Sildenafil accelerates anterior chamber refilling after paracentesis in sheep and rabbits.

PURPOSE: Sildenafil increases ocular blood flow. Thus, the authors investigated if it also increases anterior chamber (AC) refilling after paracentesis. METHODS: Corriedale sheep and albino rabbits were used as animal models. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, paracentesis performed on one eye, and AC refilling followed by observation using oblique illumination. IOP measurements continued as the AC formed. After IOP stabilization, sildenafil (100 mg) was orally administered. Forty to 60 minutes later, AH was withdrawn from the contralateral eye. The point at which IOP recovered was used to determine refilling time. Paracentesis volumes were either 60, 120, or 300 µL in sheep, and 50 or 100 µL in rabbits. RESULTS: IOP recovered in approximately 49, 56, and 50 minutes after the 60, 120, and 300 µL withdrawals in sheep. The refilling times of the contralateral eye after sildenafil ingestion were approximately 19, 26, and 37 minutes for the respective AH withdrawals. With rabbits, IOP recovered in approximately 13 minutes after the 50 and 100 µL AH withdrawals. After sildenafil, the IOP recovery times of the fellow eye were approximately 6 minutes. AH refilling rates were estimated by dividing the paracentesis volume by IOP recovery time. After sildenafil, such rates were larger than the AH formation rate attributed to secretion by the ciliary epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil accelerates the rate of AC refilling and might have beneficial utility as an agent enhancing fluid entry into the AC of patients who experienced AH loss during eye surgery, as well as in some cases of ocular hypotony.

New comparative ultrasound biomicroscopic findings between fellow eyes of acute angle closure and glaucomatous eyes with narrow angle / Novos achados comparativos de biomicroscopia ultra-sônica entre olhos contralaterais com fechamento angular agudo e olhos glaucomatosos com ângulo estreito

PURPOSE: To compare morphometric features between fellow acute primary angle-closure (APAC) eyes and glaucomatous or suspect eyes with narrow angle (NA). METHODS: Fellow eyes of 30 patients with unilateral APAC and 30 with NA were evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) under light and dark conditions. UBM parameters such as anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 250 µm/500 µm from the scleral spur (AOD250/AOD500), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD) and iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) were measured in the superior (SQ) and inferior (IQ) quadrants. RESULTS: Significant differences between APAC fellow and NA eyes were found in ACD, P<0.001; AOD250 at SQ and IQ, P<0.001; AOD500 at SQ and IQ, P<0.001; TCPD light, P=0.010 and TCPD dark at SQ, P=0.031; and TCPD light at IQ, P=0.010. Significant differences between light and dark examinations of APAC fellow eyes were found in ILCD (P=0.009) at SQ and ILCD at IQ (P=0.006), and of NA eyes in ILCD at SQ (P=0.047) and ILCD at IQ (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: APAC fellow eyes have a more crowded anterior segment and shallower ACD than NA eyes. ILCD decreases in both groups when the illumination conditions change from light to dark.

OBJETIVO: Comparar características morfométricas entre olhos contralaterais com fechamento angular primário agudo (FAPA) e olhos glaucomatosos ou suspeitos com ângulo estreito (AE). MÉTODOS: Olhos contralaterais de 30 pacientes com FAPA unilateral e olhos de 30 pacientes com AE foram avaliados através da biomicroscopia ultra-sônica (BUS) no claro e escuro. Parâmetros da BUS como a profundidade central de câmara anterior (PCA), distância da abertura angular a 250 µm/500 µm do esporão escleral (AOD250/AOD500), distância entre o processo ciliar e o trabeculado (TCPD) e distância do contato iris-cristalino (ILCD) foram medidos nos quadrantes superior (QS) e inferior (QI). RESULTADOS: Diferenças significativas entre olhos contralaterais de FAPA e olhos com AE foram encontradas na PCA, p<0,001; AOD250 no QS e QI, p<0,001; AOD500 no QS e QI, p<0,001; TCPD no claro, p=0,010 e TCPD no escuro no QS, p=0,031; e TCPD no claro no QI, p=0,010. Diferenças significativas entre exames no claro e escuro realizados em olhos contralaterais com FAPA foram encontradas na ILCD (p=0,009) no QS e ILCD no QI (p=0,006), e em olhos com SE na ILCD no QS (p=0,047) e ILCD no QI (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Olhos contralaterais de FAPA apresentam um segmento anterior mais aglomerado e uma PCA menor que olhos com AE. ILCD diminui em ambos os grupos quando as condições de iluminação mudam do claro para o escuro.

New comparative ultrasound biomicroscopic findings between fellow eyes of acute angle closure and glaucomatous eyes with narrow angle.

PURPOSE: To compare morphometric features between fellow acute primary angle-closure (APAC) eyes and glaucomatous or suspect eyes with narrow angle (NA). METHODS: Fellow eyes of 30 patients with unilateral APAC and 30 with NA were evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) under light and dark conditions. UBM parameters such as anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 250 microm/500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD250/AOD500), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD) and iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) were measured in the superior (SQ) and inferior (IQ) quadrants. RESULTS: Significant differences between APAC fellow and NA eyes were found in ACD, P<0.001; AOD250 at SQ and IQ, P<0.001; AOD500 at SQ and IQ, P<0.001; TCPD light, P=0.010 and TCPD dark at SQ, P=0.031; and TCPD light at IQ, P=0.010. Significant differences between light and dark examinations of APAC fellow eyes were found in ILCD (P=0.009) at SQ and ILCD at IQ (P=0.006), and of NA eyes in ILCD at SQ (P=0.047) and ILCD at IQ (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: APAC fellow eyes have a more crowded anterior segment and shallower ACD than NA eyes. ILCD decreases in both groups when the illumination conditions change from light to dark.

Volume-based characterization of postocclusion surge.

PURPOSE: To propose an alternative method to characterize postocclusion surge using a collapsible artificial anterior chamber to replace the currently used rigid anterior chamber model. SETTING: Fundación Oftamológica Los Andes, Santiago, Chile. METHODS: The distal end of a phacoemulsification handpiece was placed inside a compliant artificial anterior chamber. Digital recordings of chamber pressure, chamber volume, inflow, and outflow were performed during occlusion break of the phacoemulsification tip. The occlusion break profile of 2 different consoles was compared. RESULTS: Occlusion break while using a rigid anterior chamber model produced a simultaneous increase of chamber inflow and outflow. In the rigid chamber model, pressure decreased sharply, reaching negative pressure values. Alternatively, with the collapsible chamber model, a delay was observed in the inflow that occurs to compensate the outflow surge. Also, the chamber pressure drop was smaller in magnitude, never undershooting below atmospheric pressure into negative values. Using 500 mm Hg as vacuum limit, the Infiniti System (Alcon) performed better that the Legacy (Alcon), showing an 18% reduction in peak volume variation. CONCLUSIONS: The collapsible anterior chamber model provides a more realistic representation of the postocclusion surge events that occur in the real eye during cataract surgery. Peak volume fluctuation (mL), half volume recovery time(s), and volume fluctuation integral value (mL x s) are proposed as realistic indicators to characterize the postocclusion surge performance. These indicators show that the Infiniti System has a better postocclusion surge behavior than the Legacy System.

Avaliaçäo do envelhecimento do cristalino em olhos normais / Evaluation of changes due to aging in normal lens

Objetivo: Avaliar alteraçöes do cristalino relacionadas à idade, em olhos normais, analisando-se sua densidade e espessura, além da profundidade da câmara anterior (PCA). Métodos: Foram estudados 120 olhos de 60 pacientes hígidos por meio do sistema Scheimpflug. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em 6 grupos: Grupo I, 10 a 19 anos; Grupo II, 20 a 29 anos; Grupo III, 30 a 39 anos; Grupo IV, 40 a 49 anos; Grupo V, 50 a 59 anos; e Grupo VI, 60 a 69 anos. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: profundidade da câmara anterior, densidade do cristalino (DC) e espessura do cristalino (EC). Para avaliaçäo da densidade, o cristalino foi dividido em 5 áreas: cápsula anterior, córtex anterior, núcleo, córtex posterior e cápsula posterior. Estas variáveis foram correlacionadas com a idade. Resultados: A profundidade da câmara anterior diminuiu, ao passo que a espessura do cristalino aumentou com o envelhecimento. A densidade do cristalino aumentou com a idade em todas as áreas estudadas, exceto na cápsula posterior, onde ocorreu diminuiçäo nos valores. Quando correlacionadas idade e densidade do cristalino observou-se forte correlaçäo positiva nas seguintes áreas: cápsula anterior (r=0,78; p<0,001), córtex anterior (r=0,87; p<0,001), núcleo (r= 0,88; p<0,001) e córtex posterior (r = 0,70; p<0,001). A correlaçäo entre idade e DC na área capsular posterior foi negativa (r =-0,62; p<0,001). Encontrou-se correlaçäo significante entre idade e EC (r = 0,73; p<0,001). Os coeficientes de correlaçäo para PCA e EC (r=-0,60; p<0,001) e PCA e idade (r=-0,34; p<0,001) foram negativos. Conclusöes: Este estudo mostrou, por meio do sistema Scheimpflug, as alteraçöes da profundidade da câmara anterior, densidade do cristalino e espessura do cristalino decorrentes do envelhecimento. Deve-se ter atençäo com estas mudanças relacionadas à idade na realizaçäo de estudos envolvendo drogas anticataratogênicas, drogas tóxicas ao cristalino e pacientes com catarata.

Gnatostomiasis intraocular: caso anatomoclínico

La gnatostomiasis humana es una enfermedad rara, cuya frecuencia aumentó en los últimos años; es ocasionada por la infestación de un nematodo, Gnathostoma, el cual se adquiere por ingestión de pescado crudo. El presente trabajo describe el caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad, residente de Uxpanapa, Ver., a quien se le encontró una larva de 3er. estadio alojada en la cámara anterior del globo ocular derecho, que se extrajo quirúrgicamente con éxito; se identificó como Ghathostoma probablemente spinigerum.