RESUMO
In 1995, the historical shipwreck of La Belle was discovered off the coast of Texas. One partial human skeleton was recovered from alongside cargo in the rear portion of the ship; a second (complete) skeleton was found atop coiled anchor rope in the bow. In late 2015, comprehensive forensic genetic testing began on multiple samplings from each set of remains. For the partial skeleton recovered from the ship's rear cargo area, results were obtained for 26/27 Y-STRs using traditional CE; with MPS technology, results were obtained for 18/24 Y-STRs, 56/56 ancestry-informative SNPs (aiSNPs), 22/22 phenotype-informative SNPs (piSNPs), 22/27 autosomal STRs, 4/7 X-STRs, and 94/94 identity-informative SNPs (iiSNPs). For the complete skeleton of the second individual, results were obtained for 7/17 Y-STRs using traditional CE; with MPS technology, results were obtained for 5/24 Y-STRs, 49/56 aiSNPs, 18/22 piSNPs, 15/27 autosomal STRs, 1/7 X-STRs, and 66/94 iiSNPs. Biogeographic ancestry for each set of skeletal remains was predicted using the ancestry feature and metapopulation tool of the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD), Haplogroup Predictor, and the Forensic Research/Reference on Genetics knowledge base (FROG-kb). Phenotype prediction was performed using piSNP data and the HIrisplex eye color and hair color DNA phenotyping webtool. mtDNA whole genome sequencing also was performed successfully. This study highlights the sensitivity of current forensic laboratory methods in recovering DNA from historical and archaeological human remains. Using advanced sequencing technology provided by MiSeq™ FGx (Verogen) and Ion S5™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific) instrumentation, degraded skeletal remains can be characterized using a panel of diverse and highly informative markers, producing data which can be useful in both forensic and genealogical investigations.
Assuntos
Restos Mortais , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Genética Forense , Fenótipo , Navios/história , Acidentes/história , Cromossomos Humanos Y , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Eletroforese Capilar , França , Haplótipos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , História do Século XVII , Humanos , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Grupos Raciais/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Texas , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
The stories of 'self-bumping up' against a sharp object by inadvertency appeared in the historical chronicles with a periodicity of once per each 1000 years. The victims of such accidents include, inter alia, the Persian tsar Kambik II (522 b.c), Russian tsarevich Dimitry (1591), etc. The forensic medical analysis of the self-bumping by inadvertency episodes involving the historical characters made it possible to evaluate the circumstances, specific features and mechanism of the resulting injuries, the specific features of the inflicted wounds and their outcomes.
Assuntos
Acidentes/história , Ferimentos Perfurantes/história , Pessoas Famosas , Medicina Legal , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Federação RussaRESUMO
Although popular for displaying dermatologic conditions before the advent of photography, the medical moulage has also illustrated injuries and accidents. Explored here are three farm accidents and the moulages based on them that occurred in rural Minnesota in the early 20th century. Besides being an object of historical interest, the medical moulage also provides a valuable learning and training opportunity, and can even be thought of as the predecessor of three dimensional printing.
Assuntos
Acidentes/história , Fazendeiros , Modelos Anatômicos , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Minnesota , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study of ante-mortem trauma is a popular and important aspect of palaeopathological analysis. The majority of publications focus on a particular assemblage, skeletal element or type of fracture, with case studies of single individuals with multiple/unusual traumata being much rarer in the literature. This paper presents the case of an adult male from the Bronze Age site of Sharakhalsun, Russia, buried, uniquely, in a sitting position on a fully assembled wagon, who displayed evidence for multiple healed ante-mortem fractures of the cranium, axial and appendicular skeleton. The mechanisms and likely etiologies of the fractures are presented, with reference to modern and 19th century clinical literature, and possible interpretations suggested: that the individual was involved in a severe accident involving a wagon or draft animals, or both, a number of years before his death. The suggestion is also made that the unique burial position of the individual was a form of commemoration by the community of the survival and recovery of the individual from such a serious incident.
Assuntos
Acidentes/história , Fraturas Múltiplas/história , Ferimentos e Lesões/história , Animais , Fraturas Múltiplas/patologia , Rituais Fúnebres/história , História Antiga , Humanos , Masculino , Paleopatologia , Federação Russa , Fraturas Cranianas/história , Fraturas Cranianas/patologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/patologiaAssuntos
Traumatismos dos Dedos , Medicina nas Artes , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo , Acidentes/história , Pessoas Famosas , Traumatismos dos Dedos/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos dos Dedos/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Noruega , Pinturas/história , Radiografia/história , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/históriaRESUMO
Seasonal fluctuations in mortality and their causes in the nineteenth century Polish rural populations: wealthy, agriculturally and economically advanced populations from Wielkopolska, and poor populations from Silesia and Galicia (southern Poland) were described. Data-sources included parish death registers from the Roman Catholic parish of Dziekanowice in the region of Wielkopolska, Prussian statistical yearbooks for the Pozna Province as well as information from previous publications regarding Silesia and Galicia. The 19th century patterns were compared with those in present-day Poland. The occurrence of seasonality of deaths was assessed with: the Chi-squared test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models (ARIMA). In all populations there was a winter maximum of the number of deaths, while the minimum occurred in early summer. In the poor populations of Silesia and Galicia another statistically significant increase in the incidence of deaths was observed in the early spring. In the rich and modern villages of Wielkopolska there was no spring increase in the number of deaths, however, in all populations of Wielkopolska, irrespective of a particular pattern, a secondary mortality peak occurred in the late summer and autumn. Statistical tests used in this study did not show any clear differences in the distribution of the seasonality of deaths between the populations of Wielkopolska on the one hand, and the populations from Galicia and Silesia, on the other hand. The statistical significance of differences was, however, evident between populations representing the two distinguished by secondary peaks death seasonality patterns. Seasonal death increase split the populations under study into two groups according to the criterion of wealth.
Assuntos
Mortalidade/história , Sistema de Registros , Estações do Ano , Acidentes/história , Acidentes/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Causas de Morte/tendências , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cólera/história , Cólera/mortalidade , Disenteria/história , Disenteria/mortalidade , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Homicídio/história , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade/tendências , Mortalidade Perinatal/história , Mortalidade Perinatal/tendências , Polônia/epidemiologia , Pobreza , População Rural , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Suicídio/história , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/história , Tuberculose/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This article was designed to illustrate specific features of the injuries inflicted by the sharp objects as a result of the so-called self-striking based on the examples from the historical and literary works. The forensic medical characteristics of such cases are provided.
Assuntos
Acidentes/história , Suicídio/história , Ferimentos Perfurantes/história , História do Século XVI , História Antiga , Humanos , Terminologia como AssuntoAssuntos
Acidentes/história , Emergências/história , Segurança/história , Seguridade Social/história , Prevenção de Acidentes/história , Inglaterra , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , América do Norte , Saúde Ocupacional/história , Gestão de Riscos/históriaAssuntos
Acidentes/história , Arqueologia/métodos , Água do Mar , Navios/história , História Medieval , Humanos , PortugalRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify accidental mortality during school activities of students in elementary, middle or high school in Seoul and consequent compensation payment. METHODS: Fifty-eight students died due to accidents during the period 1988 through 2007. Data were obtained from the Seoul School Safety and Insurance Association, and Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Chi-square, t test, and ANCOVA were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: Among students, 75.9% were male and 37.9% were high school students. Accidental mortality was 1.61 per one million students (2.33 for male, and 0.82 for female students, and 0.93, 2.13 and 2.31 for elementary, middle and high school students, respectively). Mortality caused by drowning and falls per one million student was 0.85 and 0.74 for male, and 0.23 and 0.35 for female students. After age, year and cause were adjusted using ANCOVA, the mean compensation payment was 40,615 thousand won for male, and 62,000 thousands for female students. Highest compensation payment was 127,137 thousand for cerebral concussion after age, gender, year and cause were adjusted. CONCLUSION: To decrease student accidental mortality, especially drowning and falls, development of efficient safety-enforcing education is essential to prevent injuries and avoid preventable compensation costs.
Assuntos
Acidentes/mortalidade , Compensação e Reparação , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes/história , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , República da Coreia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify accidental mortality during school activities of students in elementary, middle or high school in Seoul and consequent compensation payment. METHODS: Fifty-eight students died due to accidents during the period 1988 through 2007. Data were obtained from the Seoul School Safety and Insurance Association, and Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Chi-square, t test, and ANCOVA were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: Among students, 75.9% were male and 37.9% were high school students. Accidental mortality was 1.61 per one million students (2.33 for male, and 0.82 for female students, and 0.93, 2.13 and 2.31 for elementary, middle and high school students, respectively). Mortality caused by drowning and falls per one million student was 0.85 and 0.74 for male, and 0.23 and 0.35 for female students. After age, year and cause were adjusted using ANCOVA, the mean compensation payment was 40,615 thousand won for male, and 62,000 thousands for female students. Highest compensation payment was 127,137 thousand for cerebral concussion after age, gender, year and cause were adjusted. CONCLUSION: To decrease student accidental mortality, especially drowning and falls, development of efficient safety-enforcing education is essential to prevent injuries and avoid preventable compensation costs.