An improved diagnostic method for taurodontism and a comparative study on its effectiveness evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The two commonly used diagnostic methods for taurodontism are susceptible to aging changes, mastication wear and other factors. Therefore, this study proposed an improved diagnostic method for taurodontism, and compared it with the previous two methods as a supplement for taurodontism diagnosis. METHODS: The included patients were aged 10-89 years and admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Hebei Eye Hospital from June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023. Eighty cone-beam computed tomography images were divided equally into 4 groups: 10-29, 30-49, 50-69, and 70-89 years old. The right mandibular first molars were selected as measurement objects. Firstly, |BD| and taurodontism index (TI)-related parameters were measured using Shifman and Chanannel's method and crown-body(CB) and root (R) lengths was measured by Seow and Lai's method. The improved method used the length from the cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to the root bifurcation point(body, B)and the root length(root, R)as the measurement objects. Finally, TI, CB/R ratios, and B/R ratios were calculated according to the formulas given below. One-way ANOVA analysis was mainly used to compare the differences in the values, indices and ratios of taurodontism among different age groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: With the increase of age, |BD| and TI values decreased significantly (p<0.01). The CB/R ratios of 70-89 years group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (p<0.01). Ratios derived from the improved method were significantly lower in the 70-89 years than in 10-29 years group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The |BD| and TI parameters proposed by Shifman and channel are significantly influenced by age. The measurements of Seow and Lai (CB/R ratios) were less affected by age compared with those of the former. The improved method(B/R ratios) was least affected by age, which would reduce error and bias in the measurement of taurodontism and obtain more objective results in older patients.

Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Schoolchildren in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: Dental anomalies (DA) can affect paediatric patients' aesthetics, function, and psychological well-being. There is a lack of data about the prevalence of DA in children in Kuwait. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of DA amongst schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using panoramic digital radiographs of children who attended a single dental center. All radiographs were evaluated by 2 calibrated and trained examiners. RESULTS: DA were present in 110 (20.1%) out of the 546 panoramic radiographs examined: 53.6% in females and 46.4% in males. The mean age of children with DA (9.83 ± 1.29) was similar to that of children with no anomalies (9.96 ± 1.46). The most prevalent anomaly was dental agenesis (9.3%), followed by taurodontism (6.6%) and ectopic eruption (EE, 2%). DA were more common in the maxilla (58.2%) compared to the mandible (41.8%, P = .042). Congenitally missing teeth were significantly more frequent in the mandible (56.9%) than in the maxilla (43.1%, P = .003). EE was significantly more common in the maxilla (90.9%) than in the mandible (9.1%, P = .024). Microdontia and root dilacerations were only present in males, whilst supernumerary teeth, transposition, and impacted teeth were noted in females only. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DA amongst schoolchildren in Kuwait was considered to be relatively high. Certain DA were associated with gender. The significant prevalence of DA highlights the need for early diagnosis using panoramic radiographs, particularly during the ages of 9 and 10, in order to ensure effective patient management.

Prevalencia de conductos en C de segundos molares mandibulares evaluados en tomografía de haz cónico

Introducción: El conocimiento adecuado de la configuración de conductos radiculares es fundamental en endodoncia; la evaluación tomográfica permite una correcta evaluación de su disposición radicular. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de conductos en C de segundos molares mandibulares, evaluados en tomografía de haz cónico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo conformada por 200 segundos molares mandibulares permanentes de una población peruana, observadas en tomografías cone beam, donde se registró la presencia del conducto en C, su configuración según la clasificación de Fan y el sexo del paciente. Resultados: La prevalencia de la configuración radicular en forma de C en segundos molares inferiores fue del 65,5 por ciento; según la Clasificación de Fan se observó mayor prevalencia en el tercio cervical del conducto radicular el tipo C1 con 85,7 por ciento; en el tercio medio el tipo C2 con 42,9 por ciento; a nivel apical fue el tipo C3C con 72,1 por ciento; según el sexo, el 65,2 por ciento de los conductos en C correspondió al femenino. Conclusión: La prevalencia de los conductos en C de los segundos molares mandibulares evaluados en tomografías de haz cónico fue de 65,5 por ciento con mayor predominio en el sexo femenino. La evaluación tomográfica permite una mejor identificación y configuración interna de los conductos radiculares(AU)

Introduction: Adequate knowledge of the configuration of root canals is fundamental in endodontics; tomographic evaluation allows a correct assessment of their radicular arrangement. Objective: To determine the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars, evaluated by cone beam tomography. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out; the sample consisted of 200 permanent mandibular second molars from a Peruvian population, observed in cone beam tomography, where the presence of the C-shaped canal, its configuration according to Fan's classification and the patient's gender were recorded. Results: The prevalence of the C-shaped root canal configuration in lower second molars was 65.5 percent; according to the Fan classification, the highest prevalence was observed in the cervical third of the root canal, type C1 with 85.7 percent; in the middle third, type C2 with 42.9 percent; at the apical level it was type C3C with 72.1 percent; according to gender, 65.2 percent of the C-shaped canals corresponded to females. Conclusion: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars evaluated in cone beam tomography was 65.5% with a higher predominance in the female gender. The tomographic evaluation allows a better identification and internal configuration of the root canals(AU)

Root Canal Treatment of Oehlers Type III Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisor and Remote Sinus Tract Using Dental Surgical Microscope and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Dens invaginatus is a morphological abnormality of the tooth that results from a developmental anomaly during tooth formation, in which part of the enamel and dentin of the crown invaginates into the pulp cavity. This report describes a case of a maxillary lateral incisor with apical periodontitis apparently caused by Oehlers Type III dens invaginatus. The patient was a 69-year-old man who visited our clinic complaining of discomfort in the maxillary right lateral incisor. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed dens invaginatus of the maxillary lateral incisor and a sinus tract in the maxillary central incisor region, which was derived from apical periodontitis of the maxillary lateral incisor. The dens invaginatus was accompanied by a complex root canal morphology. Treatment, which was performed using a dental surgical microscope, had a favorable outcome. The patient remains in good condition at 1 year postoperatively.

Root canal treatment of type â ¡ and â ¢A double dens invaginatus in maxillary lateral incisor: a case report.

Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly of the teeth that is caused by the infolding of enamel organs or the penetration of their proliferations into dental papillae before calcification has occurred. The presence of double dens invaginatus is extremely rare. This paper describes the use of cone beam computed tomography in the evaluation of a maxillary lateral incisor with double dens invaginatus and periapical periodontitis. The tooth was treated through microscopic root canal therapy. The tooth was free of clinical symptoms, and the periradicular lesion narrowed during the follow-up period of 1 year.

CBCT imaging and root canal treatment for taurodontism in mandibular second molar - A case report and literature review.

The mandibular second molar exhibits a wide range of intricate root canal variations, which can present challenges and difficulties in achieving successful root canal treatment. This report focuses on two specific cases involving a root canal variation in a typical taurodontism of the mandibular second molar. To provide a comprehensive analysis and illustration of the anatomical structure of intraoral taurodontism and the important considerations for root canal treatment, we utilized advanced imaging techniques such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a dental microscope. By combining these tools, we were able to gain a deeper understanding of the complex root canal system and make informed decisions during the treatment process.

Root canal treatment of type Ⅱ and ⅢA double dens invaginatus in maxillary lateral incisor: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Dens invaginatus is a rare developmental anomaly of the teeth that is caused by the infolding of enamel organs or the penetration of their proliferations into dental papillae before calcification has occurred. The presence of double dens invaginatus is extremely rare. This paper describes the use of cone beam computed tomography in the evaluation of a maxillary lateral incisor with double dens invaginatus and periapical periodontitis. The tooth was treated through microscopic root canal therapy. The tooth was free of clinical symptoms, and the periradicular lesion narrowed during the follow-up period of 1 year.

Atypical Radicular Anatomy in Permanent Human Teeth: A Systematic Review.

The aim of the present study is to classify and quantify the anatomical variations of teeth in terms of form and number of root canals reported in human teeth employing the classification systems proposed previously. An electronic (PubMed) and manual search were performed to identify case reports noting any of the anatomical variations. Each alteration was studied independently. The electronic search was performed using the following keywords: anatomical aberration, root canal, permanent Dentition, case report, c-shaped canal, dens invaginatus, palato-radicular groove, palato-radicular groove, palato-gingival groove, radix entomolaris, dental fusion, dental gemination, taurodontism, dilaceration. The initial search revealed 1497 papers, of which 938 were excluded after analyzing the titles and abstracts. Therefore, 559 potential papers were considered. Of those, 140 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. For the final revision, 419 papers were considered. We found that the mandibular first premolar had the highest prevalence of C-shaped canals. Dens invaginatus was more frequently found in the mandibular lateral incisor. Taurodontism was more prevalent in the maxillary first molar and in the mandibular first molar. Dilaceration was not clearly associated with a particular tooth. The classifications systems used in this review allowed for the better understanding and analysis of the many anatomical variations present in teeth. The variations in shape most found were dens invaginatus and radix entomolaris. The most frequently reported anatomical variation was in the number of canals.

The C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in an Emirati population.

Our study aimed to describe the root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Emirati population and to study the prevalence and types of morphological change in C-shaped canal configuration along the root length in an effort to describe C-shaped molars as a unit. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of Emirati patients were analyzed in multiple plans and root and canal configuration of mandibular second molars were evaluated. Moreover, specific types of morphological change in C-shaped canal configuration along root length were studied and reconstructed using 3D reconstruction software. A total of 508 mandibular second molars were evaluated. Among the non-C-shaped mandibular second molars, two separate roots were the most prevalent root morphology (78.3%). The mesial root's most common root canal configuration was Vertucci Type II (46.5%), and in the distal root, Vertucci Type I (90.5%). The prevalence of C-shaped mandibular second molars was 17.9% and was significantly prevalent (P < 0.001) in females. Specific types of morphological change in C-shaped molars along the root length were observed and described for the first time, in which the most common types of morphological change were C1-C2-C3d (18%), C1-C3c-C3d (15.4%), C4-C3c-C3d (7.7%), and C3c-C3c-C3d (7.7%). This study showed wide variations in the root and canal morphology in mandibular second molars in Emirati population with a relatively high prevalence of C-shaped canal configuration (17.9%). Moreover, specific types of morphological change in C-shaped configuration were detected and described for the first time in this population.

Taurodontism in maxillary and mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomography in a dental center in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by altered crown root ratio that is often diagnosed by radiographic evaluation. A three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of taurodontic teeth. Only one study has reported the prevalence of taurodontism in a Saudi population. OBJECTIVE: Determine prevalence and other characteristics of taurodontism in permanent maxillary and mandibular molars, by CBCT in a dental center in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: College of dentistry. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The first and second molars, maxillary and mandibular, from study participants of Saudi origin from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia were evaluated for taurodontism based on the criteria of Shifman and Chanannel. The degree of taurodontism was determined by the taurodontism index. Results were tabulated for analysis and the chi-square test was applied for the differences between age groups, genders, and maxillary and mandibular teeth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics of taurodontism. SAMPLE SIZE: 1839 teeth in 300 individuals. RESULTS: Taurodontism was seen in 24 (8%) of the study participants and in 71 teeth (3.9%). Taurodontism was significantly more prevalent in individuals between 21 and 40 years of age. Hypotaurodontism (67.6%, n=48) was most prevalent, followed by mesotaurodontism (23.9%, n=17) and hypertaurodontism (8.5%, n=6). The maxillary molars were more commonly involved than mandibular, but the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences in gender were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Dental clinicians should be familiar with the condition due to the clinical implications in oral surgery, endodontics and prosthodontics. The possibilities of a complex root canal system, an additional canal, difficulties in canal negotiation, instrumentation and subsequent obturation can be challenging for the clinician. LIMITATIONS: Conducted in a single dental center hence future studies with larger sample sizes in different regions of Saudi Arabia should be conducted to more accurately measure the prevalence. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.

Comparison of root and canal anatomy of taurodont and normal molar teeth: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of taurodontism in maxillary and mandibular molar teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare the differences in root and canal morphologies between taurodont and nontaurodont molars. METHODS: CBCT images of 1200 patients were analysed. First, the frequency of taurodontism in maxillary and mandibular molar teeth was calculated. The Shifman and Chanannel taurodontic index was used to diagnose taurodontic teeth. Subsequently, the root and canal morphologies were compared with those of 250 normal teeth randomly selected from each tooth group. P < 0.05 values were considered significant in statistical tests. The chi-square test was used for differences according to sex, age and tooth position. Z-test was used for comparing percentages between independent groups. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of taurodontism was 7.78 % and 12.72 % in maxillary first and second molar teeth, respectively, and 1.99 % and 2.41 % in mandibular first and second molar teeth, respectively. Women had more taurodont teeth than men. The frequency of root fusion was greater in taurodont maxillary molars. The percentage of C-shaped roots in taurodont mandibular second molars was significantly higher than in cynodonts (19.15 % and 8.4 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Taurodont teeth show wide variations in root and canal morphology. The degree of change in morphology is associated with the severity of taurodontism.

Taurodontism and C-shaped anatomy: is there an association?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation between taurodontism and C-shaped configuration, as well as the prevalence and classification according to sex, left/right position, and arc length in the mandibular premolar and molar teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The presence of taurodontism and C-shaped configuration were evaluated using CBCT scans and classified by two independent radiologists. The sex, location in the jaw (left-right), and mandibular arc length measurements were recorded. The Chi-square test was used to determine the presence of taurodontism and C-shape configuration according to sex, left/right location, and independent-sample t tests were used to assess the relation between the arc length. RESULTS: The prevalence of taurodontism was significantly higher in the female population, whereas the C-shaped configuration was more frequent in males (p < 0.05). In both sexes, the most common type was hypotaurodont (7.5%). In the molars, the prevalence was significantly higher in second molars, and the most common C-shaped configuration type was C3 (39.3%). The prevalence was significantly higher in the first premolar, with C2 (22.4%) being the most frequent type in the premolars (p < 0.05). The arc length and location in the jaw were not significantly affected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high correlation was revealed between taurodontism and complicated C-shape canal configurations. Practitioners should be very careful about the presence of C-shape morphology in taurodontism treatment, and various types of C-shaped morphology ranging from coronal to the apical direction.

Taurodontism in the first permanent molars in Van der Woude syndrome compared to isolated cleft palate.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse prevalence, pattern, and severity of taurodontism in individuals with Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) exhibiting cleft palate and compare with aged-matched non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP) and non-cleft controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) (105 girls and 73 boys) consisting of 42 VWS patients (x¯=8.55±1.02 years), 42 NSCP patients (x¯=8.59±1.02 years), and 94 normative non-cleft children (x¯=8.79±1.16 years) were assessed and their first permanent molars evaluated. Measurement 3 of the taurodontism index developed by Shifman and Chanannel with the Tulensalo modification was used. Prevalence, pattern, and severity were compared between groups. Statistical differences were determined by one-way analysis of variance and Fisher test. Repeatability was calculated by Cohens Kappa test. RESULTS: The prevalence of taurodontic molars was 59.5% in VWS, 45.2% in NSCP, and 26.6% in non-cleft controls. The prevalence and severity of taurodontism in VWS and NSCP were significantly higher than in non-cleft children in all first permanent molars. There was no significant difference in prevalence and severity between VWS and NSCP. The odds for having taurodontism in the VWS group was approximately double compared to the NSCP group. Most of the taurodontic molars showed hypotaurodontism and taurodontism occurred bilaterally more frequently than unilaterally. CONCLUSION: This study shows a higher prevalence of taurodontism in VWS and NSCP. Most taurodontic molars are hypotaurodontic and most occur bilaterally.

Is there any relationship between hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, microdontia and macrodontia? A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Hypodontia and hyperdontia may occur with other dental anomalies such as microdontia, taurodontism, talon cusp, macrodontia and germination. AIMS: The aim of this study to evaluate the relationship between hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, macrodontia and microdontia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 2,348 Turkish patients aged 7 to 12 years and treated between 01.01.2017 and 01.01.2018 in Bahcelievler Oral and Dental Health Hospital were evaluated. Data were collected and differences in the distribution of hypodontia and hyperdontia including other dental anomalies were analysed. RESULTS: Of the total sample of 2,348 patients, 1,126 (48%) were girls, 1,222 (52%) were boys. Hypodontia was found in 177 children (93 girls (53%), 84 boys (47%)). The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia were 7.5% and 0.9%. Taurodontism is the most common dental anomalies in hypodontia patients (39%) followed by microdontia (10%). Taurodontism was more prevalent in girls (42%) than in boys (36.5%). Microdontia was found in 10 patients and macrodontia was observed in 9 hypodontia patients. Hyperdontia was found in 21 children [8 girls (38%), 13 boys (62%)]. The most common supernumerary tooth found was mesiodens (85%) and it's more prevalent in boys (67%) than in girls (33%). Taurodontism is the most common dental anomaly (48%) following macrodontia (19%) and were found to be much more prevalent in boys (53%) (23%) than in girls (37.5%) (12.5%). Microdontia was found in only 1 boy (%7.7) in hyperdontia patients. CONCLUSION: Hypodontia and hyperdontia with taurodontism, microdontia, and macrodontia need much more complex treatment plan. All cases should be evaluated using interdisciplinary approach for appropriate treatment choice. This helps in longterm and effective treatment planning according to a child's individual requirements.

Taurodontism.

Taurodontism was hitherto considered to be a marker of oro-facial disorders. Since then, it has been reported with a moderately high-to-high prevalence on panoramic radiographs in case series of otherwise normal individuals in Brazilian, Middle Eastern and East Asian communities. This now understood higher than-formerly expected prevalence is important to the endodontist, orthodontist and restorative dentist. Therefore, the oral and maxillofacial radiologists should be aware of this phenomenon and its measurements to advise better their clinical colleagues.

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum with radial defects, a bifid condyle and taurodontism: A case report.

Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a rare congenital anomaly involving the first and second branchial arches. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which there is abnormal prenatal development of the head and face leading to the subsequent asymmetry of craniofacial structures. It is generally sporadic, with its incidence ranging from 1:3,500 to 1:5,600 live births and a gender ratio of 3:2 (male:female). Goldenhar syndrome is considered to be a variant of hemifacial microsomia, characterized additionally by vertebral anomalies and epibulbar dermoids. Facio-auricular dysplasias represent a single disorder with great variability of expression, and an isolated ear malformation may represent the mildest expression of the disorder. This report presents a case of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) with radial defects, a unilateral bifid condyle and taurodontism. The presence of a bifid condyle and taurodontism has not been previously reported in the literature. Whether this is a coincidental or new finding has to be hypothesized and confirmed. The documentation of all such new findings is of utmost importance for updating the existing literature.

Dental abnormalities in individuals with pathogenic germline variation in DICER1.

Pathogenic germline variation in the microRNA processing gene DICER1 gives rise to an autosomal dominant, tumor-predisposition disorder. Conditional deletion of Dicer1 in murine dental epithelium shows that it controls tooth patterning, size, number, and shape. The human dental phenotype of people with germline pathogenic variation in DICER1 is unknown. DICER1-carriers (n = 57) and family controls (n = 55) were evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center dental clinic as part of a comprehensive medical evaluation. Digital panoramic radiographs, bite-wing radiographs, and oral photographs were collected. A single observer, blind to DICER1 status, reviewed the dental records and determined the presence or absence of 11 dental characteristics as described in the clinic notes, radiographs, or oral photographs. Subjective phenotypes were reviewed on radiographs by two examiners (blind to DICER1 status) for the presence or absence of the dental characteristics to reduce inconsistencies. By simple association, bulbous crown, periodontitis, and taurodontism were all significant (p < .05). Logistic regression with chi-square maximum likelihood estimates showed that bulbous crown and periodontitis remained significant. Recognition of these phenotypes may aid identification of individuals and families at risk for DICER1-associated neoplasms. These findings may also guide dental care for individuals with germline DICER1 pathogenic variation.

Klinefelter's syndrome and taurodontism.

OBJECTIVE: Taurodontism is a dental anomaly characterized by an enlarged pulp chamber and apycal displacement of the pulpar floor. The prevalence of taurodontism in normal population is controversial. It has been reported that taurodontism is frequently observed in Klinefelter's patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of taurodontism in a group of Italian Klinefelter's patients and in a randomly selected male population of Italy and to compare the results with published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital panoramic radiographs of 16 Klinefelter's patients and of 100 normal males were retrospectively studied in order to investigate the prevalence of taurodontism in these groups of patients. RESULTS: Taurodont teeth were observed in 2 of the 16 Klinefelter's patients (12.5%) and in 2 of 100 normal males (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the higher prevalence of taurodontism in Klinefelter's patients compared to the normal population (12.5% vs. 2.0%). Due to the wide discrepancy of incidence of taurodontism reported in literature (0.04%-48.0% in normal population; 12.5%-88.0% in Klinefelter's patients), we conclude that it is not possible to state which is the prevalence of taurodontism in a normal population nor among Klinefelter's patients.

Bilateral taurodontism in permanent maxillary first molar.

Taurodontism is a dental anomaly caused due to the failure of Hertwig's epithelial sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. A huge pulp chamber, displacement of the pulpal floor apically, and no constriction at the level of the cementoenamel junction are the key features representing a taurodontic tooth. This condition is most commonly associated with permanent molars. This clinical entity occurs in the form of an isolated, singular trait in majority of the cases. However, seldom, it may be associated with syndromes or ectodermal anomalies. The large and deep pulp chamber makes instrumentation of canals difficult, thereby challenging an endodontist. This case report describes the endodontic challenge faced in cases of taurodontism as well as the clinical steps involved in its successful endodontic management. Furthermore, it shows the typical presence of bilateral hypertaurodontism with respect to the maxillary first molar.