Ablación de arritmias ventriculares en el síndrome de Brugada. Presente y futuro / Ventricular arrhythmias ablation in brugada syndrome. Current and future directions

No disponible

Comentarios al análisis crítico de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología de la guía de práctica clínica de fibrilación auricular 2010 de la ESC. Respuesta / Comments on the Spanish Society of Cardiology Critical Review of the ESC 2010 clinical practice guidelines on atrial fibrillation. Response

No disponible

Test de ajmalina y guía de práctica clínica sobre fibrilación auricular 2010 de la ESC / Ajmaline test and ESC 2010 clinical practice guidelines on atrial fibrillation

No disponible

Test de ajmalina y guía de práctica clínica sobre fibrilación auricular 2010 de la ESC. Respuesta / Ajmaline test and ESC 2010 clinical practice guidelines on atrial fibrillation. Response

No disponible

Quantitative determination of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia serpentina by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A sensitive and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using photodiode array detection is established for the simultaneous quantitation of important root alkaloids of Rauvolfia serpentina, namely, reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine. A Chromolith Performance RP-18e column (100 x 4.6-mm i.d.) and a binary gradient mobile phase composed of 0.01 M (pH 3.5) phosphate buffer (NaH(2)PO(4)) containing 0.5% glacial acetic acid and acetonitrile are used. Analysis is run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the detector operated at a wavelength of 254 nm. The calibration curves are linear over a concentration range of 1-20 microg/mL (r = 1.000) for all the alkaloids. The various other aspects of analysis (i.e., peak purity, similarity, recovery, and repeatability) are also validated. For the three components, the recoveries are found to be 98.27%, 97.03%, and 98.38%, respectively. The limits of detection are 6, 4, and 8 microg/mL for ajmaline, ajmalicine, and reserpine, respectively, and the limits of quantitation are 19, 12, and 23 microg/mL for ajmaline, ajmalicine, and reserpine, respectively. The developed method is simple, reproducible, and easy to operate. It is useful for the evaluation of R. serpentina.

Fatal poisoning with detajmium: identification of detajmium and its metabolites and artifacts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography.

After ingestion of an unknown dose of detajmium, a 14-year-old female collapsed with asystolia. Resuscitation efforts were not successful. A medicolegal autopsy was carried out, and blood, liver and gastric content were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After derivatization with acetic anhydride, detajmium and twelve of its derivatives and metabolites were identified. The main metabolic pathways include hydroxylation and subsequent O-methylation of the indol ring, and oxidation as well as reduction of the C-21 hydroxyl function. Cleavage of the N-alkyl side-chain is a further, possibly non-enzymatic degradation pathway. Artifact formation induced by acetylation included dehydratation of the hydroxyl function of C-21 and the N-alkyl side-chain. The detajmium concentration in blood of the decreased was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (12 micrograms/ml).

Determination of lorajmine and its metabolite ajmaline in plasma and urine by a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method.

Lorajmine is a monochloroacetyl derivative of ajmaline with electrophysiological properties somewhat different from those of the compound of origin. Since lorajmine is rapidly hydrolyzed to ajmaline by plasma and tissue esterases, it is crucial to measure plasma levels of both drugs separately. A major problem in assaying lorajmine is its chemical instability in plasma both after blood sampling and during the extraction procedure. Furthermore, lorajmine (unlike ajmaline) is not fluorescent and has a very low UV absorbance, so the standard detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography cannot be used. We describe a new method that solves the problems of instability and sensitivity. Plasma esterases are first blocked pharmacologically (neostigmine); ajmaline is then measured by direct on-column injection of samples. Last, lorajmine is completely converted to ajmaline, extracted, and measured with a fluorescence detector. The molar concentration of ajmaline obtained in the last step, minus that found by direct injection, gives the concentration of lorajmine. Some examples of pharmacokinetic applications are also given.

An infant fatality involving ajmaline.

An infant fatality following accidental ingestion of ajmaline is described. Ajmaline was determined by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry, and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. The ajmaline concentration in blood was 5.5 micrograms/mL. The toxicological data relevant to the interpretation of case findings are presented.

[On a case of a repidly proceeding lethal intoxication due to n-propylajmalium bitartrate (author's transl]. / Uber eine rasch tödlich verlaufene Vergiftung mit Prajmaliumbitartrat.

A case of N-Propylajmalinum bitartrate intoxication (Neo-Gilurytmal) is reported in which the death occurred within 20 minutes after the consumption of the drug. The quantitative estimation of the drug after isolation using Extrelut--columns was carried out in stomach spectrometrically, in the blood, bile, liver, kidney, and brain by gaschromatography after trifluoroacetylation. A high Prajmalium-bitartrate concentration was found in the blood (3,85 mg/l), negative results in bile and brain, low levels in liver (0,29 mg/kg wet weight) and kidney (0,06 mg/kg wet weight). Prajmalium-bitartrate was ingested together with beer, and a blood alcohol concentration of 0.061% was determined. Furthermore, a quantity corresponding to six tablets of Neo-Gilurytmal was still found in the stomach. The rapid fatal progress of the intoxication is explained as a strong effect of the drug on the heart due to the alcohol accelerated resorption of the substance.

Suicide by an overdosage of N-propylajmalinium bitartrate.

The toxicological findings after suicidal poisoning with N-propylajmalinium bitartrate (NPAB) are presented. For isolation of NPAB the biological material was homogenized and the drug was isolated by adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2. After column chromatographic purification on Sephadex LH-20 quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography of the trifluoroacetate. The identity of the material finally obtained was checked by various chromatographic and spectrometric methods. The following concentrations of NPAB were found: liver 58 microgram/g, kidney 32 microgram/g, brain 16 microgram/g, muscle less than 10 microgram/g, heart less than 5 microgram/g, blood less than 5 microgram/g, gastric contents 600 mg (total). 1200 mg of NPAB had been swallowed; thus the amount of NPAB, that had crossed into blood, was approx. 500-600 mg corresponding to a dose of 9-11 mg/kg body weight.

Alkaloids of Vinca species V: structure elucidation of herbadine, an alkaloid isolated from Vinca libanotica.

Herbadine, a novel dihydroindole alkaloid, was isolated from the arterial parts of Vinca libanotica Zucc. (Apocynaceae). The physical and spectral data (UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy) indicated the alkaloid to be a derivative of aimaline. Comparative high-resolution NMR studies with quebrachidine and high-resolution mass spectral studies established the structure of the alkaloid to be 2-epi-3-hydroxyquebrachidine. Herbadine was previously isolated from another species by Russian workers and a structure was postulated. The current paper gives evidence for a corrected structure of herbadine.