Immunohistochemical features of canine ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma and utility of cell block technique for detecting neoplastic cells in body cavity effusions.

Dogs with ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma occasionally present with ascites and/or pleural effusion. These aspirated fluids often contain a large number of cells, and distinction between neoplastic cells and activated mesothelial cells can be difficult. In this study, 7 cases of canine ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma, including 3 with ascites and pleural effusion, were immunohistochemically examined. Ovarian tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin CAM5.2 (CAM5.2), Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1) and progesterone receptor (PR) in all 7 cases. A metastatic lesion of the mediastinum in one case was also positive for CAM5.2, WT-1 and PR. Immunohistochemistry on cell blocks obtained from ascites and/or pleural effusion of 2 cases revealed the presence of PR-positive epithelial cells. Whereas, activated mesothelial cells in ascites or pleural effusion collected from dogs without neoplastic lesions were negative for PR. In addition, surface epithelium and subsurface epithelial structures (SES) of normal canine ovaries, that are considered to be the cell of origin for ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma, were also positive for CAM5.2, WT-1 and PR. These results indicate that, together with CAM5.2, WT-1 and PR is a useful diagnostic marker for canine ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma. Expression of PR may be associated with progesterone-dependent nature of canine ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma.

Primary nonlymphoid gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul / Neoplasmas gastrointestinais primários não linfoides em cães no Rio Grande do Sul

Gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN) are uncommon in dogs, but they mainly show malignant behavior and poor prognosis. The types of GIN in dogs and their frequency, as well as their epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed through a retrospective study of biopsies from 24.711 dogs from 2005 to 2017. Additionally, histological sections of neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy, and neuron-specific enolase. Of the total samples from dogs analyzed, 88 corresponded to GIN. Neoplasms occurred more frequently in purebred dogs (64.8%, 57/88), males (53.4%, 47/88), with a median age of 10 years. The intestine was affected by 84.1% (74/88) of the cases. Of these, the large intestine was the most affected (67.6%, 50/74). Most of the neoplasms had malignant behavior (88.6%, 78/88). Regarding the classification of neoplasms, 46.6% (41/88) of the diagnoses corresponded to epithelial, 46.6% (41/88) were mesenchymal, 5.7% (5/88) were hematopoietic, and 1.1% (1/88) was neuroendocrine. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasms were papillary adenocarcinoma (19.3%, 17/88), leiomyosarcoma (17.0%, 15/88), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (12.5%, 11/88), and leiomyoma (5.0%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas were located mainly in the rectum, whereas leiomyosarcomas and GISTs developed mainly in the cecum. Epithelial neoplasms showed a greater potential for lymphatic invasion whereas mesenchymal neoplasms appeared to be more expansive with intratumoral necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an important diagnostic technique for the identification of infiltrating cells in carcinomas and an indispensable technique for the definitive diagnosis of sarcomas.(AU)

Neoplasmas gastrointestinais (NGI) são pouco comuns em cães, mas possuem principalmente comportamento maligno e prognóstico reservado. Os tipos de NGI em cães e sua frequência, bem como características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas foram analisados por meio de um estudo retrospectivo dos exames de biópsias de 24.711 cães entre os anos de 2005 a 2017. Adicionalmente, cortes histológicos de NGI foram submetidos à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), utilizando os anticorpos anti-pancitoqueratina, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy e enolase neurônio específica. Do total de cães analisados, 88 corresponderam a NGI não linfoides. Os neoplasmas ocorreram com maior frequência em cães de raça pura (64,8%, 57/88), machos (53,4%, 47/88), com mediana de idade de 10 anos. O intestino foi acometido em 84,1% dos casos (74/88). Destes, o intestino grosso foi o segmento mais afetado (67,6%, 50/74). A maior parte dos neoplasmas tinha comportamento maligno (88,6%, 78/88). Quanto à classificação, 46,6% (41/88) dos diagnósticos corresponderam a neoplasmas epiteliais, 46,6% (41/88) mesenquimais, 5,7% (5/88) hematopoiéticos e 1,1% (1/88), neuroendócrino. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente diagnosticados foram adenocarcinoma papilar (19,3%, 17/88), leiomiossarcoma (17,0%, 15/88), tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) (12,5%, 11/88) e leiomioma (12,5%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas localizavam-se principalmente no reto, enquanto leiomiossarcoma e GISTs desenvolveram-se principalmente no ceco. Os neoplasmas epiteliais demonstraram um potencial maior de invasão linfática enquanto que os mesenquimais aparentaram ser mais expansivos, com necrose e hemorragia intratumorais. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou ser uma técnica diagnóstica importante para a identificação de células neoplásicas infiltravas no caso dos carcinomas e uma técnica indispensável para o diagnóstico definitivo de sarcomas.(AU)

Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a dog: case report / Adenocarcinoma papilífero em cólon descendente de cão: relato de caso

The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient's previous clinical condition.(AU)

O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.(AU)

A case of primary papillary disseminated adenocarcinoma of canine lung.

Primary lung tumors are rare in dogs, whereas pulmonary metastatic neoplastic involvement is common. We describe a case of a 12-year-old male, mixed-breed dog with a 3-month history of coughing and dyspnea. The investigating protocol, which also includes transcutaneous pulmonary biopsy, allowed a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma that necroscopic findings confirmed as a primary neoplasia. The tumor exhibited a nodular-disseminated growth, mimicking the metastatic involvement of the lung, instead of the single-mass appearance that has been observed by other authors. The present report indicates that, although the incidence of canine primary lung neoplasms is markedly low, this condition must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases that cause coughing and dyspnea in older dogs.

Use of a balloon-expandable metallic stent to relieve malignant urethral obstruction in a cat.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 19-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of urinary tract obstruction. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Physical examination findings were consistent with urethral obstruction, and a mass could be palpated in the region of the bladder neck. Abdominal ultrasonography and thoracic radiography revealed a mass in the trigone of the urinary bladder and a solitary mass in the left caudal lung lobe. Cytologic examination of the urine sediment, samples obtained by means of traumatic urethral catheterization, and fine-needle aspirates of the bladder mass did not result in a diagnosis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A balloon-expandable metallic stent was placed in the proximal portion of the urethra to relieve the malignant obstruction. After stent placement, the cat had signs of urinary incontinence and detrusor atony, both of which resolved with medical treatment. The cat was euthanized 1 month after stent placement because of progressive azotemia. Histologic examination of necropsy samples revealed grade III urothelial carcinoma and papillary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that stent placement may be a viable palliative treatment in cats with malignant urinary obstruction.

Pathological abnormalities after long-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate in a queen.

In this report, multiple abnormalities (bilateral ovarian cysts, cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra (CEH-P), mammary adenoma, fibrosarcoma and cystic-papillary adenocarcinoma) identified in a queen continually administered medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 9 years are described. An 11-year-old domestic shorthair intact queen was presented for reduced appetite, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal distension, and mammary mass. Pyometra was diagnosed based upon clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OHE) were performed for treatment. Bilateral ovarian cysts were detected during OHE. Histopathologically, follicular ovarian cysts, CEH-P, and benign and neoplastic mammary lesions were identified. We suggest that, the pathological abnormalities may have been attributed to adverse effects of prolonged administration of MPA.

Canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with neoplastic hypercalcemia.

A female golden retriever was referred to assess a history of a palpable abdominal mass. A serum chemistry analysis revealed elevated concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). Exploratory laparotomy revealed an ovoid mass within the right ovary. This mass was removed surgically by performing an ovariohysterectomy. The right ovarian mass was diagnosed as a serous papillary adenocarcinoma. Following surgery, the dog recovered, and the serum calcium and PTH-rP concentrations decreased. Therefore, concentrations of PTH-rP and calcium might be associated with serous papillary adenocarcinomas. Serial evaluation of the serum PTH-rP and calcium was useful for evaluating the prognosis.

Bile duct carcinoma and nasal adenocarcinoma in a guinea pig.

A guinea pig with a low grade bile duct carcinoma and nasal papillary adenocarcinoma also had a collagen nevus or lipoma that was considered insignificant in the overall management of the case. The bile duct carcinoma was treated successfully through surgery. The clinical presentation of the adenocarcinoma, which was not treated, is described.

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a Holstein cow.

A 15-year-old female Holstein cow was presented with a history of anorexia and weight loss. Abnormal physical examination findings included poor body condition, dehydration, icterus, and photodermatitis on nonpigmented areas of the skin of the dorsum. At necropsy, the common bile duct was greatly enlarged, with thickened walls, and tightly adhered to the hepatic capsular surface and serosa of adjacent loops of the small intestine. Two sessile, yellowish, friable, well-circumscribed, cauliflower-like, bulging masses (14 and 8 cm in diameter) were attached to the inner surface of the common bile duct blocking its lumen. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of well-differentiated, columnar epithelial cells with oval or round, vesicular, basal nuclei arranged in papillary projections. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive material accumulated in the apical cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Immunostaining of the tumor cells was positive for cytokeratin (CK) of wide-spectrum screening and for CK 7. The diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct was based on the morphologic features of the neoplasm and evidence of local invasion. To the best of our knowledge, extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas have not been described in cattle.

Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non-human primates.

Twelve spontaneous ovarian tumors were found in the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research baboon colony. These included four granulosa cell tumors, three teratomas, two endometrioid carcinomas, one seromucinous cystadenofibroma, a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian carcinoma. Age was a pre-disposing factor. With one exception, the tumors of surface epithelial- and sex cordstromal origin occurred in baboons over 17 years of age. The exceptional animal was 7 years of age when a malignant granulosa cell tumor with Sertoli cell differentiation was identified. The two endometrioid tumors, which were found in 17- and 30-year-old animals, were both associated with endometriosis. In contrast, the teratomas, which are tumors of germ cell origin, were found in younger animals, i.e. 17 years of age or younger. One case of an ovarian carcinoma with metastases was observed in a 6-month-old infant. Cases of spontaneous ovarian tumors from the literature are reviewed.

Prognostic status of p53 gene mutation in canine mammary carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The p53 gene mutations have been associated with the development of human breast and canine mammary neoplasms; breast carcinoma patients with alterations of p53 gene are considered to have a poor prognosis. Mammary carcinoma represents the most common malignant tumor in female dogs. However, the prognostic significance of p53 gene mutation in the dog has been unclear. STUDY DESIGN: The alteration in exons 5-8 of p53 gene in 69 canine mammary carcinomas were investigated by PCR-SSCP with direct sequence analysis and statistically analyzed to compare with other clinicopathological parameters including age, neuter, tumor size, stage, histology, p53 expression, recurrence and death from carcinoma. RESULTS: 12 out of 69 (17%) carcinomas showed p53 gene mutations. After a follow-up period of 30 months, multivariate regression analysis revealed that p53 gene mutation was only an independent risk factor for increased risk of the recurrence and death from mammary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The p53 gene alterations might contribute to the prognostic status in canine mammary carcinomas, in a way comparable to that of human tumors.

Localized amyloidosis in canine mammary tumors.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on localized amyloidosis associated with mammary tumors in two dogs. These tumors were identified as adenoma and adenocarcinoma. An acellular, amorphous pale eosinophilic material (amyloid) was observed in the lumina of acini lined by neoplastic cells and in the stroma of the tumors. Concentrically laminated pale eosinophilic bodies (corpora amylacea) were also found in the lumina of the acini. Amyloid and corpora amylacea stained positively with Congo red with and without 5% potassium permanganate pretreatment and revealed a green birefringence under polarized light. Corpora amylacea showed an occasional Maltese-cross pattern. Immunohistochemically, amyloid and corpora amylacea usually stained positively with anti-bovine alpha-casein antibody but negatively with anti-human amyloid AA, anti-bovine kappa-light and lambda-light chains, anti-human lactoferrin, anti-human transferrin, anti-human secretory component, and anti-human polyglucosan antibodies. These findings suggested that the amyloid deposition in these canine mammary tumors was related to lactating casein.

Primary lung neoplasia in a beagle colony.

As part of long-term pulmonary carcinogenesis studies in dogs, it is important to analyze the incidence of spontaneous lung neoplasia. Primary lung carcinoma incidence was determined in two control populations of Beagle dogs observed for their life spans. One population comprised 216 dogs (112 males and 104 females) that were controls for life span studies, and another comprised 182 dogs (50 males and 132 females) that were retirees from a breeding colony. Forty lung neoplasms were noted in the 398 dogs; 35 neoplasms were carcinomas classified as papillary adenocarcinoma (20), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (9), adenosquamous carcinoma (5), or bronchial gland carcinoma (1). The other five neoplasms were a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, three adenomas, and a fibroma. The crude incidence of lung carcinomas averaged for both populations was 8.8% (35/398) and was dominated by a relatively high incidence of lung neoplasia in aged dogs, those dying after the median life span of 13.6 years.

Papillary ductal adenocarcinoma in the mammary glands of two horses.

Mammary gland neoplasms in horses are uncommon and may initially be confused with mastitis. Masses from the mammary glands of two horses with chronic discharges were examined by cytology and histopathology. Both masses were diagnosed as papillary ductal adenocarcinomas with extensive intraductal and intralobular involvement and only focal infiltration of the adjacent stroma. Complementary immunohistochemical studies were made of both fresh and formalin-fixed tumour tissue, and attempts were made to assess the steroid receptor status of fresh tissue biochemically to assess the possibility of hormonal treatment as an adjunct to surgery. The results of these tests for oestrogen and progesterone receptors were negative.

Radiation therapy of ceruminous gland carcinomas in dogs and cats.

Nine dogs and 9 cats with ceruminous gland carcinoma were evaluated to determine whether they would receive radiation therapy. Tissue samples were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to assess completeness of resection in animals that had undergone surgery. Seven animals were excluded because surgical excision was determined histologically to have been complete (5) or because the owners did not wish to pursue treatment, because of advanced disease (2). The remaining 6 cats and 5 dogs, 6 of which had previously undergone surgery, were included in the study. The radiation therapy dose was 48 Gy, given in 12 fractions over 4 weeks. The product-limit estimate of mean progression-free survival time was 39.5 months. The estimate of 1-year progression-free survival rate was 56%. The tumor recurred in 4 animals, and metastases were observed in 3 animals. Radiation therapy was found to be safe and effective.

Cytogenetic analyses of four solid tumours in dogs.

Four solid tumours (one haemangiopericytoma, one haemangioendothelioma, one spindle-cell sarcoma and one mammary carcinoma) in dogs were analysed cytogenetically. In the haemangiopericytoma, an additional small chromosomal segment was present. Very complex changes including centric fusions and symmetric meta-centrics 1, 6, 10 and 12 were conspicuous in the highly unbalanced karyotype of the haemangioendothelioma. Complex changes, particularly many centric fusions and a tandem translocation 4/14, were features of the spindle-cell sarcoma. One centric fusion and a symmetric metacentric 13 were present in the mammary carcinoma.

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in plutonium-239-induced lung neoplasms in dogs.

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was examined in canine lung tumors and in proliferative epithelial foci induced by plutonium-239 to determine if EGF-R was associated with specific neoplastic phenotypes or putative preneoplastic lesions. Seventeen (47%) of 36 canine lung tumors expressed EGF-R. Of these 17 tumors, three tumors hybridized with an erb-B RNA probe, which identified activated cell oncogenes. The expression of EGF-R was not correlated with tumor etiology, e.g., spontaneous versus radiation induced, but did correlate with specific histologic phenotypes. Nineteen (15%) of 127 proliferative epithelial foci in the canine lungs also expressed EGF-R. The phenotypic specificity demonstrated for EGF-R in canine lung tumors parallels that previously shown in human lung tumors. This finding, in addition to the identification of EGF-R in nonneoplastic proliferative lung lesions, indicates that radiation-induced lung tumors in the dog may be a useful animal model to investigate the role of EGF-R in lung carcinogenesis.