Mortality of women with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a population-based study from the Girona province, Spain (1994-2013).

PURPOSE: We aim to comprehensively describe the incidence and mortality trends of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the Girona province, Spain (1994-2013) and to estimate the all-cause mortality excess risk of diagnosed women. METHODS: Age-standardized rates of DCIS were estimated between 1994 and 2013. Standard mortality ratios (SMR) and absolute excess mortality were calculated overall and by tumor and patient characteristics. A sensitivity analysis was conducted excluding cases with a subsequent invasive breast cancer (sIBC). RESULTS: Of the 641 women included, 56 died (follow-up time: 8.4 person-years). Between 1994 and 2013, a significant increase in incidence and decrease in mortality was identified among women aged between 50 and 69 years old. Neoplasms and circulatory system disease were the most common causes of death. No excess risk of death was found overall, except for women aged < 50 years (SMR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.85; 6.40) and those with a sIBC (SMR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.26; 5.02), risk that lessened when cases with sIBC were excluded. Patients with sIBC also showed an excess risk (SMR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.03; 5.10). CONCLUSIONS: Among women aged 50-69 years old, incidence of DCIS has significantly increased yet mortality has decreased. Overall, the all-cause mortality risk of women diagnosed with DCIS remains similar to that of the general population except for women diagnosed before age 50 and those with sIBC, who showed a significant increased risk. Differential management of these patients should be considered.

[Clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in a population of Mexico]. / Características clinicopatológicas del cáncer de mama en una población de mujeres en México.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common among women in our country, and its treatment is based on prognostic factors to categorize patients into different risk groups. In this study, the clinical and pathological features that play a role as a prognostic factor in a representative population with breast cancer in México are described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the clinical and pathological features of women diagnosed with breast cancer, in a period from June 2005 to May 2014; registered in a database and calculated by simple frequencies. RESULTS: A total of 4,411 patients were included, the average age at diagnosis was 53 years, 19.7% were diagnosed by mammography screening program and 80.3% derived from any signs or symptoms. Regarding the stages at diagnosis, 6.8% were carcinoma in situ, 36% at early stages (I and IIA), 45% locally advanced (IIB to IIIC), 7.7% metastatic and 3.9% unclassifiable. A 79% were ductal histology, lobular 7.8% and the rest, other types. Of ductal carcinomas, 9.1% were grade I, 54.1% grade II, and 34.6% grade III. Regarding the biological subtypes, 65.7% were luminal, 10.9% luminal Her positive, 8.7% pure Her 2 positive and 14.6% triple negative. CONCLUSION: In the present study, we described the clinical and pathologic features of a group of Mexican women with breast cancer that might reflect a national landscape, and represent the prognostic factors to determine groups of risk and treatment decisions.

[Node status in 454 ductal breast cancers cases according to the association with in situ component]. / Afectación ganglionar en 454 casos con carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama según el hallazgo de componente intraductal asociado.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma develops from precursor lesions or pre-invasive. It is accepted that the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma increased slightly in hyperplasia, but especially in cases of atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the nodal status between ductal breast cancer with in situ component (group 1) or without it (group 2). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study that included 454 ductal breast cancers. Data concerning clinical and pathological variables was collected. All data was compared between both groups. RESULTS: Among all cases, 176 (38.8%) showed positive lymph nodes, 136 patients (39.5%) from group 1 and 40 cases (36.4%) from group 2. Among group 1 cases, high-grade subgroup showed higher positive lymph node rate (82 cases, 55.4%) than the extensive in situ carcinomas subgroup (84 cases, 49.7%). Both of them had a significant higher rate than group 2 cases (p = 0.003 y p = 0.028, respectively). Moreover, the low-grade in situ carcinomas without cellular necrosi had positive lymph nodes just in 30 cases (24%), significantly lower (p = 0.034) than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find overall statistical differences between groups depending on in situ associated component. But when we analyzed in situ subgroups, we found differences with higher positive lymph node rate in high grade carcinomas and extensive in situ carcinomas subgroups, while lower affectation rates were observed in low grade carcinomas (without cellular necrosis), compared to the group of breast cancers without in situ component associated.

Lobular neoplasia: frequency and association with other breast lesions.

BACKGROUND: Using new molecular biology techniques, recent studies have implicated a common evolutionary pathway between lobular neoplasia, lobular carcinomas, and columnar cell lesions. Our aims were to assess the frequency of lobular neoplasia in a series of breast biopsies that were performed and examined in the same institution and to analyze the association between subtypes of lobular neoplasia and benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS: Cases were selected after reviewing archived pathological reports in the Breast Pathology Laboratory, School of Medicine of Federal University of Minas Gerais (1999-2008). Cases of lobular neoplasia were reviewed and classified as atypical lobular hyperplasia, ductal involvement by cells of atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, and pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ. Coexistence of lobular neoplasia with other breast lesions, including columnar cell lesions, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma, was evaluated. The association between lobular neoplasia and breast lesions was analyzed by Fisher's exact test and chi-square test for linear trend. RESULTS: We analyzed 5650 breast specimens, selecting 135 breast specimens (2.4%) that had a diagnosis of lobular neoplasia, corresponding to 106 patients. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were available for 84 cases, 5 of which were excluded because they contained only "indeterminate" in situ lesions. Of the 79 remaining cases, columnar cell lesions were present in 78.5%, primarily with columnar cell changes without atypia (67.7%). Invasive carcinoma was present in 45.6% of cases of lobular neoplasia--a similar frequency (47.2%) as invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma. We noted a significant linear trend (p < 0.03) of a higher frequency of invasive carcinomas that were concomitant with lobular carcinoma in situ compared with atypical lobular hyperplasia. Invasive lobular carcinomas were associated with lobular carcinoma in situ in 33% of cases, compared with 2.8% of atypical lobular hyperplasia cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm a frequent association between lobular neoplasia and columnar cell lesions, the majority of which lacked atypia. We also observed a greater frequency of invasive carcinoma, more commonly invasive lobular carcinoma, associated with more developed forms of lobular neoplasia (lobular carcinoma in situ).

[Breast cancer screening: have there been any changes during the last decade? A study in a Spanish unit].

BACKGROUND: Breast screening programs in Spain cover almost 100% of population. The objective of the present study was to analyze if there have been any changes during the last decade in our breast screening unit (Unidad de Prevención del Cáncer de Mama de Castellón) that can also be extrapolated to other breast screening units. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive analysis reviewing patients seen in our breast screening unit between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009. Patients with a final diagnosis of carcinoma, year of diagnosis, age, histological type, infiltration, surgical procedure and tumor extension were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 311 breast cancers were diagnosed among 90,010 women who were seen at our breast screening unit. Mean age of the patients was 56 years. A progressive increase of the target population was seen (24,004 persons in 2000 and 31,950 in 2009). Histological type, percentage of infiltrative tumors and lymph node involvement did not show significant differences by year. Differences were observed for tumor size (pT category of TNM classification) and breast conservation surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor stage in cancers diagnosed in breast screening units progressively decreased when the program was being implemented. There is a maximum level among which tumor characteristics remain constant. Changes in screening programs can modify these characteristics.

Abordagem atual do carcinoma ductal in situ da mama / Current approach of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS) é uma proliferação de células epiteliais malignas confinadas dentro da membrana basal dos ductos mamários. Houve um aumento expressivo do diagnóstico do CDIS nas duas últimas décadas devido aos programas de rastreamento de câncer de mama. Conseqüentemente, a abordagem de pacientes com estas lesões assume grande importância na prática clínica diária. A apresentação mais comum do CDIS na mamografia são as microcalcificações. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos o agulhamento mamário guiado por mamografia continua sendo o método padrão para obtenção de material para o estudo histopatológico das alterações mamográficas suspeitas. As opções terapêuticas para o CDIS incluem mastectomia, excisão local combinada ou não com radioterapia. Abordagem axilar não é necessária no tratamento do CDIS puro sendo indicado em casos selecionados como no caso de micro-invasão ou em lesões extensas quando há indicação de mastectomia. Nestes casos a pesquisa do linfonodo sentinela pode ser uma excelente alternativa. Nos casos de cirurgia conservadora deve-se ter sempre a preocupação de obter margens cirúrgicas livres, sendo este o fator mais importante no controle local da doença. Apesar dos estudos mostrarem que o tamoxifeno reduz eventos invasivos e não invasivos, bilateralmente existem alguns efeitos adversos que devem ser discutidos com o paciente. Tendo em vista que o CDIS constitui um grupo heterogêneo de lesões e não uma única entidade e que as pacientes têm diferentes necessidades, utilizar um único enfoque para todos os CDIS e para todas as pacientes não é adequado. Por isto a seleção do tratamento para as pacientes com CDIS deve ser individualizada. A tomada de decisões terapêuticas deve ser compartilhada entre todos os médicos especialistas envolvidos, levando-se em conta as particularidades de cada paciente e sua doença

Cáncer de mama: experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes 1996-2005 / Breast Cancer: Centro Integral de la Mama de Clínica Las Condes experience

Se presenta la experiencia del Centro Integral de la Mama (CIM) de Clínica Las Condes en diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama, a diez años de su formación; y se evalúa si la intervención multidisciplinaria impacta en las posibilidades de conservar la mama y aumentar la sobrevivencia. Se busca establecer el impacto favorable del trabajo multidisciplinario sobre el cáncer de mama, principalmente en su etapa diagnóstica, aumentando los porcentajes de tumores menores de 2 cms, lo que permite incrementar los índices de cirugía conservadora de la mama, así como obtener una supervivencia global del 95 por ciento a cinco años.

Histopathological findings in surgical specimens obtained from reduction mammaplasties.

The objective of this study was to check the histopathological findings following reduction mammaplasty. A total of 274 patient files were reviewed retrospectively. All women ascertained were divided into three groups by age. All of them had undergone reduction mammaplasty between January 1987 and December 2002. Breast tissues resected during surgery were submitted to histopathological examination. Benign lesions were more frequently encountered than any other type of breast pathology. Dysplasia and fibroadiposity accounted for 69.1% of the lesions found, most being in group 1. Atypical ductal hyperplasia was found in 0.6% of cases. The frequency of carcinoma was 1.1%. The prevalence of ductal carcinoma was 0.6%, and most of these cases were in group 3. It was observed that the age group with the highest number of histopathological lesions was that of women younger than 35 years of age and that benign lesions were the most common kind. Lack of pathological investigation or a cursory or hurried examination of any mammary tissue by the pathologist may cause important lesions to be overlooked.

Cáncer ductal in situ de la mama: estudio retrospectivo de 15 años / Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: retrospective study of 15 years

El carcinoma ductal in situ de la mama se ha ido haciendo una entidad cada vez más frecuente en la práctica con el uso más extendido de la mamografía, y por eso parece interesante presentar la distribución en el tiempo de los casos de un grupo quirúrgico, el modo cómo se trataron las pacientes y los resultados del tratamiento, como asimismo la proporción que representó el CDIS respecto al carcinoma invasor. Desde enero de 1982 a junio de 1997 se trataron 1.212 pacientes de cáncer de mama, de las cuales 35 fueron CDIS (5,2 por ciento). El promedio de edad de presentación fue de 56,8 años, con un rango de 29 a 82 años. El motivo de consulta fue nódulo en 15 pacientes (42,9 por ciento), hallazgo en mamografía de tamizaje 12 (34,3 por ciento). Otros motivos de consulta fueron secreción por el pezón, dolor y úlcera del pezón. Entre 1982 y 1991 se presentaron 15 pacientes, tratándose el 100 por ciento de ellas de lesiones palpables, y entre 1992 y junio de 1997 se presentaron 20 pacientes, con un 70 por ciento de lesiones no palpables. El tratamiento, asociando cirugía conservadora sin disección axilar, con radioterapia, logra un control locorregional y a distancia adecuado. Estos resultados son comparables con otras series extranjeras

Breast cancer in West Indian women in Trinidad.

A retrospective review of breast cancer in West Indian women in Trinidad is presented. Breast cancer constituted 17% of all cancers diagnosed and represented 26% of all cancers in females. The usual presenting symptom was a painless lump. The right breast and the upper outer quadrant were the common site of cancer. 85% of the patients were multiparous with an average of 4 children and 92% of them breast fed. Most patients presented in stage I disease, but a significant number of cases were in an advanced stage of the disease. Infiltrating duct carcinoma was the most frequent histological diagnosis and lobular carcinoma was seen in 1% of the cases.