Physical activity dynamically moderates the impact of multimorbidity on the trajectory of healthy aging over sixteen years.

BACKGROUND: Research examining the healthy aging trajectory of retired older adults with multimorbidity is limited, leaving uncertainties regarding the optimal physical activity (PA) intensity and frequency necessary to sustain healthy aging during retirement. METHODS: Our study investigated the moderating effects of PA on the healthy aging trajectories of retired older adults living with multimorbidity in the United States (US). We utilized data from 1,238 retired individuals aged 50 to 102 who contributed 11,142 observations over 16 years from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We employed mixed effects modeling to assess the impact of various classes of multimorbidity on this group and examine how different PA, PA intensities, and PA frequencies influence the disability, physical, and cognitive functioning domains of healthy aging. RESULTS: The results reveal that while outcomes differed significantly, retired older adults in the US attained healthy aging at baseline. However, their ability to maintain healthy aging declined over time, with multimorbidity, especially musculoskeletal and neurological conditions, accelerating this decline. Fortunately, PA, especially light to moderate intensities, is associated with improving healthy aging and moderating the impact of multimorbidity on the disability and cognitive functioning domains of healthy aging. However, the specific moderating effects of PA depend on its frequency, intensity, and chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The significant variability in healthy aging attainment among retired older adults underlies the need to consider these differences when addressing healthy aging issues in the US. Accounting for these variations would aid in evaluating the potential impact of future interventions and contribute to achieving health equity. Fortunately, our dynamic findings facilitate this objective by identifying specific frequencies and intensities of PA tailored to different aspects of multimorbidity and healthy aging. This highlights PA, especially light-to-moderate intensity, as an essential, cost-effective, and amenable strategy for alleviating the impact of multimorbidity on healthy aging.

Examining dynamic developmental trends: the interrelationship between age-friendly environments and healthy aging in the Chinese population-evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this research is to investigate the dynamic developmental trends between Age-Friendly Environments (AFE) and healthy aging in the Chinese population. METHODS: This study focused on a sample of 11,770 participants from the CHARLS and utilized the ATHLOS Healthy Aging Index to assess the level of healthy aging among the Chinese population. Linear mixed model (LMM) was used to explore the relationship between AFE and healthy aging. Furthermore, a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) were used to examine the dynamic developmental trends of healthy aging, taking into account both Between-Person effects and Within-Person effects. RESULTS: The results from LMM showed a positive correlation between AFE and healthy aging (ß = 0.087, p < 0.001). There was a positive interaction between the geographic distribution and AFE (central region * AFE: ß = 0.031, p = 0.038; eastern region * AFE: ß = 0.048, p = 0.003). In CLPM and RI-CLPM, the positive effect of healthy aging on AFE is a type of Between-Person effects (ß ranges from 0.147 to 0.159, p < 0.001), while the positive effect of AFE on healthy aging is Within-Person effects (ß ranges from 0.021 to 0.024, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Firstly, individuals with high levels of healthy aging are more inclined to actively participate in the development of appropriate AFE compared to those with low levels of healthy aging. Furthermore, by encouraging and guiding individuals to engage in activities that contribute to building appropriate AFE, can elevate their AFE levels beyond the previous average level, thereby improving their future healthy aging levels. Lastly, addressing vulnerable groups by reducing disparities and meeting their health needs effectively is crucial for fostering healthy aging in these populations.

Aposentadoria de docentes universitários: pesquisa documental acerca das tendências da produção científica brasileira / Retirement of university teachers: documentary research about brazilian scientific production trends / Retiro de profesores universitarios: investigación documental sobre tendencias de producción científica brasileña

Objetivo: Identificar, descrever e analisar as tendências da produção científica brasileira sobre a aposentadoria docente. Método: Pesquisa documental realizada em junho de 2019 no Portal de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior e Banco Digital de Teses e Dissertações. Utilizou-se como estratégia de busca os descritores "Aposentadoria" AND "Docente", sendo a amostra composta por 12 trabalhos, os quais foram analisados sob a proposta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: O processo de aposentadoria docente foi estudado em oito dissertações e quatro teses, com concentração das defesas entre 2013 a 2016 e utilização da abordagem qualitativa. Conclusão: Observa-se tendência de investimentos em estudos sobre a fase pós-aposentadoria, inferindo-se a necessidade de investigar a fase de pré-aposentadoria, com vistas a uma transição equilibrada e ativa, (re)significando as possibilidades que esta nova fase pode representar aos docentes

Objective: To identify, describe and analyze the trends of the Brazilian scientific production on the retirement of teachers. Method: Documentary research conducted in June 2019 at the Theses and Dissertation Portal of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination and Digital Bank of Theses and Dissertation. The search strategy used the keywords "Retirement" AND "Faculty", and the sample consisted of 12 papers, which were analyzed following Minayo operative proposal. Results: Teaching staff retirement process was studied in eight dissertations and four theses, with defense concentrated between 2013 and 2016 and with majority relying on the qualitative approach. Conclusion: There is a tendency to invest in studies on the post-retirement phase, suggesting the need to investigate the pre-retirement phase, focusing on a balanced and active transition, (re-)signifying the possibilities that this new phase can represent to teachers

Objetivo: Identificar, describir y analizar las tendencias de la producción científica brasileña sobre el profesor de retiro. Método: Investigación documental realizada en junio de 2019 en el Portal de Tesis y Disertación de la Coordinación de Mejora del Personal de Educación Superior y el Banco Digital de Tesis y Disertación. La estrategia de búsqueda utilizó los descriptores "Retiro" y "Maestro", y la muestra consistió en 12 documentos, que fueron analizados bajo la propuesta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: El proceso de jubilación docente se estudió en ocho disertaciones y cuatro tesis, con concentración de defensas entre 2013 y 2016 y uso del enfoque cualitativo. Conclusión: existe una tendencia de inversiones en estudios sobre la fase posterior a la jubilación, que infiere la necesidad de investigar la fase previa a la jubilación, con miras a una transición equilibrada y activa, (re) significando las posibilidades de que esta nueva fase puede representar a los maestros

Desigualdades sociales en salud en población mayor: una aportación desde la salud pública al debate sobre el retraso de la edad de jubilación en España / Social inequalities in health in the older population: an insight into the debate on delayed retirement age in Spain from a public health perspective

Objetivo: Analizar las desigualdades en la esperanza de vida según el nivel educativo en la población española de 65 y más años. Método: Estudio transversal para la población española de 65 y más años. Se calculó la esperanza de vida total y con buena salud mediante la combinación de datos de mortalidad, salud y población. Resultados: Entre las personas de 65 y más años, tener menor nivel de estudios supuso vivir menos años totales y con buena salud, y un mayor número de años con mala salud. Las mujeres esperaron vivir más años, pero una mayor proporción de ellos con mala salud. Discusión: La perspectiva de las desigualdades en salud debe considerarse en el debate sobre el retraso en la edad de jubilación

Objective: To analyse the inequalities in life expectancy in the Spanish population over the age of 65 according to educational level. Method: Cross sectional study on the Spanish population aged 65 years and over. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were calculated combining mortality, health and population data. Results: People aged 65 and over with a lower educational level had shorter lives, with fewer years of good health and more years of poor health. Women lived longer, but with proportionally more years of poor health. Discussion: Social inequalities in health must be considered in the current debate on delaying the age of retirement

Programa para servidores em situação de aposentadoria: uma revisão integrativa / Retirement server program: an integrative review

Os resultados apontam a necessidade de promover programas de preparação para aposentadoria, fortalecendo as ações educativas e a orientação para pós-carreira. As pesquisas demonstraram a importância de oportunizar a construção de um novo projeto de vida em pessoas que iniciam mais uma etapa de suas vidas, com o processo da aposentadoria

Public social security burden of musculoskeletal diseases in Brasil-Descriptive study

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: To present data on the social security burden of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (DSOTC) in Brasil in 2014, and evolution of these social security expenditures between 2009 and 2014. METHOD: Compilation and analysis of data on the granting of disability pensions and sickness benefits in the year 2014, available on the official website of Social Security, classified according to ICD 10. It was evaluated the evolution between 2009 and 2014, using the F test to compare the curves with the growth of the active age population (PIA). RESULTS: Among the 22 disease groups classified according to ICD-10, the DSOTC group led benefits grants in 2014, with 19% of the sickness benefits and 13.5% of the disability pensions. The main causes of sickness benefit and disability retirement were, respectively: dorsopathies (43.3% and 41.2%), soft tissue diseases (27.3% and 19.7%), osteoarthritis (7.6% % And 27.8%) and chronic inflammatory arthropathies (2.8% and 7.9%). In the evolution of the number of sickness benefits granted between 2009 and 2014, both INSS and DSOTC totals showed an increasing tendency (35.9 and 35.3%, respectively, with p = 0.000 for both). As for disability retirement, there was a 5.9% increase in the INSS total (p = 0.039), while for the DSOTC there was a decrease of 7.6% (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These data point to a progressive increase in the granting of sickness pensions and disability benefits in the country, superior to the growth of the PIA, as well as a high participation of DSOTC in these benefits.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Apresentar dados sobre o ônus previdenciário das doenças do sistema osteomuscular e tecido conjuntivo (DSOTC) no Brasil no ano de 2014, e sua evolução entre 2009 e 2014. MÉTODO: Compilação e análise de dados sobre a concessão de aposentadorias por invalidez e auxílios-doença no ano de 2014 disponíveis no portal oficial da Previdência Social, classificados segundo o CID 10. Avaliação da evolução entre 2009 e 2014, utilizando-se o teste F para comparar as curvas com o crescimento da população em idade ativa (PIA). RESULTADOS: Entre 22 grupos de doenças classificados de acordo com o CID 10, o das DSOTC liderou as concessões de benefícios em 2014, com 19% dos auxílios-doença e 13,5% das aposentadorias por invalidez. As principais causas de concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez foram, respectivamente: dorsopatias (43,3% e 41,2%), doenças de partes moles (27,3% e 19,7%), osteoartrite (7,6% e 27,8%) e artropatias inflamatórias crônicas (2,8% e 7,9%). Na evolução do número de auxílios-doença concedidos entre 2009 e 2014, tanto o total do INSS quanto o do grupo DSOTC apresentaram tendência crescente (35,9 e 35,3%, respectivamente, com p = 0,000 para ambos). Já para aposentadoria por invalidez, houve aumento de 5,9% no total do INSS (p = 0,039), enquanto que para as DSOTC houve um decréscimo de 7,6% (p = 0,005). CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se uma elevação progressiva na concessão de auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez no País, superior ao aumento da população em idade ativa. As DSOTC foram o grupo com maior participação relativa nesses benefícios.

Estresse ocupacional: causas e consequências / Occupational stress: causes and consequences

Contexto: O estresse é uma doença crônica recorrente que, em longo prazo, pode ocasionar incapacidade para o trabalho, gerando custos, perda de renda vitalícia e aposentadoria antecipada, além do risco de suicídio. Objetivos: Apresentar os fatores relacionados ao estresse ocupacional, ressaltando os mecanismos desencadeadores da doença, os principais sintomas e as medidas adotadas para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade de vida do trabalhador. Métodos: Realizou­se um estudo descritivo com consulta às bases de dados nacionais LILACS e SciELO, e internacionais MEDLINE e PubMed, considerando­se o período de 1996 a 2015 e os critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos artigos. Resultados: O estresse ocupacional é um estado em que ocorre desgaste do organismo humano e/ou diminuição da capacidade de trabalho. Por si só, não é capaz de desencadear uma enfermidade orgânica ou provocar uma disfunção significativa na vida do indivíduo. Para que isso ocorra, é necessário que outras condições estejam presentes, como a vulnerabilidade orgânica ou a forma inadequada de avaliar e enfrentar a situação estressante. A preocupação científica com a questão do estresse ocupacional reside na sua provável relação com o adoecimento ou sofrimento que acarreta. Conclusão: Os principais agentes estressores podem ser os fatores ambientais e organizacionais, no entanto o diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico baseado nos sintomas da doença, que podem ser físicos, psicológicos e comportamentais. Para se intervir na saúde do trabalhador, torna­se imperiosa a combinação de abordagens e enfoques, transformações organizacionais do trabalho, mudanças urbanas e fatores de riscos industriais e ambientais.

Background: Stress is a chronic recurrent disease that may lead to work inability in a long term, which generates costs, loss of lifetime income, early retirement, and increases the risk of suicide. Objectives: To reveal the factors associated with occupational stress, and emphasize disease triggers, main symptoms, and the actions implemented to improve productivity and worker's quality of life. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on a search in the national databases LILACS and SciELO, and in the internacional databases MEDLINE and PubMed, considering the period of 1996­2015 and the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of articles. Results: Occupational stress is a condition that causes mental and physical stress and reduces working ability. It alone does not cause an organic disease or a significant functional impairment. This consequences may occurs if other conditions are present, such as organic vulnerability or inability to assess and cope with the stressful situation. The concern of the scientific community with occupational stress is related to its possible association with illness or suffering. Conclusion: Stressors may be environmental and organizational factors; however, diagnosis is essentially clinical and based on disease symptoms that may be physical, psychological, and behavioral. A mix of approaches, organizational changes related to the work, urban changes, and industrial and environmental risk factors management are essential for intervention actions toward workers' health.

Desafios da inclusão do idoso no mercado de trabalho / Challenges of elderly participation in the labor market

Contexto: Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, o envelhecimento se apresenta como um relevante problema social com repercussões na estrutura produtiva atual. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a contribuição do idoso para o mercado de trabalho brasileiro e as políticas públicas relacionadas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, com busca em duas bases de dados eletrônicas: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): idoso, mercado de trabalho, política pública, aposentadoria, trabalho, envelhecimento e saúde. Resultados: O trabalho é fonte de renda, satisfação pessoal e também é importante para a manutenção da qualidade de vida. Entretanto, os idosos usualmente precisam competir com os trabalhadores jovens, mais qualificados, além de enfrentarem a estigmatização social, o que dificulta a sua permanência no mercado de trabalho. As políticas vigentes ainda são insuficientes para incorporar a população mais idosa no processo produtivo. Conclusão: A implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a integração dos idosos ao mercado de trabalho é mandatória, uma vez que a mão de obra global está envelhecendo rapidamente.

Context: With life expectancy increasing, aging is a relevant social problem, affecting the current production structure. Objective: This study evaluates the contribution of the elderly in the Brazilian labor market and the related public policies. Methods: A literature review was performed by searching in two electronic databases: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The research was carried out using the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): aged, job market, public policy, retirement, job, aging, and health. Results: Work is a source of income, personal satisfaction, and also is important for the quality of life maintenance. However, the elderly usually have to compete with the younger, more skilled workers and, furthermore, to cope with the social stigma, which makes it difficult for older workers to remain in the labor market. Current policies are insufficient to incorporate the aging population in the production process. Conclusion: The implementation of public policies aiming to integrate the elderly to the labor market is mandatory, since the global workforce is rapidly aging.

Avaliação de um programa de atenção ao aposentado do Ceará / Evaluation of a health care program for retirees in Ceará

O rápido envelhecimento populacional no mundo coloca em pauta a necessidade de políticas públicas para idosos e também para prepará-los ao ingresso na condição de aposentados. Objetivos da pesquisa: conhecer o perfil dos beneficiários e que avaliação fazem do Programa de Ação Integrada para o Aposentado do Ceará. Coletaram-se os dados de agosto de 2009 a janeiro de 2010, pela aplicação de questionários a 90 sujeitos. A maioria dos sujeitos era do sexo feminino, viúvos, solteiros ou separados e com perfil diferenciado em relação à maioria dos trabalhadores e aposentados brasileiros. Avaliaram positivamente o programa e fizeram poucas sugestões. O Programa de Ação Integrada é uma política pública que, além de muitas fragilidades, vem sofrendo oscilações e contenções em função das mudanças dos governantes e gestores.

El Instrumento de Fragilidad para Atención Primaria de la Encuesta de Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE-FI): resultados de la muestra española / The Frailty Instrument for primary care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI): results of the Spanish sample

Introducción. Las implicaciones clínico-epidemiológicas de la fragilidad son de primer orden. Una de las conceptualizaciones más aceptadas es la de Fried y Walston, los cuales la operativizaron con cinco criterios bien definidos. Sin embargo, sus criterios no son fácilmente aplicables en Atención Primaria, donde se necesitan herramientas para identificar a personas que requieren el uso preferente de recursos. Con este objetivo, nuestro grupo publicó El Instrumento de Fragilidad para Atención Primaria de la Encuesta de Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE-FI). Esta comunicación da a conocer los resultados de la muestra española. Material y métodos. En la ola 1 (2004), la muestra española se compuso de 1.279 mujeres y 933 hombres, no residentes en instituciones (edad media: 65,6 años). Se utilizó un análisis de clases latentes para resumir los cinco criterios de fragilidad (adaptados a SHARE) en tres clases incrementales de fragilidad. Dichas clases se asociaron con una selección biopsicosocial de variables de la ola 1; para su validación predictiva se utilizaron datos sobre el estado vital de la ola 2 de SHARE (2006-2007), disponibles para 846 mujeres y 660 hombres. Resultados. Las clases de fragilidad demostraron las asociaciones esperadas. El Odds ratio (ajustado por la edad) para la mortalidad (intervalo de confianza del 95%) asociado a la clase frágil fue del 3,2 (1,0-10,2) para las mujeres y del 8,3 (3,1-22,1) para los hombres. Conclusiones. SHARE-FI es un instrumento válido y de libre acceso, adecuado para la adopción del lenguaje de la fragilidad en Atención Primaria(AU)

Background. Frailty is a syndrome with important epidemiological and clinical implications in older adults. One of the most accepted definitions of frailty is that of Fried and Walston, who operationalised it according to five well defined criteria. However, their criteria are not readily applicable in primary care, where practitioners need tools to identify patients who require priority access to more specialised resources. With that objective in mind, our research group published the Frailty Instrument of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI). The present paper reports the results of the Spanish sample. Methods. In the wave 1 of SHARE (2004), the Spanish sample was composed of 1,279 women and 933 men, all living in the community (mean age: 65.6 years). For each sex, a latent class analysis was used to summarise the five (adapted) frailty criteria into three incremental frailty classes. We tested the association of the frailty classes against a biopsychosocial range of wave 1 variables; the predictive validity of the frailty classes was tested using mortality data from the second wave of SHARE (2006-2007), which were available for 846 women and 660 men. Results. The frailty classes had the expected cross-sectional associations. The age-adjusted Odds ratio for mortality (with 95% confidence interval) associated with the frail class was 3.2 (1.0-10.2) for women and 8.3 (3.1-22.1) for men. Discussion. SHARE-FI is a valid and freely accessible instrument, which is intended to facilitate the adoption of the frailty paradigm in primary care(AU)

La transición hacia el retiro: adaptación en una muestra de prejubilados españoles de la escala Retirement Satisfaction Inventory / The transition towards retirement: adaptation of the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory scale in a Spanish sample of early-pensioners

Objetivos. Este estudio persigue realizar una adaptación al castellano de la escala de Retirement Satisfaction Inventory, (RSI) orientada hacia la medición de la motivación hacia el retiro, satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y fuentes de disfrute, y analizar su estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de prejubilados españoles. Material y métodos. Se aplicó la escala RSI (Floyd et al, 1992) a una muestra de 638 prejubilados españoles con una media de edad±desviación estándar de 61,28±5,77 y una edad media de prejubilación de 53,89±2,71. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con el paquete estadístico SPSS y un análisis factorial confirmatorio a través del módulo AMOS 6.0. El proceso de recogida de datos se llevo a cabo por medio del método de encuestas por correo. Resultados. La adaptación al castellano del RSI mostró una estructura en tres escalas: razones para la jubilación, satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y actividades de ocio. Estas escalas presentaron una estructura con cuatro, dos y tres factores principales, respectivamente, que difieren ligeramente de los informados en el instrumento original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró un óptimo ajuste del modelo para las tres escalas. Conclusiones. La versión del RSI, adaptada al castellano, permite disponer de un instrumento que evalúe la motivación hacia el retiro durante el proceso de salida laboral, la satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y las fuentes de disfrute en la población prejubilada española(AU)

Objectives. This study provides psychometric data for the Spanish adaptation of the scale of Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (RSI). We explore the factor structure and psychometric properties a sample of Spanish early retirees. RSI measures the motivation to retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement and leisure activities. Material and methods. The RSI scale (Floyd et al, 1992) was applied to a sample of 638 Spanish early-pensioners with a mean age of 61.28 (SD: 5.77) years and a mean age at early retirement of 53.89 years (SD: 2.71). An exploratory factorial analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics package, and a confirmatory factorial using the AMOS 6.0 module. The data collection process was carried out by means of the questionnaires by post method. Results. The adaptation of the RSI to Spanish showed a three-scale structure:: the reasons for retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement, and leisure activities. These scales showed a structure with four, two and three main factors, respectively, which differ slightly from those reported in the original instrument.The confirmatory factorial analysis demonstrated the optimum fit of the model for the three scales. Conclusions. The RSI adaptation to Spanish provides a tool that could asses the motivation towards retirement during the leaving work process, satisfaction with retirement life, and the leisure sources in the Spanish early retired population(AU)

Percepciones sobre la voluntariedad en el proceso de salida organizacional en una muestra de prejubilados españoles / Perceptions on the voluntariness in the process of organizational exit in a sample of spanish early retired

El fenómeno de las prejubilaciones se ha implantado dentro del mercado laboral español como la forma de salida organizacional habitual de trabajadores de edad avanzada. Con el objetivo de conocer los factores motivacionales que explican una salida laboral voluntaria y no-voluntaria se administro una adaptación del Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (Floyd et al., 1992) a una muestra de prejubilados con una edad media de prejubilación de 53.89 años. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los trabajadores que aceptan la oferta de retiro de manera voluntaria son aquellos que tienen una motivación más positiva hacia el retiro. Mientras, aquellos que han aceptado de manera novoluntaria han experimentado presiones organizacionales, problemas de salud y estrés laboral. Conocer los factores motivacionales de salida laboral de personas prejubiladas es un primer paso para relacionar la forma de salida con la posterior satisfacción y adaptación con la vida en el retiro(AU)

The phenomenon of early retirement has been introduced in the Spanish labor market as the organizational form of normal output for older workers. In order to understand the motivational factors that explain output and non-voluntary labor has been administered an adaptation of the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (Floyd et al., 1992) to a sample of early retirees with an average age of 53.89 years. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Workers who accept the offer of a voluntary retirement are those who have a more positive motivation toward retirement. Meanwhile, those who have accepted in non-voluntary way experienced organizational presures, health problems and stres. Understanding the motivational factors of people working out early retirees is a first step to relate the form with subsequent satisfaction and adaptation to life in retirement(AU)

Diferentes formas de acceder a la jubilación y su relación con la salud psicológica / Distinct forms of entering retirement and their relationship with psychological health

IntroducciónLa jubilación ha pasado de ser un suceso normativo que acontecía regularmente alrededor de los 65 años de edad a ser un suceso progresivamente menos normativo y que se presenta bajo diferentes modalidades de retiro laboral.ObjetivosEstudiar la posible relación entre los tipos de jubilación más habituales y los diferentes indicadores de la salud psicológica: depresión, ansiedad y satisfacción vital. Analizar las percepciones y los sentimientos en torno al cambio producido como consecuencia de la jubilación.Material y métodosParticiparon 119 jubilados (el 68,1% de hombres y el 31,9% de mujeres), con una edad media de edad de 66,5 años, entrevistados individualmente. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron SPMSQ (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), breve cuestionario para examinar el estado mental; entrevista “Ad Hoc”, en la que se recogían datos sociodemográficos y aspectos relacionados con la jubilación; GADS (Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale ‘escala de ansiedad y depresión de Goldberg’) para detectar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión; PGC (Philadelfia Geriatric Center Morale Scale ‘escala de satisfacción vital’) con el propósito de conocer la satisfacción vital, y por último, COOP-WONCA (Darmouth COOP Functional Health Assessment Charts-WONCA) para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.ResultadosLas personas que se habían jubilado por enfermedad presentaron unos niveles más altos de ansiedad y depresión y un menor nivel de satisfacción vital que en el resto de las modalidades de jubilación. Según el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), sólo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001) en la satisfacción vital...(AU)

IntroductionDue to a series of factors such as working conditions, economic position and health status, retirement does not necessarily occur at the age of 65 years, thus generating new types of retirement.ObjectivesTo study the possible relationship between retirement types and psychological health indicators, i.e. depression, anxiety and life satisfaction and to analyze perceptions and feelings about the change produced as a result of retirement.Materials and methodsA total of 119 retired persons (68.1% men, 31.9% women) participated in this study. The mean age was 66.5 years. Participants were interviewed individually. The instruments used were the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, an ad hoc interview, in which sociodemographic data and information on retirement were gathered, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Life Satisfaction Scale, and lastly, the COOP-WONCA Health-Related Quality of Life Scale.ResultsParticipants who retired due to illness had higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower life satisfaction than persons retiring for other reasons. The ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences (p<.001) only in life satisfaction. After the corresponding regression analysis was performed on this variable, a statistically significant model was found that grouped together four predictive variables: anxiety (p<.001), depression (p<.001), income bracket (p<.001) and physical status (p<.05). These variables explained 46% of the variance.ConclusionsIn line with other studies, the present study found that retirement is not associated with depression, although retirement due to illness is associated with poorer psychological health. The results on life satisfaction support the idea that retirement is no longer a homogeneous event. Retirement type does not appear to be a major predictor of life satisfaction(AU)

Modalidades de retiro laboral en Europa: bienestar psicológico y factores psicosociales asociados. Introducción al número especial de la Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones / Varieties of work retirement in Europe: Psychological wellbeing and psychosocial factors associated. Introduction to the special issue of the Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones (Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology)

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Early retirement: positive or negative for well being? / ¿Es la jubilación anticipada positiva o negativa para el bienestar?

IIs the transition from work to early retirement generally a cause for distress? This question has been addressed in several research studies over many decades. It was also the focus of a longitudinal study of individuals of 55 years and older who retired as part of a downsizing program in a Swedish insurance company. The consequences in terms of health and well being during the first two post-retirement years were evaluated using two different approaches to data analysis. This paper brings together results from two different reports (Isaksson, 1997; Isaksson and Johansson, 2000) aiming to provide a concluding picture and to relate to recent research. Using longitudinal questionnaire data, the study compared early retirees and persons continuing to work over the years following downsizing. The effects of voluntary/forced choice, employment status and gender on the subsequent adaptation of older individuals were evaluated. The results revealed no signs of a general retirement crisis. More importantly, voluntary (as opposed to a forced choice) choice of employment or retirement was directly and positively associated with satisfaction and psychological well being for both groups. Women showed lower values of work centrality, appeared to be more inclined to apply for retirement and were generally more satisfied with the outcome than men. Health problems were significantly lower 1.5 years after retirement but no similar effect was found among stayers. Furthermore, an attempt was made to identify patterns of adjustment to early retirement by means of cluster analysis. Four stable patterns were described: continuous working, positive adaptation to retirement, one small group with signs of high distress and finally a group with improved health at T2(AU)

¿Es motivo de angustia la transición del trabajo a la jubilación anticipada? La investigación se ha planteado esta pregunta durante muchos decenios. En ella se centró también el estudio longitudinal con personas de 55 años o más que se jubilaban en el contexto de un programa de regulación de empleo de una empresa de seguros sueca. Se evaluaron las consecuencias tanto para la salud como para el bienestar durante los dos primeros años tras la jubilación mediante el uso de dos tipos diferentes de análisis de datos. Este artículo reúne los resultados de dos informes (Isaksson, 1997; Isaksson and Johansson, 2000) que pretendían obtener una visión concluyente, vinculados a la investigación reciente. Utilizando cuestionarios longitudinales, el estudio compara los datos de las personas jubiladas anticipadamente con las de aquellas que siguen trabajando durante los años posteriores a la regulación laboral. Se evaluaron los efectos de la elección voluntaria/forzosa, la categoría laboral y el sexo sobre la adaptación de las personas de más edad. Los resultados no mostraban signos de una crisis general debida a la jubilación y, lo que es más importante, la elección voluntaria (frente a la elección forzosa) de seguir trabajando o de jubilarse guardaba una relación directa positiva con la satisfacción y el bienestar psicológico en ambos grupos. Las mujeres manifestaban valores más bajos en centralidad del trabajo, parecían más proclives a solicitar la jubilación y estaban por lo general más satisfechas del resultado que los hombres. Los problemas de salud eran significativamente menores al año y medio de la jubilación, efecto que no se apreció en los que continuaron trabajando. Además, el intento de hallar patrones de ajuste a la jubilación anticipada mediante análisis de clusters, dio cuatro tipos de patrones estables: seguir trabajando, adaptación positiva a la jubilación, un pequeño grupo que tenía signos de angustia elevada y por último un grupo cuya salud había mejorado en el T2(AU)

Encarando a vida na aposentadoria: implicações da aposentadoria na perspectiva dos trabalhadorers e dos dirigentes do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição

A produção de informações e inovações na gestão de pessoas e do trabalho nas organizações de saúde apresenta-se como um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Considerando que a expectativa de vida da população brasileira está aumentando, o tema aposentadoria, objeto deste trabalho , encontra-se em pauta. Este projeto pretende investigar as implicações do processo de aposentadoria do GHC em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores e dirigentes da organização, caracterizar os trabalhadores aposentados no ano de 2007, investigar os aspectos positivos e negativos do processo de aposentadoria e as implicações para a organização da manutenção ou desligamento destes trabalhadores, analisar as implicações da aposentadoria para os trabalhadores considerando as especificidades de idade, sexo, escolaridade, categorias profissionais e setores, identificar as dimensões e as variáveis que impactam o processo de aposentadoria e criar tecnologia para monitorar as implicações da aposentadoria para os trabalhadores e dirigentes do GHC. Será um estudo de caso exploratório descritivo visando obter a familiarização com o fenômeno a ser investigado, descrever as características da população da pesquisa e o processo de aposentadoria. Para a coleta de dados serão utilizados como instrumentos dados secundários, questionários auto-aplicáveis e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Para o processamento e análise dos dados serão utilizadas técnicas quali-quantitativas.