RESUMO
This study aims to identify criticisms of rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery through an analysis of "Dr Heidegger's Experiment" (1837), written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Dr Heidegger an eccentric, aged scientist, invites 4 elderly friends to be his subjects of study. The guests drink the water from the "fountain of Youth." As their youth is restored, they revert to the foolish behaviors of their younger days. The 3 men soon start vying for the affection of the now youthful and attractive widow. In the midst of their rivalry over the widow, the vase is shattered, and miraculous water spills out. The guests revert to their elderly states. To regain their lost youth, they journey in search of the fountain. Hawthorne viewed rejuvenation procedures as consumptive and physically destructive transformations. His novel captures the modern anxiety surrounding rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery through the lens of literary fantasy. Observing the transformation of the 4 guests, Dr Heidegger understands that youth is too meager a prize to trade for the wisdom that comes with old age. Advancements in medical science have alleviated modern individuals' concerns regarding rejuvenation and cosmetic surgery. Eugen Holländer and Erich Lexer independently performed a facelift in Germany (1901). Charles Conrad Miller first described the blepharoplasty technique in the United States (1906). Suzanne Noël performed a rhytidectomy in France (1912). For the plastic surgeon, it is important to sculpt the face in a way that reflects the patient's virtues, such as wisdom and dignity-qualities that Hawthorne highlighted through the character of Dr Heidegger.
Assuntos
Rejuvenescimento , Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Cirurgia Plástica/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Masculino , Medicina na Literatura/históriaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Plástica/educação , Cirurgia Plástica/história , História do Século XX , BerlimRESUMO
Harold Gillies, plastic surgeon, and Donald Morton, surgical oncologist, were iconic pioneers in their respective fields. Both of them made their mark by identifying crucial practical problems and finding innovative ways of solving them. Gillies grappled with the challenge of restoring form and function to British military personnel injured in World War I, and he set up a dedicated facility for performing this work. He introduced many new reconstructive techniques that became the foundation of the modern specialty of plastic and reconstructive surgery, which he established and nurtured. Morton, in the United States, applied his problem-solving skills to the long-debated question of the best way to manage regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma. He developed the innovative technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy and initiated large-scale international clinical trials to establish its validity and clinical value. This and other important contributions to the emerging field of surgical oncology earned Morton his reputation as a pioneer and leader of that specialty. The problems that confronted Gillies and Morton were completely different, but both demonstrated remarkable skills as master problem-solvers in their respective fields and made extraordinary contributions to the body of knowledge and welfare of patients. All surgeons must be problem-solvers because every patient who presents for surgical management represents a new problem (or set of problems) to be addressed. As surgeons, we would do well to consider individuals such as Gillies and Morton as role models for our own problem-solving activities in day-to-day clinical practice.
Assuntos
Melanoma , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Cirurgia Plástica , Oncologia Cirúrgica , Masculino , Humanos , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Biópsia de Linfonodo SentinelaRESUMO
Trascribimos la conferencia brindada por el Dr. Miguel Alberto Correa-Iturraspe en el Hospital Fiorito, con motivo de un agasajo que le hicieron sus colegas del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica en 1987, unos años después de su retiro. Este texto resume "la cirugía plástica que ha vivido", así como algunos aspectos de su vida y de su forma de ser
We transcribe the conference given by Dr. Miguel Alberto Correa-Iturraspe at the Hospital Fiorito, on the occasion of a gift given to him by his colleagues from the Plastic Surgery Service in 1987, a few years after his retirement. This text summarizes "the plastic surgery that he has experienced", as well as some aspects of his life and his way of being
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Congressos como Assunto/história , BiografiaRESUMO
Héctor Marino (1905-1996) es considerado un pionero de la cirugía plástica Latinoamericana por sus importantes aportes. Fue miembro fundador de la Sociedad Argentina de Cirugía Plástica, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cirugía Plástica y la Sociedad Internacional de Cirugía Plástica Estética. Se describen algunos aspectos biográficos, su carrera profesional y su legado
Héctor Marino (1905-1996) is considered a pioneer of Latin American Plastic Surgery because of his important contributions. He was founding member of the Argentinean Plastic Surgery Society, the Latin American Plastic Surgery Society and the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). Some biographical aspects, his professional career and his legacy are described.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Plástica/história , Biografia , História da MedicinaRESUMO
Cosmetic and reconstructive surgery has existed in many forms since antiquity, but it was the impulse given by the Great War that gave birth to plastic and cosmetic surgery as we know it today. After the Great War, the names of the most famous pioneers of the allies' side are Sir Harold Gillies, Mac Indoe and also Hippolyte Morestin; however, the surgeons of the enemy axis, beyond the trenches, faced the same constraints with their own war casualties. We present the destinies of two great pioneers of plastic surgery within the beautiful German Bismarckian period: Professor Erich Lexer, and "non-professor" Jakob Joseph.
Assuntos
Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Cirurgia Plástica/história , I Guerra MundialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Physicians from the Mediterranean civilization were profoundly instrumental in the early development and contemporary advancement of the craniomaxillofacial field. These feats are scarcely studied or acclaimed. In this editorial, the authors explore the contributions of these major Mediterranean pioneers. METHODS: A literature review on the subject was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Mayo Clinic Libraries. RESULTS: Mediterranean medicine has recognized and managed craniomaxillofacial pathologies from as early as the 10th century. The first inscriptions were authored by Abu Alkasem al-Zahrawi and Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu. Starting in the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci shed light on anatomy and esthetics at a time where Gasparo Tagliacozzi spearheaded maxillofacial techniques. The field during the Renaissance was dominated by Hippocrates Asclepiades. Varaztad Kazanjian revolutionized the armamentarium necessitated by mass emergencies during the World War. In the 20th century, Paul Tessier redefined the limits of craniomaxillofacial treatment by using facial osteotomies and developing refined surgical instruments. Modern day Sam Hamra, Enrico Robotti, and Daniel Labbé continue to lead educational and innovative fronts of the field. CONCLUSIONS: This essay highlights some important historical contributions to the fields of craniomaxillofacial and facial plastic surgery by pioneer surgeons from around the Mediterranean.
Assuntos
Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Cirurgiões , Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Estética Dentária , Face/cirurgia , Cirurgia Plástica/históriaRESUMO
Sushruta who lived in India sometime between 1000 and 800 BC is traditionally recognized for being the "Father of Plastic Surgery." However, "plastic surgery" has been performed much earlier in antiquity, with the earliest origins of primitive procedures dating back to 1600 BC in Ancient Egypt on the southeastern shores of the Mediterranean. Some centuries later, simple plastic cosmetic surgeries were performed, as well on the Northern Mediterranean shores in ancient Greece and Rome to repair damaged parts caused by war mutilation, punishment, or humiliation. Afterward, there has been a historical gap moving rapidly from the Greco-Roman period to the European Renaissance. Ignoring valuable contributions made by surgeons of the Medieval period, like Albucasis and Avicenna, has denied scholars of the Arabic Golden Age that bridged the eastern and western cultures recognition. In fact, all Mediterranean populations, albeit not together or simultaneously, have participated in the development of plastic and reconstructive surgery art and science. All have made valuable innovations, together with others, which cumulatively have resulted in progressive buildup of knowledge and technical skills.
Assuntos
Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , História Medieval , História Antiga , Cirurgia Plástica/história , ÍndiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Hideyo Noguchi is one of the most famous scientists in Japan's history, and his portrait has adorned the ¥1,000 banknotes since 2004. He had a childhood burn injury resulting in severe hand scarring and contracture that plagued his early life and education.The resulting hand deformity required 3 separate reconstructions with the third and most complex surgery performed by Professor Tsugishige Kondo just before Noguchi's final medical doctor license examination in 1897. In this surgery, Kondo released the contractures using the first radial forearm flap performed in Japan long before the establishment of plastic surgery in the country.Reviewing the history of Kondo, we find that he likely learned the art of reconstructive surgery along with many other surgical techniques during his stay in Europe from 1891 to 1896 where he was mentored by 4 prominent surgeons of the era: Christian Albert Theodor Billroth, Vincenz Czerny, James Israel, and Carl Nicoladoni. During this period, Czerny reported performing the world's first breast reconstruction using lipoma transfer, and Nicoladoni performed the world's first thumb reconstruction with a chest flap and with toe-to-thumb transfer. Kondo may have watched these world's first operations and may have also been taught these innovative techniques including the forearm flap directly by these pioneers. He returned to Japan and successfully applied these reconstructive surgery methods in his practice and teaching, as evidenced by the landmark surgery of Hideyo Noguchi's hand, and laid the foundations for the development of plastic surgery in Japan.
Assuntos
Contratura , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Cirurgia Plástica , Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Antebraço/cirurgia , Japão , População do Leste AsiáticoAssuntos
Financiamento de Capital/tendências , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/economia , Cirurgia Plástica/economia , Financiamento de Capital/história , Financiamento de Capital/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/história , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor de Assistência à Saúde/tendências , História do Século XXI , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Plástica/tendências , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgeons are critical for the success of any health care enterprise. However, few studies have examined the potential impact of value-based care on surgeon compensation. METHODS: This review presents value-based financial incentive models that will shape the future of surgeon compensation. The following incentivization models will be discussed: pay-for-reporting, pay-for-performance, pay-for-patient-safety, bundled payments, and pay-for-academic-productivity. Moreover, the authors suggest the application of the congruence model-a model developed to help business leaders understand the interplay of forces that shape the performance of their organizations-to determine surgeon compensation methods applicable in value-based care-centric environments. RESULTS: The application of research in organizational behavior can assist health care leaders in developing surgeon compensation models optimized for value-based care. Health care leaders can utilize the congruence model to determine total surgeon compensation, proportion of compensation that is short term versus long term, proportion of compensation that is fixed versus variable, and proportion of compensation based on seniority versus performance. CONCLUSION: This review provides a framework extensively studied by researchers in organizational behavior that can be utilized when designing surgeon financial compensation plans for any health care entity shifting toward value-based care.
Assuntos
Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/tendências , Planos de Incentivos Médicos/tendências , Reembolso de Incentivo/tendências , Cirurgiões/economia , Cirurgia Plástica/economia , Eficiência , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/história , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado/estatística & dados numéricos , Previsões , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Planos de Incentivos Médicos/história , Planos de Incentivos Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Reembolso de Incentivo/história , Reembolso de Incentivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgiões/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Cirurgia Plástica/organização & administração , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
SUMMARY: Evidence-based medicine, as described by Dr. Sackett, is defined as the "conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence, combined with individual clinical expertise and patient preferences and values, in making decisions about the care of individual patients." In the late 2000s, seminal articles in Clinics in Plastic Surgery and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery introduced evidence-based medicine's role in plastic surgery and redefined varying levels of evidence. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons sponsored the Colorado Springs Evidence-Based Medicine Summit that set forth a consensus statement and action plan regarding the increased incorporation of evidence-based medicine into the field; this key meeting ushered a new era among plastic surgeons worldwide. Over the past decade, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has incorporated evidence-based medicine into the Journal through an increase in articles with level I and II evidence, new sections of the Journal, and the introduction of validated tools to help authors perform prospective and randomized studies that ultimately led to best practices used today. Plastic surgery is a specialty built on problem-solving and innovation, values starkly in-line with evidence-based medicine. Evidence-based medicine is becoming more ingrained in our everyday practice and plastic surgery culture; however, we must work actively to ensure that we continue this trend. In the next decade, we will possibly see that level I and II evidence articles start to inhabit many of our journal issues.
Assuntos
Medicina Baseada em Evidências/história , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/organização & administração , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Editoração/história , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos , Melhoria de Qualidade , Sociedades Médicas , Cirurgia Plástica/organização & administração , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/história , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Plástica/organização & administração , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Editoração/história , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Anormalidades Craniofaciais/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Editoração/história , Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Criança , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/história , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/instrumentação , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Cirurgia Plástica/instrumentaçãoAssuntos
Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Editoração/tendências , Mídias Sociais/tendências , Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Criança , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/ética , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/história , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/tendências , Editoração/ética , Editoração/história , Mídias Sociais/ética , Cirurgia Plástica/ética , Cirurgia Plástica/história , Cirurgia Plástica/tendênciasRESUMO
In 1939, Bangour Emergency Medical Services Hospital was built as an annexe to Edinburgh War Hospital. The Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Unit opened in 1941, one of the several set-ups built with the support of Sir Harold Gillies, to ensure a service with specialist skills throughout Great Britain. The unit was led by Alexander Burns Wallace, who had to rapidly adapt the service to reflect the patterns of injury reflected by the more modern warfare practiced in the Second World War, while also incorporating techniques that were, at the time, revolutionary. Although much has been written about other units, Bangour's activity revealed through its case histories' highlights that plastic surgery was developing in parallel throughout Britain. The influence of Sir Harold Gillies was clear, and his input to support the fledgling service serves as an important aspect of the newly developing specialty of plastic surgery: collaboration and sharing of knowledge. This paper analyses the work of the Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Unit at Bangour General Hospital in Scotland between 1941 and 1942 and demonstrates its historical significance, as well as its relevance to current practice. Ninety-two case notes from the unit recently became accessible. These were analysed and four were selected for review in this study. These cases were selected as they were well-documented with photographs and good examples of the work performed at the unit in order to highlight the innovative, creative and complicated work carried out at the Unit.