Representações do cuidado nas orações Makuxi: história, mito e saúde / Representaciones del cuidado en las oraciones Makuxi: historia, mito y salud / Representations of care in Makuxi prayer: history, myth and health

Objective: to analyze the construction of representations of health care in the drawings, stories and prayers inscribed in the Makuxi Tarumu leaflets. Method: This is a historical-anthropological, documentary that used elements of New Cultural History from the perspective of the Historian Roger Chartier and ethnography. The research was carried out at the Indigenous Documentation Center (IDC) in Boa Vista-RR-Brazil. The leaflet entitled Makuxi Tarumu (Makuxi Prayers), volumes I and II, of 1987 was used as the object document. Results: In the Makuxi prayers, written in the Makuxi Tarumu leaflets, the representation of care appears in all prayers in a supernatural form, where the spiritual authority makes an evocation, interfering in the natural world. The prayer and the shaman are the authorities. Conclusion: The prayers preserve remarkable features of the Makuxi culture without religious syncretism, although it was produced by the DioceseRR. (AU)

Objetivos: analizar la construcción de las representaciones del cuidado en salud en las rezas inscritas en los folletos Makuxi Tarumu. Metodología: Estudio de cuño histórico-antropológico, documental, que utilizó elementos de la Nueva Historia Cultural en la perspectiva del Historiador Roger Chartier y de la etnografía. La investigación se realizó en el Centro de Documentación Indígena (CDI) de Boa Vista-RR-Brasil. Como documento-objeto se utilizó el folleto titulado Makuxi Tarumu (Oraciones Makuxi), volúmenes I y II, de 1987. Resultados: En las oraciones Makuxi, escritas en los folletos Makuxi Tarumu, la representación del cuidado aparece en todas las oraciones de una forma sobrenatural, donde la autoridad espiritual hace una evocación, interfiriendo en el mundo natural. El rezador y el pajé son las autoridades. Conclusión: las oraciones preservan características marcadas de la cultura Makuxi sin sincretismo religioso, a pesar de haber sido producido por la Diócesis-RR (AU)

Objetivos: analisar a construção das representações do cuidado em saúde nas rezas inscritas nos folhetos Makuxi Tarumu. Metodologia: Estudo de cunho histórico-antropológico, documental, que utilizou elementos da Nova História Cultural na perspectiva do Historiador Roger Chartier e da etnografia. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro de Documentação Indígena (CDI) de Boa VistaRR-Brasil. Como documento-objeto utilizou-se o folheto intitulado Makuxi Tarumu (Orações Makuxi), volumes I e II, de 1987. Resultados: Nas orações Makuxi, escritas nos folhetos Makuxi Tarumu, a representação do cuidado aparece em todas as orações de uma forma sobrenatural, onde a autoridade espiritual faz uma evocação, interferindo no mundo natural. O rezador e o pajé são as autoridades. Conclusão: as orações preservam características marcantes da cultura Makuxi sem sincretismo religioso, apesar de ter sido produzido pela Diocese-RR. (AU)

'A higher form of listening': a commentary on 'the human bodies of World War II: beyond the battlefield'.

This issue's interdisciplinary range parallels the generative multidisciplinary scope in the developing field of medical humanities. A closely detailed and empathic interdisciplinary analysis of physical and mental injury can offer additional historical and cultural resources to medical practitioners, thus broadening potential patient treatment options beyond institutional and disciplinary boundaries.

The case of Dr Masajiro Miyazaki: Japanese-Canadian healthcare in World War II.

The forcible relocation of Japanese-Canadians (Nikkei) during World War II has been widely examined; however, little scholarly attention has been paid to the impact of relocation on the medical services provided to, and by, the Nikkei. This article highlights the issue of providing sufficient medical care during forcible relocation and the experiences of one Nikkei physician, Dr Masajiro Miyazaki. His story illustrates both the limitations in the healthcare provided to the Nikkei community during relocation and the struggle for Nikkei medical professionals to continue their practice during the war. The agency of the Nikkei-who constantly balanced resistance and adaptation to oppressive conditions-comes to the forefront with this case study. Dr Miyazaki's personal records of forcible relocation, as well as his published memoir, reveal aspects of the lived reality of one Nikkei physician who was not included in the government discourse, or in the dialogue among his fellow Nikkei physicians, such as inter-racial medical care. It is evident through this case that there was great diversity in the level of medical care which the Nikkei received during their relocation in Canada. Furthermore, Dr Masajiro Miyazaki's story proves that healthcare professionals, from doctors to nurses' aides who were both Nikkei and white, provided extraordinary medical services during the forcible relocation, despite significant constraints.

Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future.

An historical overview of Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality also known as the Culture Care Theory (CCT) and evolution of the Sunrise Enabler are presented along with descriptions of the theory purpose, goal, tenets, basic assumptions, major core constructs, and orientational definitions. Recent articles, books, and book chapters provide relevant exemplars to enhance scholarly understanding and application of theory constructs. Proposed future directions encompass using the CCT to guide research of discovery and translational research projects for evidenced-based nursing practice; develop nursing courses and curricula to prepare culturally competent nurses; guide future culturally competent administrative and leadership policies and procedures; inform public policy related to cultural diversity and underserved populations; promote grant writing initiatives to enhance cultural diversity in hiring nursing staff, supervisors, and faculty; and promote admission of nursing students from underserved and/or diverse backgrounds.

[Intercultural health in Chile: Historical development and current challenges]. / Salud intercultural en Chile: Desarrollo histórico y desafíos actuales.

In 1992, Chile implemented for the first time a health program for indigenous peoples, the Health Program for the Mapuche Population (PROMAP), whose objective was to provide health care with cultural relevance, favoring the complementarity between the indigenous medical systems and the official system The current version of this initiative - named PESPI - has managed to reach almost all the Health Services in the country with this approach. The review that the academic world has made of these experiences, based on public health or medical anthropology, has focused on the analysis of the initiatives taken in rural indigenous contexts, from the point of view of the difficulties they have had to face and the meaning of the interculturality in health that they have managed to consolidate. However, little has been said about this program in urban contexts (currently, a space which our indigenous peoples are occupying progresively) or from the point of view of the notions of interculturality in health that they imply. Considering the above, the article offers a thematic review of national and international scientific publications on the subject, a critical analysis of intercultural health programs developed in Chile and a reflection on their challenges in the framework of urban indigenous dynamics.

En 1992, Chile implementó por primera vez un programa de salud para los pueblos indígenas, el Programa de Salud para Población Mapuche (Promap), cuyo objetivo fue entregar una atención de salud con pertinencia cultural, favoreciendo la complementariedad entre los sistemas médico indígena y el sistema oficial. La versión actual de esa iniciativa - el Programa especial de Salud para Pueblos Indígenas (PESPI) - ha logrado llegar con este enfoque a casi la totalidad de los Servicios de Salud del país. La revisión que el mundo académico ha hecho de estas experiencias, basados en la salud pública o en la antropología médica, se ha centrado en el análisis de las iniciativas llevadas en contextos indígenas rurales, desde el punto de vista de las dificultades que han debido enfrentar y las nociones de interculturalidad en salud que han logrado consolidar. Sin embargo, poco se ha abordado este programa en los contextos urbanos (espacio en que mayoritariamente están ocupando hoy nuestros pueblos indígenas) o desde el punto de vista de las nociones de interculturalidad en salud que implican. Considerando lo anterior, el artículo ofrece una revisión temática de publicaciones científicas nacionales e internacionales acerca del tema, un análisis crítico de los programas de salud intercultural desarrollados en Chile y una reflexión acerca de sus desafíos en el marco de la dinámica indígena urbana.

Aproximación crítica a las políticas públicas en salud indígena, medicina tradicional e interculturalidad en México (1990-2016) / A critical examination of public policies related to indigenous health, traditional medicine, and interculturality in Mexico (1990-2016)

RESUMEN En los últimos 26 años, el gobierno mexicano desarrolló múltiples discursos y actividades sobre la denominada "salud intercultural" dirigidos, en especial, a los pueblos originarios de México (alrededor de 62, de acuerdo al criterio lingüístico), y construyó establecimientos de salud (puestos de salud, clínicas y hospitales) en los que propuso la aplicación de indicadores de pertinencia cultural en algunos estados como Puebla, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Querétaro y Jalisco (mínimos e insuficientes). Sin embargo, la salud indígena y la atención médica institucional siguen siendo precarias en cuanto a recursos humanos y materiales (personal sanitario, medicamentos, etc.), y discriminatorios con relación a la forma y al contenido de la atención que se brinda. En este artículo, detallamos algunas de las intervenciones del gobierno que suponen un avance institucional sobre el tema de interculturalidad en salud pero que, en el fondo, significan la continuidad de políticas arbitrarias y excluyentes.

ABSTRACT Over the last 26 years, the Mexican government has developed a number of activities and discourses around what has been called "intercultural health," directed especially at indigenous peoples in Mexico (some 62, according to linguistic criteria). In this way, the government has built health care institutions (rural centers, clinics, and hospitals) in states like Puebla, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Queretaro, and Jalisco, proposing the implementation of cultural pertinence indicators (which are minimal and inadequate). Nevertheless, the health conditions among indigenous populations and the quality of health care provided by public institutions continue to be precarious in terms of human and material resources (health personnel, drugs, etc.) and discriminatory with respect to the form and content of the provided services. This paper describes some of the governmental interventions that purport to be institutional improvements in the field of interculturality, but that actually represent the continuity of arbitrary and exclusive policies.

Senseless Violence Against Central American Unaccompanied Minors: Historical Background and Call for Help.

The southwestern U.S. border has recently seen a significant increase in the number of unaccompanied children from Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador illegally crossing the Mexican border into the United States. Many of these children leave home to flee violence, starvation, impoverished living conditions, or other life-threatening situations. The treatment of acute stress, anxiety, and depression associated with traumatic events is crucial in helping these children address these negative psychological events they have experienced so that they can move forward with their lives. Untreated, traumatic events experienced by this population can develop into Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, a potentially life-changing and physically threatening psychological and medical issue. The United States needs to effectively address the serious matter of responding to mental health issues facing refugees from war-torn or impoverished nations so as to help them to successfully adjust to American systems. There is a need for researchers in the mental health field to focus efforts in designing, implementing, and evaluating methodologies that can help these children develop healthy strategies for living with a very difficult and complex past.

[A critical examination of public policies related to indigenous health, traditional medicine, and interculturality in Mexico (1990-2016)]. / Aproximación crítica a las políticas públicas en salud indígena, medicina tradicional e interculturalidad en México (1990-2016).

Over the last 26 years, the Mexican government has developed a number of activities and discourses around what has been called "intercultural health," directed especially at indigenous peoples in Mexico (some 62, according to linguistic criteria). In this way, the government has built health care institutions (rural centers, clinics, and hospitals) in states like Puebla, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Queretaro, and Jalisco, proposing the implementation of cultural pertinence indicators (which are minimal and inadequate). Nevertheless, the health conditions among indigenous populations and the quality of health care provided by public institutions continue to be precarious in terms of human and material resources (health personnel, drugs, etc.) and discriminatory with respect to the form and content of the provided services. This paper describes some of the governmental interventions that purport to be institutional improvements in the field of interculturality, but that actually represent the continuity of arbitrary and exclusive policies.

En los últimos 26 años, el gobierno mexicano desarrolló múltiples discursos y actividades sobre la denominada "salud intercultural" dirigidos, en especial, a los pueblos originarios de México (alrededor de 62, de acuerdo al criterio lingüístico), y construyó establecimientos de salud (puestos de salud, clínicas y hospitales) en los que propuso la aplicación de indicadores de pertinencia cultural en algunos estados como Puebla, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Querétaro y Jalisco (mínimos e insuficientes). Sin embargo, la salud indígena y la atención médica institucional siguen siendo precarias en cuanto a recursos humanos y materiales (personal sanitario, medicamentos, etc.), y discriminatorios con relación a la forma y al contenido de la atención que se brinda. En este artículo, detallamos algunas de las intervenciones del gobierno que suponen un avance institucional sobre el tema de interculturalidad en salud pero que, en el fondo, significan la continuidad de políticas arbitrarias y excluyentes.

Implicaciones transnacionales en la historia de la psiquiatría: la reubicación de pacientes de Tirol del Sur (Italia) en Institutciones Psiquiátricas Alemanas, 1940-1945 / Transnational entanglements in the history of psychiatry. South Tyrolian patients in German Asylums, C. 1940-1945

El objeto de este trabajo es investigar el destino de un grupo de pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados en asilos de Württemberg (Alemania) durante el periodo de 1940 a 1945. Dichos internos, procedentes principalmente de las regiones italianas de Vicenza, Udine, Trento y Alto Adigio, fueron enviados (y un número importante entre ellos ilegalmente deportados) a los psiquátricos alemanes de Zwiefalten, Schussenried y Weissenau, situados todos en el sur de la región alemana de Württemberg, entre 1940 y 1943. Especial atención se dedica a los llamados Acuerdos para la Opción entre el Reich alemán y la Italia fascista, como parte de la biopolítica nacionalsocialista. El tratamiento de estos pacientes surtiroleses en los asilos, así como su destino, se sitúa en el contexto de las acciones de reubicación de la población realizadas en las zonas limítrofes del Tercer Reich, que comenzaron en 1939 y afectaron a amplias zonas del continente europeo. Se estudian comparativamente también en esta contribución otros subgrupos poblacionales que emigraron por entonces de Italia al Reich alemán (AU)

Object of this article is the destiny of psychiatric inmates in Wuerttemberg asylums, 1940-1945. These patients from Italian regions of Vicenza, Udine, Trento, Alto Adige and various locations more were delegated and, to a substantial number, illegally deported to the German asylums Zwiefalten, Schussenried and Weissenau, all in South Wuerttemberg, in 1940 and 1943. Attention is focused on the pioneering state pre-negotiations, and the so-called option treaties between the German Reich and Fascist Italy as part of the general aspect of National Socialist bio-Politics. The treatment of these South Tyrol patients in the asylums themselves, as well as their fate will be put into the context of the resettlement actions at the margins of the Third Reich, which started in 1939 and widely affected the European continent. It is referred to other sub-groups of migrating population from Italy to the German Reich as well, as a contrasting aspect of this contribution (AU)

It is more than sex and clothes: Culturally safe services for older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people.

This paper outlines the development of culturally safe services for older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. It draws on a framework for cultural safety, developed in New Zealand which incorporates an understanding of how history, culture and power imbalances influence the relationship between service providers and Maori people. This has been adapted to the needs of older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex Australians.