Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: An Effective Auxiliary Treatment Method for Large Jaw Cysts.

Background: To evaluate hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on infection rates and repair rates during the treatment of large jaw cysts. Methods: A prospective randomized, non-blinded, controlled clinical trial included 90 patients with jaw cysts, randomly divided into three groups. Patients were treated with enucleations and bone substitute was used in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received HBOT. The primary predictor variable was HBOT. The infection rate, repair rate, preoperative volume of the jaw cysts, age, and sex were statistically analyzed. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the infection rate and postoperative complications. The repair rate of the bone defects was analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance and the least significant difference tests. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance and Kappa statistics were calculated to evaluate the consistency between the two investigators. Results: The infection rate was 3.4% in the experimental group, 14.3% in the blank group, and 32.1% in the control group (P<0.05). The repair rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control and blank groups at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that HBOT reduced the postoperative infection rate following the enucleation of large jaw cysts with bone substitute filling, and it also improved the bone repair rate.

Oral pulse granuloma and oral pulse granuloma associated with odontogenic keratocyst: two clinical cases and a review of the literature / Granuloma oral pulse y granuloma oral pulse asociado a un queratoquiste odontogénico: 2 casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura

Two cases of oral pulse granuloma (OPG) or vegetable granuloma (VG) are presented, one of which was concomitant with an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which is an unusual finding. OKC is characterized by the presence of hyaline rings which include vessels, giant cells, other inflammatory cells and collagen fibres. There are two hypotheses as to its histogenesis: firstly, as a reaction to vegetable matter, such as legumes (thus the nomenclature "pulse" or edible seed) and secondly as a degenerative change in the vessel walls as a result of localized vasculitis. Due to the deceptive appearance of OPG, diagnosis can be challenging

En este artículo breve se presentan 2 casos de granuloma oral pulse (GOP) o granuloma vegetal, uno de ellos asociado a un queratoquiste odontogénico. Esta entidad está caracterizada por la presencia de estructuras hialinas en anillo que incluyen vasos, células gigantes, otras células inflamatorias y haces de fibras de colágeno. Sobre su origen todavía se barajan 2 hipótesis: una en la que se sospecha que se producen como reacción a estructuras vegetales como legumbres (de donde toma el nombre de «pulse» o semilla comestible de una leguminosa), y otra en la que se trataría de un cambio degenerativo de las paredes vasculares, resultado de una vasculitis localizada. Debido a la apariencia engañosa del GOP es fácil que a los patólogos les suponga un esfuerzo su diagnóstico. Se describe a continuación un hallazgo inusual de un GOP relacionado con un queratoquiste odontogénico

Fractura mandibular tardía post exodoncia de molares inferiores. Caso clínico / Late mandibular fracture after lower third molar extraction: a case report

La extracción del tercer molar es un procedimiento común en cirugía oral. Una de las complicaciones es la fractura mandibular. Con una incidencia postoperatoria menor a un 0.005%. Los factores que contribuyen al riesgo de fractura del ángulo mandibular después de una extracción del tercer molar incluyen el nivel de impactación, la anatomía del diente, infecciones locales previas, edad, sexo, presencia de formaciones quísticas y bruxismo entre otras. Presentamos un caso clínico de fractura mandibular postoperatoria a las cinco semanas tras la exodoncia del 47 y 48 incluidos en posición horizontal. El objetivo final del tratamiento de una fractura mandibular es la consolidación ósea manteniendo la oclusión dental. En nuestro caso, al no tratarse de una fractura que sobrepasaba las corticales y sin desplazamiento mandibular, no fue subsidiaria de un tratamiento quirúrgico y se resolvió con reposo funcional

The lower third molar extraction is a common procedure in oral surgery. One of its complications, although uncommon, is the mandibular fracture. Postoperatively, it has an incidence lower than 0.005%. The factors that may contribute to the risk of the mandibular angle fracture after an extraction of the third molar include the level of impaction are the anatomy of the tooth, previous local infections, age, sex, cysts and bruxism among others. We present a clinical case of postoperative mandibular fracture at five weeks after the extraction of 47 and 48 included in horizontal position. The ultimate treatment goal of a mandibular fracture is to reach a bone consolidation with the premorbid dental occlusion. In our case, as it was not a fracture that surpassed the cortical and there was not a mandibular displacement, it was not need a surgical treatment so it was resolved with functional rest

Repair of oroantral fistula via modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy with free nasal mucoperichondrial-osteal graft.

Background: Many techniques have been proposed to close an oroantral fistula (OAF), with most of them involving transoral repairs with oral soft tissue flaps. An additional Caldwell-Luc approach or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is required to address coexisting maxillary sinusitis. Objectives: This study presents the endonasal closure of an OAF through modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy (MEMM) with a free nasal mucoperichondrial-osteal graft. Materials and methods: Sixteen OAF patients who underwent closure operations in our department from May 2013 to June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The main cause of OAF was maxillary dental cysts (56.25%). The OAF size ranged from 2 × 2 to 10 × 15 mm. The first molar (62.5%) was the most frequently involved tooth. All closures were made via MEMM, using nasal mucoperichondrial-osteal grafts harvested from the septum or nasal base. All patients were followed up for at least six months. Successful closure after a single procedure was achieved in 93.75% of cases. No obvious complications or recurrences were observed. Conclusions: Endonasal repair of OAFs via MEMM with free nasal mucosal grafts is feasible and promising. The approach preserves the normal oral and nasal physiology after surgery. It could be used alone for the closure of small to medium-sized OAFs.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 5294 Jaw Cysts: A Retrospective Study of 38 Years.

The aim of the present study is to report the demographic and clinical characteristics of all jaw cysts diagnosed in a single Oral Pathology Department. 5294 cases of jaw cysts diagnosed during a 38-year period were retrospectively collected and classified according to the latest classification of Head and Neck Tumors of the World Health Organization. The patients' gender and age, as well as the main clinical features of the cysts were retrieved from biopsy report forms. Jaw cysts were more common in male patients, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Most patients were in the 4th-6th decade of life, with a mean age of 42.3 ± 16.1 years. There was no jaw predilection and the majority of lesions were more commonly encountered in the anterior region of the maxilla, followed by the molar region of the mandible. The most common jaw cyst was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst, residual cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. The majority of jaw cysts are of inflammatory origin and represent a sequale of pulp necrosis. However, other type of jaw cysts may also be found.

The effectiveness of decompression as initial treatment for jaw cysts: A 10-year retrospective study

Background: To assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program designed to facilitate the performance of a series of steps of oral examination in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in the Bio-Bio region, Chile. Material and Methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study with pre-intervention, post-intervention and maintenance tests was carried out. Behavior was measured using Frankl’s scale and the number of steps of a dental examination completed (1-10 steps) was also recorded. Only 104 of the 188 subjects with ASD that agreed to participate in the study met all the inclusion criteria. Results: 82 people with ASD completed the psychoeducational intervention. The mean number of steps achieved pre- and post-intervention was 4.1 and 9.4, resulting in a clinically and statistically significant difference. Regarding behavior, the median in the pre-test was 2 (negative behavior) and in the post-test it increased to 3 (positive behavior), this difference being relevant and statistically significant. A maintenance test one month later on 63 people with ASD found no variations in behavior and in the number of examination steps completed. Conclusions: The proposed intervention was effective as an increase of more than 5 in the number of steps of examination completed was achieved. Frankl's behavior rating also increased, from negative to positive, in a group of children, adolescents and adults with ASD

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Fate of mandibular canals displaced by enlarged cystic lesions: does the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle relocate to its original position?

Our aim was to identify the positional changes of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle and evaluate the relocation of the displaced mandibular canal after enucleation of a cyst. Seventy patients (72 sites) who had had cysts enucleated were divided into three groups based on the degree of encroachment of the cystic lesion into the mandibular canal and whether a bone graft had been inserted after the cyst had been enucleated. The mean (range) of patients' ages was 45 (18-75) years, and there were 29 male and 41 female patients. Group A comprised cysts with encroachment on the mandibular canal that were enucleated without a bone graft; Group B consisted of cysts with no encroachment of the mandibular canal, but were enucleated without a bone graft; and Group C comprised cysts with encroachment of the mandibular canal that were enucleated with a bone graft. The displacement of the mandibular canal was identified from analysis of computed tomographic (CT) images. Changes in the position of the mandibular canal were measured on panoramic radiographs. The mandibular canal was repositioned superiorly by a mean (SD) of 2.4 (1.65)mm after enucleation of the cyst, which was significant in Group A (p<0.001), but not in Groups B and C. These results indicate that the displaced inferior alveolar neurovascular bundles that were not surrounded by bony canal tended to relocate towards a supposedly normal position, and after enucleation of the cyst the mandibular canal was remodelled in this new location. This tendency to relocate was blocked by bone grafting. Bone grafts are therefore recommended in cases where enough bony height is required for future insertion of implants.

Volumetric analysis of keratocystic odontogenic tumors and non-neoplastic jaw cysts - Comparison and its clinical relevance.

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is capable of causing vast osseous destruction. Histopathological examination is pivotal for diagnosis. The diagnostic process can sometimes be hindered by tissue inflammation of KCOTs with loss of defining criteria, resulting in misdiagnosis as an odontogenic jaw cyst. We discuss the possible merits of volumetric analysis when facing this particular diagnostic dilemma and for pathophysiological characterization of KCOTs. We included 114 patients, of whom 27 were histopathologically diagnosed with a KCOT and 87 with dentigerous (n = 41) and periapical cyst (n = 46). Semiautomatic segmentation and radiological analysis of preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image data was carried out using ITK-SNAP. The mean volumetric extent of KCOTs is significantly higher compared to non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts (p = 0.001). The mean volume and standard deviation for KCOTs and non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts was 10381 mm3 ± 6410 and 5813 mm3 ± 4425, respectively. Volumetric analysis reveals that KCOTs significantly exceed the mean size of non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts, adding an argument in favor of the neoplastic nature of KCOTs. In the case of difficult histopathological examination, lesions with a size exceeding a value of about 3000 mm3 could be considered for close clinico-radiologic follow-up.

Conservative surgical treatment of the jaw cysts in children: Case study of five patients.

AIMS: Conservative treatment of jaw cysts establishes low surgical complication risk and protects vital anatomical structures such as inferior alveolar nerve, maxillary sinus and permanent tooth germs. Marsupialization and decompression have been widely used in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the conservative treatment of jaw cysts in five children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article presents case series of marsupialization in jaw cysts associated with impacted teeth in five children. A total of nine impacted teeth within the cystic lesions were observed. RESULTS: Complete resolution of all cystic lesions and simultaneous eruption of six impacted teeth within the cyst were managed. The other two teeth were erupted orthodontically and one had to be extracted. CONCLUSIONS: Marsupialization is effective for the treatment of cystic lesions in growing patients as it preserves vital anatomical structures and enables eruption of the impacted teeth within the cyst.

Odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts: An analysis of 526 cases in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the age, gender, and sites of different types of odontogenic cysts (OCs) and non-OCs (nOCs) (seen in eastern Anatolian population in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following data were collected from the clinical records and histopathology reports of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Oral Pathology, Ataturk University, Turkey, during a period of 10 years. They were analyzed descriptively in terms of incidence, age, sex, cyst type, and site. RESULTS: A total of 526 cysts were diagnosed during a 10-year period. Of these, 330 (62.7%) were in males, and 196 (37.3%) were in females, the male:female ratio was 1.7:1. There were 509 (96.8%) OCs and 17 (3.2%) nOCs. There were 406 (77.2%) inflammatory OCs and 103 (19.6%) developmental OCs. Radicular cysts were the most frequent (66.4%), followed by dentigerous (19.2%) and residual (10.8%) cysts. Only nasopalatine duct cyst was found as nOC in this study (3.2%). CONCLUSION: The distribution of jaw cysts in the Turkish Eastern Anatolian population is relatively similar to that of other populations reported in previous studies in the literature, in which most OCs were of inflammatory origin. However, the relative rates of cysts were higher than those reported in other studies.

Cystic lesions of the jaws: a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 2030 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiologic analysis of cases of jaw cysts treated from 1973 to 2012 at the Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Verona Hospital, Italy, and to compare the data obtained with those published in the literature. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective survey of 2030 patients treated for jaw cysts from 1973 to 2012 was performed. The lesions were classified according to the 2005 World Health Organization histologic classification, and the following variables were analyzed: age, gender, histopathologic diagnosis, and site of onset. RESULTS: Of 2030 total lesions, there were 1970 odontogenic cysts (97.04%), 50 nonodontogenic cysts (2.46%), and 10 pseudocysts (0.49%). Of the patients, 314 were children (15.47%), and 1716 were adults (84.53%). Mean age was 37.24 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.71:1. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide variety of cysts, some of which are subject to variations according to gender, localization, and age.

Diagnosing the most common odontogenic cystic and osseous lesions of the jaws for the practicing pathologist.

Odontogenic cysts and osseous lesions are often seen as challenging diagnostic lesions but the majority of them are easily classified. This article outlines the diagnostic features required for separating the most common of odontogenic cysts and select osseous lesions of the jaws. Clinical and radiographic findings of these jaw lesions often lead to a differential diagnosis that only the histologic findings will clarify. Dentigerous cyst, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and certain ameloblastomas that have cystic change, may have identical radiographic findings, with only separation by their specific histologic features leading to the significantly different treatments required for each. Conversely, some cystic lesions can appear histologically identical and cannot be diagnosed without the radiographic findings. Certain osseous lesions of the jaws are particularly problematic for diagnosis without the appropriate radiographic findings, and the diagnosis should probably not be attempted on the histologic findings alone. This article will integrate the necessary clinical, radiographic, and histologic findings required to address the most common odontogenic lesions.

Cherubism. A case report.

Cherubism is a rare disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is classified as a benign fibro-osseous lesions and may involve either facial bone. Its typical dentofacial deformities are caused by mutations in the SH3BP2 gene. The protein encoded by SH3BP2 had a significant role in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Accordingly with the radiological findings, differential diagnoses includes fibrous dysplasia, giant cell granuloma, osteosarcoma, juvenile ossifying fibroma, fibrous osteoma, odontogenic cyst and hyperparathyroidism. The aim of the present report is twofold. First, we examine the importance of the proper management of these cases. Second, we describe this rare syndrome with the goal of proposing suitable treatments.

Focal Benign Disorders of the Pediatric Mandible With Radiologic-Histopathologic Correlation: Mandibular Development and Lucent Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: Lucent lesions of the pediatric mandible may present variably. Cysts, neoplasms, and developmental and inflammatory conditions have a host of possible causes. There is also substantial overlap in the imaging appearance of cysts and that of benign but locally aggressive tumors that need to undergo resection. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this article is to present common and uncommon lucent lesions of the mandible in children, with an emphasis on benign abnormalities. Discussions of imaging and histopathologic features are provided.

Tratamento conservador de um cisto odontogênico ­ relato de caso / Conservative treatment of an odontogenic cyst ­ case report

Cistos odontogênicos são aqueles derivados de remanescentes epiteliais associados com a formação dos dentes. Representam um desenvolvimento anormal da odontogênese, em algum momento, podendo derivar da lâmina dentária, bainha de Hertwig ou do órgão do esmalte. Na medida em que aumenta a pressão osmótica, o centro afasta-se da periferia e o cisto aumenta de tamanho. Com raras exceções, no osso, cistos limitados por epitélio são observados somente nos maxilares. O tratamento de escolha é o cirúrgico, com exodontia do dente envolvido e curetagem da lesão cística. No entanto, quando se trata de um paciente jovem, e o dente envolvido não é o terceiro molar, deve-se tentar a marsupialização e o posterior acompanhamento da erupção do dente, a fim de preservá-lo e mantê-lo no arco dentário. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso clínico de um paciente de 13 anos de idade, o qual apresentava o elemento 47 incluso e envolvido em um cisto odontogênico. O tratamento de escolha foi o conservador, através da marsupialização. Após 2 anos de acompanhamento, o dente erupcionou e entrou em função normalmente, mostrando que o tratamento proposto foi bem-sucedido (AU).

Odontogenic cysts are those derived from epithelial remnants associated to the formation of the teeth. They represent an abnormal development of odontogenesis, and at some point may derive from the dental lamina, Hertwig sheath or the enamel organ. As the osmotic pressure increases, the center moves away from the periphery and increases the cyst in size. With rare exceptions, the bone, epithelium for limited cysts are observed only in the jaw. The treatment of choice is surgery, with extraction of the tooth involved and curettage of the cystic lesion. However, when it comes to a young patient, and the tooth involved is not the third molar, one should try the marsupialization and subsequent monitoring of tooth eruption, in order to preserve it and keep it in the dental arch. This paper aims to present a case of a 13-year-old patient, who had the element 47 included and involved in an odontogenic cyst. The treatment was conservative by marsupialization. After 2 years of follow up, the tooth erupted and came into function normally, showing that the treatment was successful (AU).

[Simple bone cyst of the jaw: a retrospective study of 11 cases].

OBJECTIVE: This study described the clinical, surgical, and radiographic findings of simple bone cysts. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for patients diagnosed with simple bone cysts in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2005 to March 2015. Clinical, radio-graphic, surgical, and follow-up data were gathered. Results were statistically analyzed by central tendency and dispersionusing SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS: Eleven cases of simple bone cysts were collected, including three male and eight female patients. Ten cases (90.9%) were asymptomatic and one case developed symptoms of swelling. All of the cases had no history of trauma in the affected area, and all were solitary; ten cases (90.9%) were unilocular, and one (9.1%) was multilocular.The shape of each lesion could be assigned to four categories: cone (3 cases), round (2 cases), oval (4 cases), and irregular (2 cases). The treatment in 10 cases consisted of surgery to explore the cavity and curettage of the bone walls. During surgery,the bone cavity in seven cases (70%) was vacant, whereas serous fluid was found in two cases (20%) and serous-bloody fluid in one case (10%). Of the ten cases, three cases exhibited complete bone healing and seven cases showed new bone formation. CONCLUSION: Simple bone cysts of the jaws are usually asymptomatic and appear incidentally on routine radiographies. The prevalence is higher in the mandible and young people. The patient usually has no history of trauma, and the bone cavity of lesion is mostly vacant. Curettage of the bone walls of the lesion is suggested for simple bone cysts. Systemic clinical and radiologic follow-up are necessary to ensure successful treatment.