Alfabetización en e-Salud en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 al sur del Perú / E-Health Literacy In Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Southern Peru

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la alta morbimortalidad asociada a sus complicaciones cardiovasculares, renales y neurológicas. Los estudios muestran que la prevalencia de diabetes en el Perú ha aumentado y se registra una incidencia de dos casos por cada cien personas al año. (1) El uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) como aplicaciones móviles, web, redes sociales, y contenidos multimedia para el manejo de la diabetes es cada vez más frecuente aunque la efectividad de estas es aún controversial. (2) En Perú, se encontró un uso poco frecuente (menos del 20 por ciento) de las TIC en pacientes diabéticos. (3, 4) Este uso poco frecuente probablemente se deba a al limitado acceso a estas tecnologías por los costos que implica aunque cada vez los precios son más bajos, otra posible explicación es la insuficiente o nula alfabetización digital. Ningún estudio ha evaluado el nivel de alfabetización en e-Salud o alfabetización digital en salud de pacientes dentro del contexto peruano. El objetivo fue evaluar de forma exploratoria la alfabetización en e-Salud en un grupo de pacientes diabéticos(AU)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with its cardiovascular, renal and neurological complications. Studies show that the prevalence of diabetes in Peru has increased and there is an incidence of two cases per hundred people per year. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile applications, web, social networks, and multimedia content for diabetes management is increasingly frequent, although their effectiveness is still controversial. In Peru, infrequent use (less than 20 percent) of ICT was found in diabetic patients. This infrequent use is probably due to the limited access to these technologies due to the costs involved, although prices are increasingly lower, another possible explanation is insufficient or no digital literacy. No study has evaluated the level of e-Health literacy or digital health literacy of patients within the Peruvian context. The objective was to evaluate in exploratory way e-Health literacy in a group of diabetic patients(AU)

Exploring skill requirements for the Industry 4.0: a worker-oriented approach / Explorando habilidades requeridas para la Industria 4.0: Un enfoque orientado al trabajador

Emerging technologies are shaping the world of work, thus creating an increasingly digital industry, also known as “Industry 4.0”. Thus, examining skill requirements becomes essential to facilitate organizational adaptation to this technological revolution. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of skill requirements of workers of a highly technological manufacturing company. In Study 1 (n = 671), an exploratory factor analysis was carried out to identify relevant groups of skills. A year later, in Study 2 (n = 176), we confirmed the factor structure through a confirmatory factor analysis and we conducted a latent growth curve analysis to examine potential changes of the previous skill requirements due to the lockdown and the forced remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings showed that cognitive, functional business, strategic and managing people skills are considered as important resources for the industry 4.0, being the functional business skills increasingly relevant in time 2. Moreover, we identified differences between managers and subordinates regarding such skills. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for skills development in the digital age.(AU)

Tecnologías emergentes están dando forma al mundo del trabajo, creando así una industria cada vez más digital, también conocida como "Industria 4.0". Por tanto, examinar el requirimiento de habilidades se vuelve esencial para facilitar la adaptación organizacional a esta revolución tecnológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la percepción de las habilidades requeridas por los trabajadores de una empresa manufacturera altamente tecnológica. En el Estudio 1 (n = 671), se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar grupos relevantes de habilidades. Un año después, en el Estudio 2 (n = 176), confirmamos la estructural factorial a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio y realizamos un análisis de curva de crecimiento latente para examinar posibles cambios en las habilidades requeridas debido al confinamiento y el trabajo remoto forzado durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Los resultados mostraron que las habilidades cognitivas, funcionales del negocio, estratégicas y de gestión de personas se consideran recursos importantes para la industria 4.0, siendo las habilidades funcionales del negocio más relevantes en el tiempo 2. Además, identificamos diferencias entre gerentes y subordinados con respecto a tales habilidades. Discutimos las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el desarrollo de habilidades en la era digital.(AU)

Módulo educativo en ambiente virtual de aprendizaje en Diabetes Mellitus / Educational module in a virtual learning environment on Diabetes Mellitus / Módulo educativo em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los profesionales de enfermería necesitan ser capacitados y cualificados para atender a las personas con diabetes y uno de los aspectos considerado como fundamental para esa capacitación es el conocimiento de los recursos tecnológicos indicados para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como informática, internet, hipermedia, multimedia, y las diversas herramientas de interacción y comunicación. OBJETIVOS: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron desarrollar un módulo educativo sobre pie diabético en Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje - AVA en la plataforma Moodle para estudiantes de enfermería y someter el programa a la evaluación de los alumnos. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado con 31 estudiantes. El módulo educativo fue desarrollado como curso distribuido en cuatro capítulos versando sobre pie diabético. Después del curso los alumnos evaluaron el módulo utilizando instrumento validado conteniendo aspectos pedagógicos (contenido, interacción y actividades) y aspecto técnico (calidad de la interfaz) del AVA. RESULTADOS: Las características obtenidas consideradas como favorables al aprendizaje fueron "contenido" (91,6%), "actividades" (85,8%) y "calidad de la interfaz" (89,7%). La característica "interacción" fue la que obtuvo menor índice (52,7%). CONCLUSIÓN: Considerando la mayoría de las características evaluadas, concluimos que Moodle se mostró una herramienta eficaz de enseñanza. En cuanto a la característica "interacción", es necesario perfeccionar las cuestiones que afectan a las actividades programadas, estas son el foro y chat para propiciar una mayor relación entre los participantes

INTRODUCTION: Nursing professionals need to be trained and qualified to care for people with diabetes, where one of the aspects considered as fundamental for this training is the knowledge of the technological resources indicated for the development of the teaching-learning process, such as computer science, internet, hypermedia, multimedia, besides the various tools of interaction and communication. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to develop an educational module about diabetic foot in a Virtual Learning Environment - VLE in the Moodle platform for nursing students and to submit the program to the evaluation of the students. METHOD: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out with 31 students. The educational module was developed as a course distributed in four chapters dealing with diabetic foot. After the course, the students evaluated the module using a validated instrument containing pedagogical aspects (content, interaction and activities) and technical aspect (interface quality) of VLE. RESULTS: The characteristics that were considered favorable to learning were "content" (91.6%), "activities" (85.8%) and "interface quality" (89.7%). The "interaction" characteristic was the one that obtained the lowest rate (52.7%). CONCLUSION: By considering most of the evaluated characteristics, we conclude that Moodle has proved to be an effective teaching tool. Regarding the "interaction" characteristic, it is necessary to improve the questions that involve the scheduled activities, such as forum and chat, in order to provide a greater relationship among the participants

INTRODUÇÃO: Os profissionais de enfermagem necessitam ser capacitados e qualificados para o atendimento às pessoas com diabetes e um dos aspectos considerado como fundamental para essa capacitação é o conhecimento dos recursos tecnológicos indicados para o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, como informática, internet, hipermídia, multimídia, e as diversas ferramentas de interação e comunicação. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver um módulo educativo sobre pé diabético em Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem - AVA na plataforma Moodle para estudantes de enfermagem e submeter o programa à avaliação dos alunos. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, realizado com 31 estudantes. O módulo educativo foi desenvolvido como curso distribuído em quatro capítulos versando sobre pé diabético. Após o curso os alunos avaliaram o módulo utilizando-se instrumento validado contendo aspectos pedagógicos (conteúdo, interação e atividades) e aspecto técnico (qualidade da interface) do AVA. RESULTADOS: As características obtidas consideradas como favoráveis à aprendizagem foram "conteúdo" (91,6%), "atividades" (85,8%) e "qualidade da interface" (89,7%). A característica "interação" foi a que obteve menor índice (52,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Considerando-se a maioria das características avaliadas, concluímos que o Moodle se mostrou uma ferramenta eficaz de ensino. Já em relação à característica "interação", torna-se necessário aprimorar as questões que envolvam as atividades programadas, tais como fórum e chat para propiciar uma maior relação entre os participantes

La formación en competencias digitales de los profesionales de la salud en el lugar de trabajo / On-the-job digital competence training for health professionals

Internet ha transformado la forma en la que las bibliotecas de ciencias de la salud ofrecen información a los profesionales y ciudadanos y ha dado lugar a un debate sobre las funciones y competencias que las bibliotecas deben desempeñar en el siglo XXI. El rol del bibliotecario clínico como formador está jugando un papel relevante como experto en el manejo de la información, de los canales y de los flujos de información. En el área de Gestión Sanitaria Este de Málaga se realizó un diagnóstico sobre hábitos de lectura y escritura de los profesionales del área de Salud. Se detectó un uso deficiente de las herramientas, los recursos, los canales de difusión y la distribución de la información. Para corregir estas carencias, se diseñó un programa formativo para la consecución de las competencias digitales básicas propuestas en el Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea sobre Competencias Digitales. El objetivo fue diseñar, implementar y evaluar un programa formativo acorde con las directrices del marco europeo de competencias digitales. Se usaron las plataformas docentes del área sanitaria, así como herramientas de edición, distribución y comunicación que se incluyeron en las actividades de entrenamiento con la finalidad de "aprender haciendo". Se concluye que las competencias digitales deberían estar consideradas como competencias trasversales en el diseño curricular de los profesionales de la salud. Poseer estas competencias permitirá a los profesionales desenvolverse de manera eficiente en el contexto de la e-Salud y de manera plena en la Sociedad del Conocimiento(AU)

The Internet has changed the way in which health sciences libraries offer information to professionals and citizens at large, giving rise to a debate about the functions and competences that libraries should have in the 21st century. The clinical librarian as trainer currently plays a relevant role as an expert in information management, as well as in information channels and flows. An evaluation was conducted of reading and writing habits among professionals from the East of Málaga Health Management Area. Results showed a poor use of tools, resources, dissemination channels and information distribution. With the purpose of correcting such deficiencies, a training program was designed to develop the basic digital competences proposed in the European Union's Horizon 2020 program. The aim of the study was to design, implement and evaluate a training program based on the guidelines of the European Digital Competence Framework. Use was made of the teaching platforms of the health area, alongside editing, distribution and communication tools, which were included in the training to foster "learning by doing". It is concluded that digital competences should be viewed as cross-sectional competences in the curricular design of health professionals. A command of such competences will allow professionals to work efficiently in the context of eHealth and the knowledge society(AU)

Citizens' use of digital media to connect with health care: Socio-ethical and regulatory implications.

Digital technologies promise to transform practices of health, medicine and health care and 'power' economies. In expectation of their presumed future benefits, governments in recent years have invested heavily in new technology initiatives and have sought to engender 'digital literacy' among citizens. This article introduces papers and expands on themes arising from a special issue that explores the socio-ethical and regulatory implications of citizens' use of digital media to connect with health care. We set the scene by examining the promissory discourse that attaches to digital technologies as applied to health care, and its role in shaping actions, and then consider the longer term prospects and implications of digitalisation for conceptions of citizenship and established categories and distinctions. As we argue, given the history of new technologies, the longer term implications of digitalisation are likely to differ significantly from those envisaged. Digital technologies promise radical positive disruption. Yet many uncertainties accompany their development and future applications and likely implications. Making reference to papers in the special issue and the wider literature, the article considers the prospects of digitalisation in medicine and health care in light of the colonisation of the Internet by powerful technology companies, the shift in capitalist economies from processes of production to technologies of prediction, evidence of inequalities in access to the Internet and related devices, and the growing number of data breaches involving personal health information. We draw attention to the failure of governments to engage citizens in substantive deliberations about digitalisation and its future potential implications and the ultimate democratic deficit that this represents. We ask, what does it mean to 'regulate' digital media in a context in which data are widely viewed as the 'new oil'? While we have no straightforward answers, we suggest that recent legislative efforts (e.g. General Data Protection Regulation in Europe) and growing calls for 'algorithmic accountability' have the potential to temper the more harmful aspects of digitalisation.

Nursing Leadership in the Fully Digital Practice Realm.

In the fully digital practice realm, a new relationship has emerged between nurses, patients and technology. Nursing leadership in this unique practice setting requires new and enhanced skills, knowledge and abilities. Maintaining the principles of patient and family centredness, attentiveness to nurses' concerns regarding workflows and involvement of nurses in the design of technologies is critical for creating a safe, professional practice environment in the fully digital hospital. Technology cannot replace the humanness of caring. Mindfulness of the digital impact on the therapeutic relationship is necessary. Competency in technology is the new proficiency that nursing leaders will need to acquire.

Alfabetización para la salud, más que información / Health literacy, more than information

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Developing Digital and Media Literacies in Children and Adolescents.

In today's global culture and economy, in which individuals have access to information at their fingertips at all times, digital and media literacy are essential to participate in society. But what specific competencies must young citizens acquire? How do these competencies influence pedagogy? How are student knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors changed? What are the best ways to assess students' digital and media literacy? These questions underscore what parents, educators, health professionals, and community leaders need to know to ensure that youth become digitally and media literate. Experimental and pilot programs in the digital and media literacy fields are yielding insights, but gaps in understanding and lack of support for research and development continue to impede growth in these areas. Learning environments no longer depend on seat time in factory-like school settings. Learning happens anywhere, anytime, and productivity in the workplace depends on digital and media literacy. To create the human capital necessary for success and sustainability in a technology-driven world, we must invest in the literacy practices of our youth. In this article, we make recommendations for research and policy priorities.

Un puente frente a la brecha digital / Bridging the Digital Divide

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The Evolution of Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom in Nursing Informatics.

The data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) model has been widely adopted in nursing informatics. In this article, we examine the evolution of DIKW in nursing informatics while incorporating critiques from other disciplines. This includes examination of assumptions of linearity and hierarchy and an exploration of the implicit philosophical grounding of the model. Two guiding questions are considered: (1) Does DIKW serve clinical information systems, nurses, or both? and (2) What level of theory does DIKW occupy? The DIKW model has been valuable in advancing the independent field of nursing informatics. We offer that if the model is to continue to move forward, its role and functions must be explicitly addressed.

Adapting Telemonitoring Technology Use for Older Adults: A Pilot Study.

Telehealth technologies are increasing health care access for patients in the home and in community, rural, and underserved areas. Older adults may be challenged to use new technologies due to aging-related changes, lack of experience, and different attitudes toward their use. The current pilot study evaluated potential issues in one-on-one training/instructions and use of a telemonitoring application. Older adults may benefit from specific adaptations and training to use new health care technologies, and behavioral coding is an effective way to evaluate the user interface for new technologies. Feedback from the current study will be used to adapt the application and training to support dementia caregivers.

El valor de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) en la vejez / The vaqlue of information and communications technology in aging

En la actualidad, adquirir, manejar, difundir y comprender la información a través de las nuevas tecnologías constituye un aspecto muy importante en la vida cotidiana. Se puede buscar y almacenar información, pero también difundirla. El manejo adecuado de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), constituye un aspecto positivo en nuestra vida diaria, pero no llega a todos por igual. Las dificultades que presentan los mayores a la hora de adaptarse a las TIC aumentan por el carácter novedoso y desconocido que presentan, lo que genera resistencia por parte del anciano y aumenta así el riesgo de desigualdad y de exclusión social. El valor de las TIC en la vejez radica en la mejora del autoaprendizaje y el desarrollo personal, así como en la promoción de la participación, la integración social y el envejecimiento saludable (AU)

Nowadays, acquiring, managing, disseminating and understanding information through new technologies is an important aspect of our daily life. We can search for and store information, but we can also spread it. The proper handling of information and communications technology (TICs) is beneficial, but does not reach all alike. The difficulties posed by the elderly when adapting to TICs are increased by the fact that they are unknown and unfamiliar to them, resulting in rejection from the elderly and thus an increased risk of inequality and social exclusion. TICs value in aging lies in the improvement of self-learning and personal development as well as in promoting participation, social integration and healthy aging (AU)

La formación en las especialidades del laboratorio clínico y el compromiso profesional / Specialty training in clinical laboratory and professional commitment

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Transforming students into digital academics: a challenge at both the individual and the institutional level.

BACKGROUND: Little is known of students' Information and Communication Technology (ICT) readiness in a learning context. Information about students' capabilities and resources is an important prerequisite for designing meaningful teaching and learning activities that engage and motivate students. To learn about health science students' usage of digital equipment, familiarity with software, online behavior and communication with the university, we have conducted a survey focusing on these areas. METHODS: A digital questionnaire was sent to 9134 health science students, of whom 1165 responded (12.8%). RESULTS: Almost all students owned a laptop (98.3%) and a smartphone (86.5%) and used these for internet access. The students were most familiar with typical office programs like word processing and spread sheets. Students used social media in their private lives but to a lesser extent in relation to their studies; they also experienced that their teachers made limited use of these media. The most commonly used tool for working with fellow students was email (80%) and for communication, SMS (47.6%). An age difference was found in relation to the way students communicated with each other. The mean age of chat users was 23.8 (Standard deviation 3.7) years, SMS users, 25 (Standard deviation 4.2) years and email users, 27.9 (Standard deviation 6.5) years. Over half of the students (53.4%) found that the degree of ICT incorporated in the teaching and learning activities was insufficient to provide them with the skills necessary in their future profession. CONCLUSIONS: Although a large percentage of the students had access to the internet, reported familiarity with basic software and used online services in their private lives, they were unfamiliar with the software and services they were expected to use in their studies. The students experienced that teachers did not use internet resources, which apparently influenced their perception of the importance of, and thereby their usage of, these services. The way the younger students communicate differs from the way communication takes place at the university, and it is recommended that the institutions should look into how they can meet the students in ways they are familiar with.