The protective effect of erythropoietin on ischemia- reperfusion injury caused by ovarian torsion-detorsion in the experimental rat model.

Ovarian torsion is one of the most dangerous gynecological emergencies requiring surgery. A total of 50%-90% ovarian torsion cases are caused by physiological cysts, endometriosis, and other benign or malignant ovarian neoplasms. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment on ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury caused by ovarian torsion/detorsion (T/D) injury. Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups as follows: Group I: Control; Group II: Torsion (T); Group III: Torsion/Detorsion(T/D); Group IV: Torsion/Detorsion (T/D) + EPO; Group V: EPO. Sections of the ovaries were evaluated for histopathological changes with hematoxylin and eosin stain, a immunohistochemical assay for caspase 3 expression, and the TUNEL assay for apoptosis. Ovarian sections from torsion/detorsion and torsion groups showed more hemorrhage, vascular congestion, edema, degenerative granulosa, and stromal cells. Fewer histopathological changes were found in EPO and T/D + EPO groups. Caspase 3 and TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased in the torsion/detorsion group as compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Treatment with erythropoietin decreased the number of caspase 3 and TUNEL positive cells. The results of the study showed that erythropoietin administration is effective for recovery from degenerative changes in the ovary induced by the torsion-detorsion injury.

Investigation of the role of rosmarinic acid treatment in regulating inflammation, cell damage, and angiogenesis in rat ovarian torsion and detorsion models.

PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. METHODS: Wistar female rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion with RA. Rosmarinic acid was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage three hours after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in the ovary tissue homogenates for each rat. RESULTS: In the ischemia-reperfusion with RA group, the epithelial cells are regularly regulated at the periphery, and the degenerative changes in preantral and antral follicle cells are reduced. Follicle cells and cells in the corpus luteum showed a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, while VEGF demonstrated a positive reaction in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. The TNF-α expression due to the decreased degenerative effect and inflammation was positive in the macrophage cells. The expression of caspase-3 as an apoptosis change was negative in antral follicle cells and granular cells around the antral follicle. CONCLUSION: Different doses of RA may be useful in preventing ischemic damage after vascularization, inflammation, and apoptotic development after ischemia/reperfusion.

Optimal Blood Pressure Control Improves Left Ventricular Torsional Deformation and Vascular Function in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensives: a 3-Year Follow-up Study.

We investigated the effects of optimizing blood pressure control on cardiac deformation and vascular function. For this purpose, in 200 untreated patients with essential hypertension, we assessed at baseline as well as after 3 years of optimal blood pressure control: arterial stiffness and coronary microcirculatory function as well as longitudinal and torsional deformation parameters. Compared to baseline, after 3 years of optimal blood pressure control, there was an improvement of longitudinal strain, twisting as well as untwisting parameters of the left ventricle. In parallel, there was an improvement in coronary microcirculatory function, arterial stiffness, left ventricular mass, and ventricular-arterial interaction. The reduction of arterial stiffness was independently associated with the respective improvement of cardiac deformation markers and coronary flow reserve after adjusting for blood pressure improvement. Blood pressure optimization improves LV longitudinal and torsional mechanics in hypertensives in parallel with arterial stiffness, resulting in improved ventricular-arterial interaction and coronary flow reserve. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02346695.

Protective effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in testicular torsion/detorsion in rats: a possible role of HIF-1α and nitric oxide.

Spermatic cord torsion is a serious and common urologic emergency. It requires early diagnosis for prevention of subfertility and testicular necrosis. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are anti-diabetic drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have a protective role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in a model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury by testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testicular T/D was done and vildagliptin and sitagliptin were administered either alone or in combination with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Serum total cholesterol and testosterone were measured, while in testicular tissue testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide level, caspase-3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were measured. Histopathology of testicular tissue was done. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin increased serum testosterone, expression, and activity of SOD and testicular TAC. It also reduced total serum cholesterol, testicular MDA, caspase-3, HIF-1α, TNF-α, and expression of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin also improved histopathological picture of testicular tissue. NOS inhibitor produced similar result to DDP-4 inhibitors; however, its co-administration augmented the effect of vildagliptin and sitagliptin on these parameters. DPP-4 inhibitors, vildagliptin, and sitagliptin were protective against testicular T/D-induced injury mostly by anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions that was augmented by NOS inhibition with a possible role for HIF-1α expression.

Investigation of the role of rosmarinic acid treatment in regulating inflammation, cell damage, and angiogenesis in rat ovarian torsion and detorsion models

Abstract Purpose To investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Methods Wistar female rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion with RA. Rosmarinic acid was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage three hours after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in the ovary tissue homogenates for each rat. Results In the ischemia-reperfusion with RA group, the epithelial cells are regularly regulated at the periphery, and the degenerative changes in preantral and antral follicle cells are reduced. Follicle cells and cells in the corpus luteum showed a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, while VEGF demonstrated a positive reaction in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. The TNF-α expression due to the decreased degenerative effect and inflammation was positive in the macrophage cells. The expression of caspase-3 as an apoptosis change was negative in antral follicle cells and granular cells around the antral follicle. Conclusion Different doses of RA may be useful in preventing ischemic damage after vascularization, inflammation, and apoptotic development after ischemia/reperfusion.

Effects of Carnosine and Vitamin E on Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1, Ghrelin, Adropin, and Irisin in Experimentally Induced Ovarian Torsion.

INTRODUCTION: Delay in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion leads to serious histopathological changes and many problems, including infertility. Various agents have been investigated to minimize detorsion-associated potential injury. This study was performed to study the effects of carnosine and vitamin E on tissue and serum expression of Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1, ghrelin, adropin, and irisin to determine whether they have protective effects in cases of ovarian torsion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seventy-eight rats were allocated evenly into 13 groups. All rats, excluding those in the control and sham groups and Groups (G) III, IV, and V, were subjected to ovarian torsion for 12 hours. The groups were designated as follows: G-I (control), G-II (sham), G-III (vitamin E), G-IV (carnosine), G-V (carnosine + vitamin E), G-VI (torsion), G-VII (torsion + detorsion), G-VIII (torsion + vitamin E), G-IX (torsion + carnosine), G-X (torsion + carnosine + vitamin E), G-XI (torsion + detorsion + vitamin E), G-XII (torsion + detorsion + carnosine), and G-XIII (torsion + detorsion + carnosine + vitamin E). Serum levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, ghrelin, adropin, and irisin were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical methods were used to measure the expression of these hormones in ovarian tissue. RESULTS: The levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity were increased in G-VII, G-XI, and G-XII (p<0.05). The immunoreactivity of ghrelin was significantly decreased in G-VI, G-IX, G-XI, and G-XII. However, adropin immunoreactivity did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05). The level of irisin immunoreactivity was decreased in G-VI, G-VII, and G-VIII (p<0.05). The serum levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, ghrelin, adropin, and irisin paralleled the tissue immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSION: Carnosine and vitamin E protected the ovaries from ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian torsion. These antioxidants, especially carnosine, may be useful for the treatment of ovarian torsion.

Autonomic changes induced by provocative motion in rats bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior: Paradoxical responses in LAB animals.

In humans, associations between anxiety and nausea (including motion-induced) are reported but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Hypothermia is proposed to be an index of nausea in rats. Utilising hypothermia and heart rate as outcome measures we investigated the response to provocative motion in rats selectively bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviors and in non-selected (NAB) rats to further elucidate the potential relationship between hypothermia and nausea-like state. Core temperature and electrocardiogram were monitored in each group (n=10 per group) using telemetry, with or without circular motion (40min; 0.75Hz) and vehicle or diazepam (2mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment. Heart rate and time- and frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability were derived from the electrocardiogram. There was no baseline difference in core temperature between the three groups (mean 38.0±0.1°C), but HAB animals had a significantly lower resting heart rate (330±7bpm) compared to LAB (402±5bpm) and NAB (401±9bpm). Animals in all groups exhibited hypothermia during motion (HAB: 36.3±0.1°C; NAB: 36.4±0.1°C; LAB: 34.9±0.2°C) with the magnitude (area under the curve, AUC) of the response during 40-min motion being greater in LAB compared to NAB and HAB rats, and this was also the case for the motion-induced bradycardia. Diazepam had minimal effects on baseline temperature and heart rate in all groups, but significantly reduced the hypothermia response (AUC) to motion in all groups by ~30%. Breeding for extremes in anxiety-related behavior unexpectedly selects animals with low trait anxiety that have enhanced bradycardia and hypothermic responses to motion; consequently, this animal model appears to be not suitable for exploring relationships between anxiety and autonomic correlates of nausea. Thermal and cardiovascular responses to motion were little different between HAB and NAB rats indicating that either hypothermia is not an index of a nausea-like state in rats, or that the positive correlation between anxiety and nausea demonstrated in humans does not exist in rats. The mechanism underlying the enhanced physiological responses in LAB requires more detailed study and may provide a novel model to investigate factors modulating motion sensitivity.

Protective effects of ellagic acid and ozone on rat ovaries with an ischemia/reperfusion injury.

AIM: This study investigated the effects of the antioxidant agents, ozone (O) and ellagic acid (EA), on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries developed from an ovarian torsion-detorsion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arteries in the left ovaries of rats were clamped for two hours to achieve torsion, and then the clamps were removed for a two-hour detorsion period. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control: administered only with anesthesia, rats were not subjected to torsion-detorsion; I/R: subjected to torsion and subsequent detorsion, without administering any treatment agent; and I/R + EA, I/R + O and I/R + O + EA: subjected to torsion and detorsion processes and administered with EA, O or EA + O at the 75th minute of torsion. The rats were then sacrificed under general anesthesia and the ovarian tissues were excised. The tissues were homogenized and levels of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Tissue damage was evaluated in terms of histopathological parameters, such as hemorrhage, congestion, edema and inflammation. RESULTS: Antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA levels in the ovary tissue increased in the I/R group and decreased in the O, EA and O + EA groups (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that tissue damage in the O, EA and O + EA groups decreased in comparison with the I/R group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These biochemical and histopathological findings suggest that EA and O are effective against ovarian I/R injury.

Protective effect of colchicine on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of colchicine in the experimental rat ovarian torsion model in the light of histological and biochemical data. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 35 Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, group 1: (control-sham operated, n = 7); group 2: (torsion/detorsion, n = 7) 2 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion; group 3: (torsion/detorsion, n = 7), 2 hours of ischemia and 5 days of reperfusion; group 4: (torsion/detorsion, n = 7) 2 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion and a signal dose of oral 1 mL/kg colchicine; and group 5: (torsion/detorsion, n = 7), 2 hours of ischemia and 5 days of reperfusion and 5 days of oral 1 mg/kg colchicine. Histopathologic evaluation was performed by a scoring that assesses congestion, bleeding, edema, and cellular degeneration in the ovarian tissue. Catalase, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl levels were calculated. RESULTS: The histopathologic scores, MDA, and protein carbonyl levels in the control and colchicine groups were significantly lower than groups 2 and 3 (P < .001). Catalase activities were significantly higher in the control and colchicine groups than in groups 2 and 3 (P < .001). The results of the histopathologic parameters and biochemical markers showed that protective effects of colchicine treatment persisted up to 5 days. CONCLUSION: Our study results revealed that colchicine reduced ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental rat ovarian torsion model. As the ovarian detorsion is the first choice of the treatment modality in the early phase, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment modalities like colchicine might be used to reduce ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effect of detorsion alone and in combination with enoxaparin therapy on ovarian reserve and serum antimüllerian hormone levels in a rat ovarian torsion model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of enoxaparin on ovarian reserve and serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels in a rat ovarian torsion model. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Experimental surgery laboratory in a training and research hospital. ANIMAL(S): Fourteen female Wistar Hannover rats. INTERVENTION(S): 1) Control group received no special treatment other than abdominal exposure; 2) detorsion-only group received bilateral adnexal torsion (3-hour ischemia), and then after 3-hour torsion period, detorsion (reperfusion) was performed; and 3) detorsion-enoxaparin group received 0.5 mg/kg enoxaparin subcutaneously 2 hours before the same surgery as the detorsion-only group and a second 0.5 mg/kg dose of enoxaparin 24 hours after the first surgeries. Apart from the surgeries, preoperative and postoperative 1-mL blood samples were drawn from the right jugular vein of each rat. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Preoperative and postoperative serum AMH levels, histopathologic damage scores, and follicle counts in the ovarian tissue of the rats. RESULT(S): Vascular congestion and hemorrhage scores were higher in the detorsion-enoxaparin group than in the detorsion-only and control groups. The number of small antral follicles was smaller in the detorsion-only group than in the control group. The difference in the pre- and postoperative AMH levels was higher in the detorsion-only group than in the control and detorsion-enoxaparin groups. CONCLUSION(S): The combination of enoxaparin therapy with conventional ovarian detorsion is more effective in protecting the ovarian reserve than detorsion alone.

Atorvastatin for ovarian torsion: effects on follicle counts, AMH, and VEGF expression.

OBJECTIVE(S): To determine if atorvastatin protects ovarian follicles against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and to determine how anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression is altered. STUDY DESIGN: This experimental study was conducted at the Baskent University Animal Research Laboratory. Forty-four rats were arbitrarily assigned into four groups of 11 rats each. The control group underwent a laparotomy. The atorvastatin group received atorvastatin (10mg/kg/day), by oral gavage 7 days before and 7 days after the sham operation. The torsion group had bilateral torsion and detorsion of the ovaries. The atorvastatin+torsion group received atorvastatin (10mg/kg/day) 7 days before and 7 days after the torsion/detorsion operation. At day 7, the animals were euthanized and their ovaries were removed. Ovarian follicles were counted, and AMH and VEGF-A expression was determined. The Kruskal-Wallis, χ(2), or Fisher's exact test were used when appropriate. RESULTS: Primordial follicles (p=0.001), VEGF-A expression (p=0.018) and vascularization (p=0.02) were significantly higher in the atorvastatin group compared to controls. Primordial (p=0.002), primary (p=0.001), and secondary follicles (p=0.001), AMH expression (p=0.001), and vascularization (p=0.001) were lower in the torsion group compared with the control group. Primordial follicles (p=0.001), AMH (p=0.001) and VEGFA expression (p=0.001), and vascularization (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the atorvastatin+torsion group compared to the torsion group. CONCLUSION(S): Atorvastatin increased the primordial follicle pool and vascularization and protected primordial follicles and vascular structures against I/R injury.

Attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury with Marrubium cordatum treatment in ovarian torsion-detorsion model in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of Marrubium cordatum extract on ovary torsion-detorsion. DESIGN: Controlled research study. SETTING: Marrubium cordatum extract was obtained by methanol extraction. ANIMAL(S): Six-month-old female New Zealand rabbits. INTERVENTION(S): In the first phase, antioxidant activity of M. cordatum extract was evaluated. In the second phase, M. cordatum extract at doses of 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg was studied for dose determination. In the third phase, the protective role of M. cordatum on ovarian torsion-detorsion injury was evaluated in sham control, torsion-detorsion, torsion-detorsion +M. cordatum (1,000 mg/kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity, and total phenolic compounds were assayed. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Histopathological examination was also conducted. RESULT(S): Marrubium cordatum significantly inhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radicals, and showed a powerful reducing activity. Marrubium cordatum did not adversely affect biochemical and histopathological parameters at all doses. Malondialdehyde level and catalase activity in the torsion-detorsion group were significantly increased compared with those of the sham group, whereas the glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly decreased compared with those of the sham group. Marrubium cordatum treatment significantly lowered the malondialdehyde level and catalase activity but increased the glutathione level in torsion-detorsion injury. Histopathologically, severe congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and leukocyte infiltration were observed in the torsion-detorsion group. Marrubium cordatum treatment ameliorated these alterations. CONCLUSION(S): Marrubium cordatum attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations.

Protective effect of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rat model.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rats. METHODS: Forty rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: group I (sham, S), sham operation; group II (torsion/detorsion 1, T/D(1)), 3 hours ischemia and 1 hour reperfusion; group III (torsion/detorsion 2, T/D(2)), 3 hours ischemia and 48 hours reperfusion; group IV (erythropoietin 1, EPO(1)), 3 hours ischemia, 1 hour reperfusion, and a single dose of EPO; and group V (erythropoietin 2, EPO(2)), 3 hours ischemia, 48 hours reperfusion, and 2 doses of EPO. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. Tissue damage to ovarian tissue was scored by histologic examination. Data were compared among groups with parametric tests. RESULTS: The MDA levels in the S and EPO groups were significantly lower than the T/D groups (P < .001). Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and NO levels in the S and EPO groups were significantly higher than in the T/D groups (P < .05). Ovarian tissue damage in the S and EPO groups was significantly less than in the T/D groups (P < .05). Levels of all biochemical markers and ovarian tissue damage scores were similar among the S, EPO(1), and EPO(2) groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Erythropoietin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury when given during the acute phase of ovarian torsion-detorsion in a rat model.

[Epiploic appendagitis, an ignored diagnosis]. / L'appendagite épiploïque. Un diagnostic méconnu.

Epiploic appendagitis is the term used to describe the inflammation of an epiploic appendage. These small masses of fat distributed along the colon, from the caecum to the recto-sigmoid junction can inflammate by torsion, spontaneously or secondarily with the inflammation of an anatomical structure in the neighbourhood. Symptomatology may mimic retro-caecal appendicitis or diverticulitis and the diagnosis by CT avoids unnecessary surgery or hospitalization. Indeed, under conservative treatment by AINS and analgesics, symptomatology regresses in about five days. In this article, we relate the case of a patient with a typical clinical presentation, to remind the elements of this pathological entity.

Tissue damage in rat ovaries subjected to torsion and detorsion: effects of L-carnitine and N-acetyl cysteine.

We aimed to evaluate histopathological changes, to detect HIF-1alpha staining intensities and to determine MDA levels in rat ovaries, which were subjected to torsion and detorsion and treated with L -carnitine or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Forty-eight prepubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): 1, control; 2, ischemia; 3, reperfusion; 4, L -carnitine; and 5, NAC groups. In groups 3, 4 and 5, an ischemic period of 3 h was followed by reperfusion for 24 h. In groups 4 and 5, ischemia was performed and either L -carnitine or NAC was infused intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion. Ovarian tissues were examined histopathologically; tissue MDA levels and serum IL-6 levels were determined biochemically. HIF-1alpha was applied to all ovaries immunohistochemically. Total tissue damage scores, tissue MDA levels and HIF-1alpha scores, were significantly higher in group 2 (all P < 0.001) than group 4, and group 3 than group 4 (P < 0.001, P = 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). They were also significantly higher in group 2 (all P < 0.001) than group 5. When group 3 is compared to group 5, total tissue damage scores and tissue MDA levels were significantly higher in the former (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in group 2 when compared to groups 1, 4 and 5 (all P < 0.01). The degree of tissue damage of the torsioned ovaries decreased after a reperfusion period of 24 h in the torsioned ovaries. However, ovaries of both L -carnitine and NAC groups showed better recovery than the reperfusion group.

Protective effects of amlodipine on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat ovary: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of amlodipine as an antioxidant and analyze the histopathologic changes in experimental ischemic and ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Experimental surgery laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Forty-two rats with experimentally induced ovarian torsion. INTERVENTION(S): Group 1: sham operation; group 2: bilateral ovarian ischemia; group 3: 3-hour period of ischemia plus 3 hours of reperfusion; groups 4 and 5: amlodipine administration at 3 and 5 mg/kg respectively before one half hour of ischemia, and then bilateral ovarian ischemia. The ovaries were removed at the third hour of ischemia. Groups 6 and 7: 3-hour period of bilateral ovarian ischemia. Two and a half hours after the induction of ischemia, the rats received amlodipine. At the end of a 3-hour period of ischemia, 3 hours of reperfusion was continued; then the ovaries were removed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian tissue superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide activity; histopathologic examination of all ovarian rat tissue. RESULT(S): Ischemia and I/R increased the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity while decreasing the superoxide dismutase activity significantly in comparison with the sham group. Both doses of amlodipine before ischemia and I/R reversed the trend in nitric oxide synthase activities and reversed the trend in the rat's ovary. CONCLUSION(S): Conservative treatment with amlodipine is effective in reducing tissue damage induced by ischemia, I/R, or both in ovaries.

Genistein attenuates postischemic ovarian injury in a rat adnexal torsion-detorsion model.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of genistein on reperfusion injury in a rat ovarian torsion-detorsion model. DESIGN: Controlled experimental study. SETTING: University animal research laboratory. SUBJECT(S): Thirty-two Wistar-Albino rats. INTERVENTION(S): The rats were divided into four groups. Sham operation was performed in group I. In group II, 5 mg/kg genistein was given intraperitoneally (IP) during laparotomy, and right ovaries were removed 4 hours later. In group III, right ovaries were subjected to 4 hours of adnexal ischemia by use of vascular clips, and after ischemic insult, 4 hours of reperfusion was maintained by removing the clips. In group IV, after the ischemic period, 5 mg/kg genistein was given IP, and 4 hours of reperfusion was maintained. Right ovaries were surgically removed at the end of the procedure in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ovarian histopathologic findings were scored and compared among study groups. Serum and ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, levels were measured. RESULT(S): Ovarian tissue damage scores were significantly different among groups and were seen to correlate with ovarian tissue MDA levels. Genistein significantly decreased the tissue damage scores, ovarian tissue MDA levels, and serum MDA levels. CONCLUSION(S): Genistein attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat adnexal torsion-detorsion model.

Torsion of the greater omentum with inguinal hernia.

Torsion of the greater omentum is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen, often diagnosed only intraoperatively. We report a 30-year-old man with torsion of the greater omentum in association with inguinal hernia, diagnosed on CT scan and managed conservatively.

[The experiment research of ginger detoxification to Rhizoma Pinelliae].

The experiment results have shown that Ginger can abate the stimulation of Phizoma Pinelliae on abdominal cavity of mice, reduce the torsion incidence rate of mice because of pain which is resulted to i.p. powder suspension of raw Rhizoma pinelliae. We also observed that Ginger can obviously inhibit the increase of capillary permeatility of abdominal cavity of mice, reduce the PGE2 content of inflammatory foot tissue of mice which is due to inject juice of fresh Pinellia Rhizoma. In addition, Ginger can increase the PGE2 content of mice gastric solution, antegonise the decrease of PGE2 content which is come from administration of raw Pinellia Rhizoma and protect the gastric mucous. Above mentioned results suggested that Ginger have detoxification in vivo. to toxin of Pinellia Rhizoma.