Avaliação in vitro do potencial reparador de matriz de Quitosana associada a Madecassoside: aplicações no tratamento de lesões cutâneas / In vitro evaluation of the matrix repairing potential of Chitosan associated with Madecassoside: applications in the treatment of skin lesions

A cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas depende de fatores-chave que incluem a interação adequada dos diferentes constituintes celulares da epiderme, derme e tecido subcutâneo. A restauração da barreira epidérmica é altamente eficiente durante o período embrionário, com um relativo decréscimo na vida adulta. Distúrbios sistêmicos, como diabetes e hanseníase, podem comprometer a capacidade de reparação da pele, gerando ulceras crônicas, que são consideradas como relevantes problemas de saúde pública. O presente estudo se propôs a estabelecer parâmetros de eficiência de membranas bioativas, preparadas com o biopolímero quitosana (QT), em associação ao extrato vegetal, madecassoside (MA). Nas preparações obtidas, foram avaliadas características físico-químicas e propriedades antimicrobianas. A biocompatibilidade das preparações, e sua capacidade de promover migração celular, foi testada in vitro em fibroblastos da linhagem NIH/3T3. As membranas foram divididas em grupos: QT 2%; QT/MA 0,10% (QTMA010); QT/MA 0,25% (QTMA025); QT/MA 0,50% (QTMA050). Os grupos foram avaliados em diferentes intervalos de tempo, de 0 a 96 horas (T0, T24, T48, T72, T96). Nossos dados indicam que membranas bioativas, preparadas com quitosana (QT 2%) e madecassoside (MA 0,10%, 0,25%, 0,50%), são biocompatíveis e possuem propriedades físico-químicas adequadas. As preparações contendo associação de ambos os compostos se mostraram superiores à QT. A capacidade de promover migração de fibroblastos, in vitro, foi estatisticamente superior em todos os grupos acrescidos de MA, indicando um papel relevante desse composto em preparações de utilização tópica para cicatrização úlceras cutâneas.

Evidências científicas sobre as úlceras de pernas como sequela da hanseníase / Evidencias científicas sobre las úlceras de piernas como secuela de la lepra / Scientific evidence on leg ulcers as leprosy sequel

Resumo Objetivo Investigar as evidências científicas sobre as úlceras de pernas como sequela da hanseníase. Métodos Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL). Para identificação do tema e questão de pesquisa, utilizou-se a estratégia PICo, na sequencia procedeu-se a busca nas bases de dados: Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Banco de dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), selecionados os descritores específicos para cada uma delas e elaboradas as respectivas estratégias de busca. Os idiomas considerados foram: inglês, português e espanhol. O período da RIL foi indeterminado. Para a seleção dos estudos, utilizou-se a ferramenta Ryyan que permitiu dois dos autores independentemente incluir, excluir, ou ficar indeciso, as discordâncias foram solucionadas por um terceiro. Os artigos selecionados foram classificados de acordo com a Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). E para a interpretação dos resultados os artigos foram agrupados por semelhança e categorizados da seguinte maneira: autor, ano país, nível de evidência, objetivos e resultados, conclusão e recomendação. Resultados Identificou-se 415 estudos e 10 foram incluídos na revisão. O resultado principal obtido foi o tratamento tópico da úlcera, as vulnerabilidades e os determinantes que assolam os acometidos pela hanseníase não foram estudados. Conclusão Não há fortes evidências sobre as terapias para o tratamento de úlceras de pernas decorrentes da hanseníase que apoiem a diminuição de sequelas incapacitantes ocasionadas pela doença perpetuando o estigma e a desigualdade social.

Resumen Objetivo investigar las evidencias científicas sobre las úlceras de piernas como secuela de la lepra. Métodos revisión integradora de la literatura (RIL). Para la identificación del tema y pregunta de la investigación, se utilizó la estrategia PICo, luego se procedió a la búsqueda en las bases de datos: Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs), Banco de dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), se seleccionaron los descriptores específicos para cada una y se elaboraron las respectivas estrategias de búsqueda. Se consideraron los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. El período de la RIL fue indeterminado. Para la selección de los estudios, se utilizó la herramienta Ryyan, que permitió dos de los autores independientemente incluir, excluir o estar indeciso, las discrepancias fueron resueltas por un tercero. Los artículos seleccionados se clasificaron según la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Y para la interpretación de los resultados, los artículos se agruparon por semejanza y se categorizaron de la siguiente manera: autor, año, país, nivel de evidencia, objetivos y resultados, conclusión y recomendación. Resultados se identificaron 415 estudios y se incluyeron 10 en la revisión. El resultado principal obtenido fue el tratamiento tópico de la úlcera, las vulnerabilidades y los determinantes que asolaron a los afectados por la lepra no fueron estudiados. Conclusión no hay fuertes evidencias sobre las terapias para el tratamiento de úlceras de piernas resultantes de la lepra que justifiquen la reducción de secuelas incapacitantes provocadas por la enfermedad, perpetuando el estigma y la desigualdad social.

Abstract Objective To investigate the scientific evidence on leg ulcers as leprosy sequel. Methods This is an Integrative Literature Review (ILR). In order to identify the theme and research question, the PICo strategy was used, in the sequence the search was carried out in Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American & Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) databases. Specific descriptors were selected for each of them and respective search strategies were created. The languages considered were English, Portuguese and Spanish. The ILR period was indeterminate. For the study selection, the Ryyan tool was used and allowed two of the authors to independently include, exclude or remain undecided, disagreements were solved by a third party. The selected articles have been ranked according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). And for interpretation of results, the articles were grouped by similarity and categorized into author, country year, level of evidence, objectives and results, conclusion and recommendation. Results 415 studies were identified and 10 were included in the review. The main outcome was the topical treatment of ulcers, the vulnerabilities and the determinants that afflict those affected by leprosy were not studied. Conclusion There is no strong evidence on therapies for the treatment of leprosy-induced leg ulcers that support the reduction of disabling sequel caused by disease perpetuating stigma and social inequality.

Autologous fibroblasts for the treatment of cutaneous loxoscelism: First experience.

Several treatments have been described for cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), but the quality of available evidence is insufficient for the elaboration of a therapeutic consensus. Dapsone has shown beneficial effects on stopping the inflammatory phenomenon and accelerating the recovery. It is recommended to start dapsone once the visceral involvement is ruled out if glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels are normal. Autologous fibroblast (AF) therapy is a novel therapy that has been successfully used in bioengineering as skin substitutes for surgical wounds and burns, diabetic and pressure ulcers, and other aesthetic purposes. Interestingly, there are no reports of AFs in CL. We present a case of CL in which the necrotic process was stabilised with dapsone, but the healing of the ulcer was not achieved. Three weekly applications of AFs 100 000/cm2 were performed on a biocompatible polymer matrix, with optimal response within 2 months. This represents the first report of AFs in CL, setting the stage for future studies.

Regenerative treatment with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly in chronic ulcer caused by dermolipectomy.

BACKGROUND: Procedures to remove adiposities and skin, such as dermolipectomy, can develop wounds that are difficult to heal by conventional therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells are indicated as potential candidates for regenerative therapy in wounds, due to their multipotentiality, low immunogenicity, modulating capacity of inflammation and tissue modeling processes. CASE REPORT: Patient with dehiscent chronic ulcer secondary to dermolipectomy, who received cutaneous treatment with mesenchymal stem cells. The therapy induced scar formation and neovascularization, as well as the decrease of infiltrated leukocytes and proinflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal cells are proposed as an interesting alternative for the treatment of postoperative lesions.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los procedimientos para retirar adiposidades y piel, como la dermolipectomía, pueden desarrollar heridas difíciles de sanar mediante tratamientos convencionales. Se ha señalado que es posible utilizar las células madre mesenquimales en el tratamiento regenerativo en heridas, en virtud de su multipotencialidad, baja inmunogenicidad, capacidad moduladora de inflamación y procesos modeladores de tejidos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente con dehiscencia en úlcera crónica secundaria a dermolipectomía, sometida a tratamiento cutáneo con células madre mesenquimales. Se indujo formación de cicatriz y neovascularización, así como la disminución de leucocitos infiltrados y citocinas proinflamatorias. Se propone a las células mesenquimales como una alternativa interesante para el tratamiento de lesiones postoperatorias.

Úlceras de quirodáctilos e dorso de mão esquerda ocasionadas por hipertensão venosa após confecção de fístula arteriovenosa braquiocefálica: relato de caso / Ulcers of the fingers and dorsum of the left hand caused by venous hypertension after construction of a brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula: case report

Úlceras venosas decorrentes de hipertensão venosa por fístula arteriovenosa são raras. A investigação de sua etiologia é esclarecida pelo eco-Doppler vascular, que diferencia entre estenose de vasos centrais e sobrecarga hemodinâmica gerada pelo desenvolvimento de tributárias, a partir da veia responsável pela fístula arteriovenosa. Apresentamos um caso gerado por sobrecarga hemodinâmica em tributária, que desviou o fluxo principal da fístula distalmente ao membro. Optamos por realizar a ligação da fístula para tratamento das úlceras e confecção de nova fístula arteriovenosa em membro contralateral

Venous ulcers caused by venous hypertension secondary to arteriovenous fistulae are rare. Their etiology can be confirmed by vascular Doppler ultrasonography, which can differentiate between stenosis of central vessels and hemodynamic overload caused by development of tributaries from the vein responsible for the arteriovenous fistula. We present a case caused by hemodynamic overload of a tributary, which diverted the primary flow from the fistula to the distal limb. We chose to ligate the fistula to treat the ulcers and create another arteriovenous fistula in the contralateral limb

Práticas avançadas no cuidado integral de enfermagem a pessoas com úlceras cutâneas / Prácticas avanzadas de atención integral de enfermería a personas con úlceras cutáneas / Advanced practices in comprehensive nursing care for people with skin ulcer

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os desfechos clínicos de pessoas com úlceras cutâneas crônicas atendidas em consultas de enfermagem. Métodos Estudo transversal da análise dos registros de consultas de enfermagem a pessoas com úlceras crônicas atendidas em um Centro de Assistência de Enfermagem entre 1994 a 2015, sob a perspectiva da Saúde Coletiva. As variáveis investigadas foram epidemiológicas, clínicas de cicatrização da úlcera, abandono e óbito de usuários. Resultados Dentre os 343 prontuários de pessoas atendidas no serviço, identificou-se maior proporção de idosos, do sexo feminino, com ensino fundamental, de cor autorreferida branca, aposentados, dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde e com condições crônicas de saúde. A etiologia das úlceras cutâneas foi maior nas neuropáticas e venosas sem resolutividade clínica prévia na rede de serviços de saúde. A cicatrização ocorreu em 67,6% das úlceras pela adoção centrada nos cuidados de enfermagem, e observou-se pequena taxa de abandono e óbito. Conclusão Desfechos clínicos satisfatórios de pessoas com úlceras cutâneas crônicas foram evidenciados nos registros de cuidados de enfermagem. A consulta de enfermagem mostrou-se potencial estratégia para a cicatrização de úlceras cutâneas.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar los resultados clínicos de personas con úlceras cutáneas crónicas atendidas en consultas de enfermería. Métodos: Estudio transversal de análisis de registros de consultas de enfermería realizadas por personas con úlceras crónicas en un Centro de Atención de Enfermería entre 1994 y 2015, bajo la perspectiva de la Salud Colectiva. Las variables investigadas fueron epidemiológicas, clínicas, de cicatrización de la úlcera, cesación del tratamiento y deceso del paciente. Resultados De las 343 historias clínicas de personas atendidas en el servicio, se identificó mayor proporción de ancianos, de sexo femenino, con enseñanza primaria, de color autorreferido como blanco, jubilados, dependientes del Sistema Único de Salud, con condiciones crónicas de salud. La etiología de las úlceras cutáneas fue mayor en las neuropáticas y venosas sin resolutividad clínica previa en la red de servicios de salud. La cicatrización ocurrió en el 67,6% de las úlceras por adopción enfocada en la atención de enfermería. Se observaron bajas tasas de cesación del tratamiento y decesos. Conclusión Los resultados clínicos satisfactorios de personas con úlceras cutáneas crónicas fueron evidenciados en los registros de atención de enfermería. La consulta de enfermería se constituyó en estrategia potencial para la cicatrización de úlceras cutáneas.

Abstract Objective To identify clinical outcomes of people with chronic skin ulcer seen in nursing consultations. Methods Cross-sectional study of the analysis of nursing consultation records for people with chronic wound treated at a Nursing Care Center from 1994 to 2015, from the perspective of Collective Health. The variables investigated were epidemiological, wound advanced treatment centers, abandonment and death. Results There was a high proportion of elderly, female, with complete elementary and middle school, white self-reported color, retirees, dependents on the Brazilian Unified Health System ( Sistema Único de Saúde ) and with chronic health diseases identified among the 343 patients medical records. Etiology of skin ulcer was higher in the neuropathic and venous areas without previous clinical resolution in the health services network. Healing occurred in 67.6% of wound by adoption focused on nursing care. A low rate of abandonment and death was observed. Conclusion There were satisfactory clinical outcomes of people with chronic skin ulcer as evidenced in nursing care records. Nursing consultation showed a potential strategy for advanced wound care.

Fundamental aspects of the local approach to cutaneous ulcers

Abstract: Ulcers or wounds can be classified as acute or chronic. Their treatment involves overall assessment of the patient and choice of suitable local therapy, and the appropriate indication and use of products. Technological progress in the field of wound treatment has increased rapidly. Constant updating, with emphasis on available scientific evidence, is necessary to offer the best approaches to patients with acute and chronic wounds. A qualitative analysis of literature was conducted to identify scientific publications that update the concepts involved in local wound treatment, to present some resources that can aid the healing process and describe the different types of dressings available. This review includes wound assessment using the acronym TIME (tissue, infection/inflammation, moisture balance and edge of wound), cleaning and debridement, infection/inflammation control, exudate control, dressing types and main indications.

Fundamental aspects of the local approach to cutaneous ulcers.

Ulcers or wounds can be classified as acute or chronic. Their treatment involves overall assessment of the patient and choice of suitable local therapy, and the appropriate indication and use of products. Technological progress in the field of wound treatment has increased rapidly. Constant updating, with emphasis on available scientific evidence, is necessary to offer the best approaches to patients with acute and chronic wounds. A qualitative analysis of literature was conducted to identify scientific publications that update the concepts involved in local wound treatment, to present some resources that can aid the healing process and describe the different types of dressings available. This review includes wound assessment using the acronym TIME (tissue, infection/inflammation, moisture balance and edge of wound), cleaning and debridement, infection/inflammation control, exudate control, dressing types and main indications.

Glicose como causa e tratamento de necrose cutânea / Glucose as a cause of and treatment for cutaneous necrosis

A escleroterapia continua sendo um dos procedimentos mais executados pelos cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros. O conhecimento das suas complicações é imprescindível para que possamos evitá-las. Os efeitos colaterais graves desse método de tratamento para as telangiectasias dos membros inferiores são raros e frequentemente associados a um erro técnico ou à dosagem injetada. São predominantemente locais, apresentando-se, algumas vezes, como uma situação de difícil resolução. Relatamos um caso de formação de necrose cutânea após escleroterapia química com glicose hipertônica (75%) e sua cicatrização utilizando preparação tópica contendo vaselina e glicose 60%, cujo resultado estético foi satisfatório

Sclerotherapy remains one of the procedures most frequently performed by Brazilian vascular surgeons. Knowledge of its complications is indispensable to enable us to avoid them. The severe side effects of this method of treatment for telangiectasias of the lower limbs are rare and are often associated with technical errors or the dose injected. Complications are predominantly local, but are sometimes difficult to resolve. We report a case of formation of cutaneous necrosis after chemical sclerotherapy using hypertonic glucose (75%), which healed when treated with a topical preparation containing vaseline and 60% glucose, with satisfactory esthetic results

Dermatosis autoinfligida: presentación de un caso y revisión / Self-inflicted dermatosis: presentation of a case and review

Las dermatosis autoinfligidas representan un motivo habitual de consulta, así como un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. Se caracterizan por la autoprovocación de lesiones cutáneas de manera consciente o inconsciente en el contexto de trastornos psiquiátricos complejos. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente que consultó al Servicio de Dermatología por úlceras irregulares y sobreinfectadas localizadas en rostro, de 2 meses de evolución. El caso representó una dificultad diagnóstica ya que solo a partir del interrogatorio exhaustivo y los exámenes complementarios, que descartaron otras patologías, se arribó al diagnóstico de úlceras autoprovocadas en contexto de patología psiquiátrica que requirió manejo interdisciplinario. (AU)

Self-inflicted dermatoses are a frequent cause for consultation and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They are characterized by the conscious or unconscious self-generation of cutaneous lesions in the context of complex psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a patient who consulted at the dermatology department with two months history of irregular and superinfected ulcers located on the face. This case represented a diagnostic difficulty since only from an exhaustive interrogation and complementary examinations, which ruled out other pathologies, we arrived at the diagnosis of self-inflicted ulcers in the context of psychiatric pathology that required interdisciplinary management. (AU)

Surgical Management of Penile Lesions Secondary to Foreign Body Reaction: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: To improve the penile contour, some men choose to undergo implantation or injection of nonbiological materials. Foreign body reactions in penile tissue may produce scarring, deformity, ulceration, necrosis, and even gangrene. Consensus is lacking regarding the most effective surgical procedure for reconstruction of these penile lesions. OBJECTIVES: The authors describe one case study and the first systematic review focusing on reconstructive surgical management for penile lesions secondary to foreign body reaction. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases were queried for publications written in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish from 1951 to May 2017. Multiple search terms were applied. RESULTS: Of the 3304 articles identified, 51 were included in the systematic review. All were retrospective studies, case series, or case reports. A total of 260 patients underwent surgical procedures, and the complication rate was 37.3%. The scrotal flap technique was performed most frequently (43.4%) and resulted in 65.6% of the total complications observed. One Brazilian case study was also described with an extensive and circumferential ulcer after six mineral oil bolls implant in the penile subcutaneous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of the penile shape preserving the functionality and maintaining a good physician-patient relationship may be a challenge. The scrotal pouch may be advantageous for patch grafting of penile soft-tissue lesions, owing to its skin laxity and good blood supply. A less aggressive surgical approach has the benefits of shorter healing time and fewer early complications. Penile injuries are best treated by experienced surgeons on a case-by-case basis with care given to identify the most appropriate treatment.

Evidence-Based Medicine: Wound Management.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the basic science of chronic wounds. 2. Discuss the general and local factors that should be considered in any patient with a chronic wound. 3. Discuss the rationale of converting a chronic wound into an acute wound. 4. Describe techniques used to prepare chronic wounds. 5. Discuss the appropriate use of different dressings presented in this article. 6. Discuss the pros and cons of the adjuncts to wound healing discussed in this article. SUMMARY: This is the second Maintenance of Certification article on wound healing. In the first, Buchanan, Kung, and Cederna dealt with the mechanism and reconstructive techniques for closing wounds. In this article, the authors have concentrated on the chronic wound. The authors present a summary of the basic science of chronic wounds and the general and local clinical factors important in assessing any chronic wound. The evidence for interventions of these conditions is presented. The surgical and nonsurgical methods of wound preparation and the evidence supporting the use of the popular wound dressings are presented. The authors then present the evidence for some of the popular adjuncts for wound healing, including hyperbaric oxygen, electrotherapy, and ultrasound. A number of excellent articles on negative-pressure wound therapy have been written, and are not covered in this article.

Oral mucosa: an alternative epidermic cell source to develop autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes from diabetic subjects.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to obtain autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes from oral mucosa from diabetic subjects as a first step towards a possible clinical application for cases of diabetic foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oral mucosa was obtained from diabetic and healthy subjects (n=20 per group). Epidermal cells were isolated and cultured using autologous fibrin to develop dermal-epidermal in vitro substitutes by the air-liquid technique with autologous human serum as a supplement media. Substitutes were immunocharacterized with collagen IV and cytokeratin 5-14 as specific markers. A Student´s t- test was performed to assess the differences between both groups. RESULTS: It was possible to isolate epidermal cells from the oral mucosa of diabetic and healthy subjects and develop autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes using autologous serum as a supplement. Differences in the expression of specific markers were observed and the cytokeratin 5-14 expression was lower in the diabetic substitutes, and the collagen IV expression was higher in the diabetic substitutes when compared with the healthy group, showing a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Cells from oral mucosa could be an alternative and less invasive source for skin substitutes and wound healing. A difference in collagen production of diabetic cells suggests diabetic substitutes could improve diabetic wound healing. More research is needed to determine the crosstalk between components of these skin substitutes and damaged tissues.

Oral mucosa: an alternative epidermic cell source to develop autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes from diabetic subjects

Abstract Oral mucosa has been highlighted as a suitable source of epidermal cells due to its intrinsic characteristics such as its higher proliferation rate and its obtainability. Diabetic ulcers have a worldwide prevalence that is variable (1%-11%), meanwhile treatment of this has been proven ineffective. Tissue-engineered skin plays an important role in wound care focusing on strategies such autologous dermal-epidermal substitutes. Objective The aim of this study was to obtain autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes from oral mucosa from diabetic subjects as a first step towards a possible clinical application for cases of diabetic foot. Material and Methods Oral mucosa was obtained from diabetic and healthy subjects (n=20 per group). Epidermal cells were isolated and cultured using autologous fibrin to develop dermal-epidermal in vitro substitutes by the air-liquid technique with autologous human serum as a supplement media. Substitutes were immunocharacterized with collagen IV and cytokeratin 5-14 as specific markers. A Student´s t- test was performed to assess the differences between both groups. Results It was possible to isolate epidermal cells from the oral mucosa of diabetic and healthy subjects and develop autologous dermal-epidermal skin substitutes using autologous serum as a supplement. Differences in the expression of specific markers were observed and the cytokeratin 5-14 expression was lower in the diabetic substitutes, and the collagen IV expression was higher in the diabetic substitutes when compared with the healthy group, showing a significant difference. Conclusion Cells from oral mucosa could be an alternative and less invasive source for skin substitutes and wound healing. A difference in collagen production of diabetic cells suggests diabetic substitutes could improve diabetic wound healing. More research is needed to determine the crosstalk between components of these skin substitutes and damaged tissues.

Impacto da utilização de recursos fisioterapêuticos no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas de diferentes etiologias / Physical therapy resources and its impact treating skin ulcers with different etiologies

Introdução: Úlceras cutâneas são lesões graves que atingem a epiderme e a derme, podendo se estender aos tecidos subjacentes. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da utilização dos recursos fisioterapêuticos sobre a cicatrização e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com úlcera cutânea de diferentes etiologias. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com 20 indivíduos divididos em grupo tratado (GT) e controle (GC), todos receberam cuidados de enfermagem e o GT realizou 20 sessões de fisioterapia duas vezes por semana por dez semanas. Aplicado questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-BREF e mensuração das úlceras no início e término do tratamento. Resultados: O GT apresentou uma taxa de cicatrização de 52,21 ± 43,58% e o GC 37,96 ± 38,83%, sem diferença estatística. Na QV apenas o GT obteve diferença estatística pré e pós tratamento. Conclusão: Os recursos fisioterapêuticos apresentaram impacto positivo no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas, com melhora na QV. (AU)

Introduction: Skin ulcers are major injuries that affect the epidermis, dermis and may extend to the underlying tissues. Objective: Evaluate the impact of the physical therapy resources on healing and quality of life (QoL) on individuals with cutaneous ulcers of different etiologies. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 20 individuals, divided into groups: treated (TG) and control (CG). Both received nursing care and the TG received 20 physiotherapy sessions twice a week for ten weeks. Applied the Quality of Life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF and measurement of ulcers at the beginning and end of the treatment. Results: TG showed a healing rate of 52.21± 43,58% and CG 37.96 ± 38,83%, without statistically significant difference. In the QoL, just TG obtained statistical difference pre and post treatment. Conclusion: Physical therapy resources had a positive impact on the treatment of skin ulcers, with improvement in QoL. (AU)

A case series and a review of the literature on foreign modelling agent reaction: an emerging problem.

Foreign modelling agent reactions (FMAR) are the result of the injection of unapproved high-viscosity fluids with the purpose of cosmetic body modelling. Its consequences lead to ulceration, disfigurement and even death, and it has reached epidemic proportions in several regions of the world. We describe a series of patients treated for FMARs in a specialised wound care centre and a thorough review of the literature. A retrospective chart review was performed from January 1999 to September 2015 of patients who had been injected with non-medical foreign agents and who developed cutaneous ulceration needing treatment at the dermatology wound care centre. This study involved 23 patients whose ages ranged from 22 to 67 years with higher proportion of women and homosexual men. The most commonly injected sites were the buttocks (38·5%), legs (18%), thighs (15·4%) and breasts (11·8%). Mineral oil (39%) and other unknown substances (30·4%) were the most commonly injected. The latency period ranged from 1 week to 17 years. Complications included several skin changes such as sclerosis and ulceration as well as systemic complications. FMAR is a severe syndrome that may lead to deadly complications, and is still very common in Latin America.

Selección y evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias: trolamina / Selection and evaluation of health technologies: trolamina

La UDR-Lambayeque autoriza la cobertura de Trolamina 0,67 g tubo por 93g emulsión tópica para los diagnósticos solicitados: úlcera cutánea no infectada aguda y crónica, quemaduras de primer y segundo grado, úlcera de presión y úlceras post-traumática, solicitada por la IPRESS Hospital Regional Lambayeque.(AU)

Benefício da terapia de ondas de choque no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas: uma revisão da literatura / Benefits of extracorporeal shockwave in the treatment of skin ulcers: a literature review

A terapia de ondas de choque (TOC) extracorpórea possui ação analgésica e anti-inflamatória. Com a evolução e compreensão de seus mecanismos físicos e biológicos, foi se estudando a sua aplicação em outras patologias, principalmente em afecções ósseas e musculo-tendíneas. Recentemente, estudos em modelos animais demonstraram a sua capacidade angiogênica e maior taxa de re-epitelização local. Estas pesquisas levaram ao início do uso de TOC radial de baixa energia no tratamento e manejo de diversas lesões de pele de difícil tratamento. As úlceras cutâneas possuem diversas etiologias, variando desde úlceras de pressão, queimaduras, úlceras venosas ou arteriais e também úlceras diabéticas. Seu tratamento é um desafio, devido ao seu tempo prolongado de tratamento (resultando em dificuldades quanto ao seguimento clínico) e também elevados custos. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da TOC na cicatrização de úlceras de diversas etiologias: diabéticas, por pressão, queimaduras, pós-traumáticas, vasculares venosas e arteriais, por meio de uma revisão da literatura. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, sendo incluídos estudos clínicos em humanos Resultados: 9 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os estudos inclusos compreenderam 788 pacientes. Os manuscritos trouxeram uma variedade de padrão de intervenções diferentes. Houve heterogeneidade no tempo de intervenção, número de pulsos e na frequência de sessões, bem como na quantidade de sessões, densidade de energia aplicada, e também no tipo de ondas de choque utilizados nas terapias. Alguns dos trabalhos descritos encontraram uma maior taxa na cicatrização e fechamento completo de lesões em pacientes com lesões crônicas, que não responderam ao tratamento conservador. Porém, há poucos estudos na literatura com qualidade metodológica adequada. Conclusão: A TOC surge como uma alternativa promissora para pacientes que não respondem bem à terapia conservadora. Os resultados são promissores porém com evidências limitadas quanto a diminuição do tempo de cicatrização e na aceleração do fechamento de lesões. Os estudos selecionados não relataram efeitos colaterais significativos, sendo uma terapia segura

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. With the evolution and comprehension of its biological and physical mechanisms, the application of ESWT on other pathologies has also been studied, especially in musculoskeletal diseases. Recently, studies on animal models have shown its angiogenic capacity and a higher rate of local re-epithelization. These small studies led to few trials using low-energy, radial ESWT to treat problematic chronic skin ulcers. Skin ulcers have diverse etiologies, ranging from pressure ulcers, burns, venous or arterial ulcers, and even diabetic ulcers. Their treatment is usually a challenge, due to the long-term treatment and high costs. Objective: To review the literature and evaluate the efficacy of ESWT in caring for skin ulcers of various etiologies: diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, burns, post-traumatic ulcers, venous and arterial ulcers. Method: A literature review was made, with only human trials included. Results: 9 articles were selected that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The studies included evaluations of 788 patients. The manuscripts demonstrated a large variability regarding the interventions made. There was heterogeneity regarding intervention time, number of pulses, frequency of sessions, and also the number of sessions, energy density used, and the type of shock wave used in therapies. Some of the included trials found a higher rate of complete wound healing and faster epithelization in patients with chronic lesions, unresponsive to the traditional measures. However, there were few studies in the literature with proper methodological quality. Conclusion: ESWT is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients unresponsive to conventional measures. The results are promising, although the evidence regarding wound healing and acceleration of wound healing is still limited. The studies selected did not report any significant side effects