RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Women aged 55 to 59 years have a similar prevalence rate and number needed to screen for colorectal adenomas as men at a 10-year younger age. The aim of this study was to determine sex-specific differences in colorectal cancer mortality and estimate the association with adenomas at screening colonoscopy. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 323,139 individuals who underwent colonoscopy within a national colorectal cancer screening program in Austria between January 2007 and December 2020. RESULTS: Median patient age was 60 years (interquartile range, 54-67), and the sex distribution in all age groups was nearly identical. Men had significantly higher odds of having an adenoma or serrated polyp, low-risk polyp, high-risk polyp, or colorectal cancer detected at colonoscopy than women (odds ratio [OR] 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-1.86; OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.44-1.49; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.69-1.80; and OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.70-2.05, respectively). Strikingly, male sex, when compared with female sex, was associated with an almost 2-fold (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.05-2.67) increased risk to die from colorectal cancer when an adenoma or serrated polyp was found at the screening colonoscopy and a 4-fold (hazard ratio, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.72-6.3) increased risk when a high-risk polyp was found at the screening colonoscopy. The cumulative incidence for death of colorectal cancer for 60-year-old individuals was 8.5-fold higher in men as compared with women. Markedly, this sex gap narrowed with increasing age, whereas the difference in deaths of other causes remained similar in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings strengthen the necessity of sex-specific screening recommendations. Importantly, further prospective studies should focus on sex differences in tumor biology to propose personalized surveillance guidelines.
Assuntos
Adenoma , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colonoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adenoma/mortalidade , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Áustria/epidemiologia , Pólipos do Colo/mortalidade , Pólipos do Colo/patologia , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se evaluó la presentación clínica, tratamiento y sus resultados durante el seguimiento prolongado de 37 pacientes mayores de 65 años con adenomas hipofisarios, y sus causas de muerte. El estudio fue retrospectivo y transversal. La prevalencia de incidentalomas fue 43% (16), macroadenomas 70.3% (26) y adenomas gigantes 16.2% (6). El fenotipo tumoral más frecuente fue el adenoma no funcionante (76%). La prevalencia de alteraciones en el campo visual y síntomas neurológicos fue 56% y 57% respectivamente. El 54% tuvo función hipofisaria normal, deficiencia parcial el 30% y panhipopituitarismo el 16%. Fueron tratados 32, 5 se perdieron en el seguimiento sin recibir tratamiento. Indicamos cirugía en 18. De los operados por vía transesfenoidal, el 23% tuvo complicaciones postquirúrgicas y el 54% mejoría del campo visual. Por vía transcraneal el 50% sufrió complicaciones post quirúrgicas y el 33% mejoró el campo visual. Durante el seguimiento (55.1 ± 48.7 meses) no observamos recrecimiento tumoral, excepto en un adenoma gigante. Cuatro pacientes operados murieron, dos por causas al tumor. Catorce no fueron operados, 11 con adenomas no funcionantes y campo visual normal fueron controlados periódicamente y 3 con adenomas funcionantes recibieron tratamiento médico. No observamos crecimiento tumoral durante el seguimiento (43.7 ± 38.1 meses). No observamos crecimiento tumoral en adenomas no funcionantes y campo visual normal, por lo que sugerimos conducta expectante y control periódico. Cuando existe alteración del campo visual, la cirugía transesfenoidal es segura y efectiva. En los adenomas secretantes y dependiendo de las comorbilidades, sería apropiado optar por tratamiento médico.
Clinical presentation, treatment and its results were evaluated during long-term follow-up of 37 patients older than 65 years with pituitary adenoma. Causes of death were also evaluated. It was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Prevalence of incidentalomas was 43% (16), macroadenomas 70.3% (26) and giant adenomas 16.2% (6). The most frequent tumor phenotype was the non-functioning adenoma (76%). The prevalence of visual field defects and neurological symptoms was 56% and 57% respectively. We found normal pituitary function in 54%, partial deficiency in 30% and panhypopituitarism in 16%. Thirty-two patients were treated, 5 were lost to follow-up without receiving treatment. Surgery was indicated in 18. Of those operated by trans-sphenoidal approach, 23% had postsurgical complications and 54% improved the visual field. By trans-craneal approach, 50% had post-surgical complications and 33% visual field improvement. During follow-up (55.1 ± 48.7 months) no tumor regrowth was observed, except in a giant adenoma. Four operated patients died, two due to causes related to tumor. Fourteen were not operated, 11 with non-functioning adenoma and normal visual field were periodically controlled and 3 with secreting adenomas received medical treatment. No tumor growth was observed during follow-up (43.7 ± 38.0 months). We did not observe tumor progression in elderly patients with non-functioning adenoma and normal visual field, so we suggest watchful approach and periodic control. When there are visual field defects, trans-sphenoidal surgery can be considered safe and effective. In secreting adenomas and depending on the associated comorbidities, medical treatment would be the appropriate approach.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/terapia , Adenoma/terapia , Hormônios Hipofisários , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/mortalidade , Adenoma/cirurgia , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/mortalidade , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Causas de Morte , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Clinical presentation, treatment and its results were evaluated during long-term follow-up of 37 patients older than 65 years with pituitary adenomas. Causes of death were also evaluated. It was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Prevalence of incidentalomas was 43% (16), macroadenomas 70.3% (26) and giant adenomas 16.2% (6). The most frequent tumor phenotype was the non-functioning adenoma (76%). The prevalence of visual field defects and neurological symptoms was 56% and 57%, respectively. We found normal pituitary function in 54%, partial deficiency in 30% and panhypopituitarism in 16%. Thirty-two patients were treated, 5 were lost to follow-up without receiving treatment. Surgery was indicated in 18. Of those operated by trans-sphenoidal approach, 23% had postsurgical complications and 54% improved the visual field. By trans-craneal approach, 50% had post-surgical complications and 33% visual field improvement. During follow-up (55.1 ± 48.7 months) no tumor regrowth was observed, except in a giant adenoma. Four operated patients died, two due to causes related to tumor. Fourteen were not operated, 11 with non-functioning adenomas and normal visual field were periodically controlled, and 3 with secreting adenomas received medical treatment. No tumor growth was observed during follow-up (43.7 ± 38.1 months). We did not observe tumor progression in elderly patients with non-functioning adenomas and normal visual field, so we suggest watchful approach and periodic control. When there are visual field defects, trans-sphenoidal surgery can be considered safe and effective. In secreting adenomas and depending on the associated comorbidities, medical treatment would be the appropriate approach.
Se evaluó la presentación clínica, tratamiento y sus resultados durante el seguimiento prolongado de 37 pacientes mayores de 65 años con adenomas hipofisarios, y sus causas de muerte. El estudio fue retrospecti vo y transversal. La prevalencia de incidentalomas fue 43% (16), macroadenomas 70.3% (26) y adenomas gigantes 16.2% (6). El fenotipo tumoral más frecuente fue el adenoma no funcionante (76%). La prevalencia de alteraciones en el campo visual y síntomas neurológicos fue 56% y 57% respectivamente. El 54% tuvo función hipofisaria normal, deficiencia parcial el 30% y panhipopituitarismo el 16%. Fueron tratados 32, 5 se perdieron en el seguimiento sin recibir tratamiento. Indicamos cirugía en 18. De los operados por vía transesfenoidal, el 23% tuvo complicaciones postquirúrgicas y el 54% mejoría del campo visual. Por vía transcraneal el 50% sufrió complicaciones post quirúrgicas y el 33% mejoró el campo visual. Durante el seguimiento (55.1 ± 48.7 meses) no observamos recrecimiento tumoral, excepto en un adenoma gigante. Cuatro pacientes operados murieron, dos por causas al tumor. Catorce no fueron operados, 11 con adenomas no funcionantes y campo visual normal fueron controlados periódicamente y 3 con adenomas funcionantes recibieron tratamiento médico. No observamos crecimiento tumoral durante el seguimiento (43.7 ± 38.1 meses). No observamos crecimiento tumoral en adenomas no funcionantes y campo visual normal, por lo que sugerimos conducta expectante y control periódico. Cuando existe alteración del campo visual, la cirugía transesfenoidal es segura y efectiva. En los adenomas secretantes y dependiendo de las comorbilidades, sería apropiado optar por tratamiento médico.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/terapia , Adenoma/terapia , Hormônios Hipofisários , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/mortalidade , Adenoma/cirurgia , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/mortalidade , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Causas de Morte , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
CONTEXTO: A colonoscopia e a polipectomia diminuem a incidência do câncer colorretal, assim como a mortalidade dele decorrente. O intervalo efetivo entre os exames de seguimento é determinado por características clínicas e achados endoscópicos considerados como preditivos para o desenvolvimento de lesões neoplásicas colônicas avançadas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a taxa de surgimento de lesões neoplásicas avançadas em pacientes submetidos a colonoscopias de seguimento em serviço de referência. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 392 pacientes submetidos a dois ou mais exames colonoscópicos completos entre 1995 e 2005, constantes no banco de dados e que apresentavam, em pelo menos um dos exames, um adenoma colorretal. Foram analisados os dados da primeira e da última colonoscopias realizadas por cada paciente, ou daquela que mostrava lesão neoplásica avançada - considerado o desfecho principal do estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com os achados endoscópicos do primeiro exame em grupos 1 ou de alto risco, 2 ou de baixo risco e 3 ou sem adenoma na colonoscopia inicial. Foram analisados e comparados entre os grupos o aparecimento de neoplasia colônica avançada e o tempo de seguimento até o desfecho. RESULTADOS: Do total de pacientes, 27 por cento apresentavam à colonoscopia inicial, adenomas avançados, 58,4 por cento lesões neoplásicas com displasia de baixo grau e 14,5 por cento não apresentavam adenomas no exame inicial. A média etária foi de 59,54 ± 11,74 anos. Vinte e seis vírgula quatro por cento das pessoas do grupo 1 apresentaram lesão neoplásica avançada ao longo do seguimento, enquanto tal desfecho ocorreu em 10,9 por cento e 5,3 por cento dos pacientes nos grupos 2 e 3, respectivamente (P<0,05). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 123,35 meses, sendo que o tempo médio entre o primeiro exame e aquele com o desfecho diferiu estatisticamente entre o grupo 1 e os demais, sendo de 104,02, 115,31 e 120,61 meses, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: ...
CONTEXT: Colonoscopy with polypectomy reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer and its associated mortality. The ideal interval between surveillance examinations is determined by clinical features and endoscopic findings considered as risk factors to the development of advanced colonic neoplasias. OBJECTIVE: To determine the development rate of advanced neoplasia in patients submitted to surveillance colonoscopy in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety two patients who underwent two or more complete colonoscopies between 1995 and 2005, and who have at least one diagnosed colorectal adenoma entered into the study. The endoscopic findings of the first and subsequent colonoscopies of each patient were analysed, considering advanced neoplasia as the main outcome. The patients enrolled were divided in accordance to the first colonoscopy findings in groups 1 or high risk; 2 or low risk; and 3 or without adenoma at the first colonoscopy. The development of advanced colorectal neoplasia and the period of surveillance until the outcome were analysed and compared among groups. RESULTS: Twenty eight per cent of patients had advanced adenomas at index colonoscopy; 57.8 percent presented with low grade dysplasia neoplastic lesions and 14.1 percent had no adenoma at the first examination. The mean age was 59.54 ± 11.74 years. Twenty six point four per cent of subjects from group 1 presented with advanced neoplasia during the surveillance period, while this outcome occurred in 10.9 percent and 5.3 percent of patients from groups 2 and 3, respectively (P<0,05). The mean period of surveillance was 123.35 months, and the mean time between the first examination and the one which presented with the outcome statistically differed among group 1 and the others, being 104.02, 115.31 and 120.61 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced neoplasia at index colonoscopy presented with a higher probability of harbouring this ...
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/cirurgia , Colonoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Adenoma/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Seguimentos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Durante 12 años en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, se efectuaron 130 histerectomías radicales clase III de Rutledge o clásicas, con linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral (tipo Okabayashi-Meigs) para el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer cervical 1-B-1. La edad media fue 46 años (rango 28.64). El tamaño tumoral fue menor de 2 cm. en 104 casos y obviamente en ninguno fue mayor de 4 cm. El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue 4:50 h. (rango 3-15). El sangrado transoperatorio (mortalidad operatoria 0.76 por ciento). En 8.4 por ciento se presentaron alteraciones de la función vesical y en 6.9 por ciento fístulas uro-vaginales. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue 113 carcinomas epidermoides, 10 adenocarcinomas, 6 adenoescamosos y una adenocarcinoma de desviación mínima (adenoma maligno). Presentaron metástasis ganglionar pélvica 10 por ciento de los casos. Recayeron 13 pacientes, 12 con carcinomas epidermoides y una con adenocarcinoma. En sólo tres de siete recurrencias fue útil la radioterapia de rescate. Otra paciente murió de causa no relacionada al cáncer. Han continuado vivas y bien 118 casos (media de seguimiento 63 meses)