Primary bilateral and symmetric MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal sac mimicking chronic dacryocystitis / Linfoma MALT primário, bilateral e simétrico do saco lacrimal simulando dacriocistite crônica

Abstract We report a case of primary bilateral mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the lacrimal sac. MALT lymphoma is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. When the primary site of the lymphoma is the lacrimal sac, it mimics chronic dacryocystitis. This may delay diagnosis, with potentially lethal results.

Resumo Descrevemos um caso de um linfoma MALT bilateral, simétrico e primário de saco lacrimal. O linfoma MALT é um subtipo do Linfoma Não-Hodkin dos anexos oculares. Quando o local primário do linfoma é o saco lacrimal, ele pode simular uma dacriocistite crônica. Essa situação pode atrasar o diagnóstico e ter consequências fatais.

Aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos de la leucemia linfoide crónica / Clinical epidemiological aspects of chronic lymphoid leukaemia

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 71 pacientes con leucemia linfoide crónica, atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2001 hasta noviembre del 2006, con vistas a identificar algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas en ellos, mostrar las terapéuticas más empleadas, así como evaluar la supervivencia, las principales causas de la entidad clínica y la mortalidad. En la serie predominaron los ancianos, el sexo masculino y la categoría de alto riesgo correspondiente a los estadios avanzados. El esquema terapéutico de clorambucil y prednisona fue el más empleado, con buenos resultados en la mayoría de los integrantes de la casuística. La supervivencia de los pacientes, en general, osciló entre 1-5 años, en tanto las muertes ocurridas fueron causadas por progresión de la enfermedad, procesos infecciosos respiratorios, transformación prolinfocítica, segundas neoplasias y accidentes vasculares encefálicos(AU)

A descriptive and retrospective study of 71 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia, attended at the Hematology Service from Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2001 to November, 2006, in order to identify some clinical epidemiological variables on them, to show the therapeutical variables more used, as well as to assess survival, mortality, and the main causes of the clinical entity. Elderly, male sex, and high risk category related to advanced stage were predominant in the series. The therapeutical schedule of chlorambucil and prednisone was the most used, achieving good results in the majority of the case material. The survival of patients, in general, ranged among 1-5 years, whereas deaths occurred due to disease progression, infectious respiratory processes, pro-lymphocytic transformation, second neoplasias, and strokes(AU)

Aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos de la leucemia linfoide crónica / Clinical epidemiological aspects of chronic lymphoid leukaemia

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 71 pacientes con leucemia linfoide crónica, atendidos en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2001 hasta noviembre del 2006, con vistas a identificar algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas en ellos, mostrar las terapéuticas más empleadas, así como evaluar la supervivencia, las principales causas de la entidad clínica y la mortalidad. En la serie predominaron los ancianos, el sexo masculino y la categoría de alto riesgo correspondiente a los estadios avanzados. El esquema terapéutico de clorambucil y prednisona fue el más empleado, con buenos resultados en la mayoría de los integrantes de la casuística. La supervivencia de los pacientes, en general, osciló entre 1-5 años, en tanto las muertes ocurridas fueron causadas por progresión de la enfermedad, procesos infecciosos respiratorios, transformación prolinfocítica, segundas neoplasias y accidentes vasculares encefálicos.

A descriptive and retrospective study of 71 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia, attended at the Hematology Service from Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2001 to November, 2006, in order to identify some clinical epidemiological variables on them, to show the therapeutical variables more used, as well as to assess survival, mortality, and the main causes of the clinical entity. Elderly, male sex, and high risk category related to advanced stage were predominant in the series. The therapeutical schedule of chlorambucil and prednisone was the most used, achieving good results in the majority of the case material. The survival of patients, in general, ranged among 1-5 years, whereas deaths occurred due to disease progression, infectious respiratory processes, pro-lymphocytic transformation, second neoplasias, and strokes.

Exploratory study on the effects of biodegradable nanoparticles with drugs on malignant B cells and on a human/mouse model of Burkitt lymphoma.

The aim of this study was to determine if Rituximab coated Biodegradable Nanoparticles (BNPs) loaded with Chlorambucil and Hydroxychloroquine could induce apoptosis of B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL), MEC-1 and BJAB cells in vitro and evaluate their toxic and therapeutic effects on a Human/Mouse Model of Burkitt Lymphoma at an exploratory, proof of concept scale. We found that Rituximab-Chlorambucil-Hydroxychloroquine BNPs induce a decrease in cell viability of malignant B cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mediated cytotoxicity resulted from apoptosis, and was confirmed by monitoring the B-CLL cells after Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Additional data revealed that these BNPs were non toxic for healthy animals, and had prolonged survival in this mice model of human lymphoma.

Chlorambucil and cyclosporine A in Brazilian patients with Behçet's disease uveitis: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and side effects of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Behçet's disease uveitis. METHODS: A nonrandomized retrospective case-series study analyzed data from 22 patients with Behçet's disease uveitis, from a single Uveitis Service, São Paulo, Brazil (period 1978-2007), under systemic chlorambucil and/or cyclosporine A, for at least 6 months with a minimum one-year follow-up. Drug efficacy was measured by reduction in relapse rate and reduction of prednisone dose. RESULTS: Patients (10M/12F) mean age was 29 (range 10-43) years-old at the onset of uveitis. The median duration of followup was 11 (range 1-29) years-old. Chlorambucil (2-6 mg/day) was used in 13 patients and cyclosporine A (3-5 mg/kg/day) in 9 patients at initiation. Drugs were switched because of no effectiveness or side-effects. Chlorambucil was effective in 78.5% (11/14) and induced disease remission in 43% (6/14) of patients, whereas cyclosporine A was effective in 57% (8/14) of patients. Chlorambucil and cyclosporine A were discontinued due to side effects in 21% (leucopenia) and in 57% of patients (nephrotoxicity, 36% and gastrointestinal complications, 21%), respectively. No case of late malignancy was observed. 36% (16/44) of eyes had final visual acuity < or =0.1, among which 69% (11/16) had already this visual acuity at the first visit. CONCLUSION: This study reiterates previous data that chlorambucil can induce long-term remission of Behçet's disease uveitis, whereas cyclosporine is effective but side effects limit its use. Chlorambucil therapy may still be a reasonable option in patients with intractable, sight-threatening Behçet's disease uveitis.

Chlorambucil and cyclosporine A in Brazilian patients with Behçet's disease uveitis: a retrospective study / Clorambucil e ciclosporina A em pacientes brasileiros com doença de Behçet e uveíte: estudo retrospectivo

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and side effects of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Behçet's disease uveitis. METHODS: A nonrandomized retrospective case-series study analyzed data from 22 patients with Behçet's disease uveitis, from a single Uveitis Service, São Paulo, Brazil (period 1978-2007), under systemic chlorambucil and/or cyclosporine A, for at least 6 months with a minimum one-year follow-up. Drug efficacy was measured by reduction in relapse rate and reduction of prednisone dose. RESULTS: Patients (10M/12F) mean age was 29 (range 10-43) years-old at the onset of uveitis. The median duration of followup was 11 (range 1-29) years-old. Chlorambucil (2-6 mg/day) was used in 13 patients and cyclosporine A (3-5 mg/kg/day) in 9 patients at initiation. Drugs were switched because of no effectiveness or side-effects. Chlorambucil was effective in 78.5 percent (11/14) and induced disease remission in 43 percent (6/14) of patients, whereas cyclosporine A was effective in 57 percent (8/14) of patients. Chlorambucil and cyclosporine A were discontinued due to side effects in 21 percent (leucopenia) and in 57 percent of patients (nephrotoxicity, 36 percent and gastrointestinal complications, 21 percent), respectively. No case of late malignancy was observed. 36 percent (16/44) of eyes had final visual acuity <0.1, among which 69 percent (11/16) had already this visual acuity at the first visit. CONCLUSION: This study reiterates previous data that chlorambucil can induce long-term remission of Behçet's disease uveitis, whereas cyclosporine is effective but side effects limit its use. Chlorambucil therapy may still be a reasonable option in patients with intractable, sight-threatening Behçet's disease uveitis.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e efeitos colaterais da terapia imunossupressora em pacientes com uveíte associada à doença de Behçet. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo não randomizado no qual são analisados dados de 22 pacientes com uveíte associada à doença de Behçet que utilizaram clorambucil e/ou ciclosporina A sistêmica por período mínimo de 6 meses, acompanhados pelo período mínimo de 1 ano, num único Serviço de Uveíte, São Paulo, Brasil (período 1978-2007). A eficácia do tratamento foi avaliada pela redução no número de recidivas da inflamação e pela redução na dose diária de prednisona. RESULTADOS: Vinte e dois pacientes (10 M/12 F), com idade média de 29 (variação 10-43) anos, apresentaram tempo mediano de acompanhamento de 11 (variação 1-29) anos. Clorambucil (2-6 mg/dia) foi utilizado em 13 pacientes e ciclosporina A (3-5 mg/kg/dia) em 9 pacientes como droga de primeira escolha. As drogas foram substituídas quando não eficazes ou não toleradas devido a efeitos colaterais. Clorambucil foi eficaz em 78,5 por cento (11/14) e induziu remissão da doença em 43 por cento (6/14) dos pacientes; ciclosporina foi eficaz em 57 por cento (8/14) dos pacientes. Clorambucil e ciclosporina A foram suspensos devido a efeitos colaterais em 21 por cento (leucopenia) e em 57 por cento (nefrotoxicidade, 36 por cento e complicações gastrointestinais, 21 por cento) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Nenhum caso de malignidade foi observado. 36 por cento (16/44) olhos tiveram acuidade visual final <0,1, sendo que 69 por cento (11/16) já apresentavam esta acuidade na primeira consulta. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo reforça dados de literatura que o clorambucil induz remissão da doença de Behçet enquanto a ciclosporina A é efetiva, porém efeitos colaterais limitam o seu uso. A terapia com clorambucil pode ser uma opção a ser considerada em pacientes com uveíte refratária associada à doença de Behçet.

Final height of adults with childhood-onset steroid-responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the final stature of adults with childhood-onset steroid-responsive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and the influence of disease-related issues on the achievement of their target heights. We analyzed 60 (41 male) patients and/or their records, with a minimum age of 19 years or at a Tanner's pubertal stage 4 for boys or status postmenarche for girls, and normal glomerular filtration rate. Mean age at first and last consultation was 5.3+/-2.4 years and 20.5+/-3.1 years, respectively. Mean follow-up period was 15.10 years. Mean cumulative dose of prednisone was 1254+/-831.40 mg/kg. Mean initial and final height Z scores (HtZ) were, respectively, -0.60+/-1.0 and -0.64+/-0.92 (p=0.72). The final HtZ showed a significant correlation only with the initial HtZ and the target HtZ (THZ). Six patients achieved a final HtZ below -2, which in male patients correlated strongly to the initial HtZ and THZ. A strong correlation was demonstrated between final HtZ, initial HtZ, and THZ. INS-related issues did not prevent the final stature to reach the predicted target height.

Linfoma renal primario en paciente con gammapatía monoclonal IgM / Primary renal lymphoma in a patient with IgM monoclonal gammapathy

Son infrecuentes los casos de linfoma renal primario, ya que la afectación renal por un proceso linfoproliferativo es, por lo general, secundaria a una enfermedad sistémica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 48 años que acude por dolor lumbar y masa abdominal. Después de realizar estudios (TC), se práctica nefrectomía cuyo resultado anatomopatológico fue de linfoma no-hodking B primario renal. Asimismo el paciente presentaba una gammapatía monoclonal IgM asociada, por lo que precisó tratamiento quimioterápico sistémico. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica centrándonos en los criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos actuales.

Reports on primary renal lymphoma are scarce in the urological literature, the most part f them are secondary on a lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys. We report the case of a 48 year old women with lumbar pain and adominal mass. After radiological studies (CT), we practise nephrectomy with a pathological result of a non-hodking B primary lymphoma. The patient present a IgM monoclonal gammapathy who need complementary treatment with chemotherapy. A literature review on currently recommended diagnostic and treatment practices in presented.

[Pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease: a positive single-center experience with the use of immunosuppressive therapy]. / Acometimento pulmonar na doença de Behçet: uma boa experiência com o uso de imunossupressores.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's syndrome, or Behcet's disease (BD), is a multisystem pathology, and survival is related to pulmonary involvement. However, it appears that different treatments correlate with different prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and tomographic evolution, as well as the survival, of patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of our experience with pulmonary manifestations in patients with BD treated at our institution between January 1, 1988 and April 30, 2006. The clinical, radiological, treatment and survival data were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. The mean age was 34 +/- 11.5 years, and 7 of the patients were male. The radiological findings were as follows: pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) in 8 patients; pulmonary embolism in 3 (translating to an incidence of 5.11 cases/100 patient-years); alveolar hemorrhage in one; and pulmonary hypertension in one. The treatment consisted of immunosuppression with prednisone plus chlorambucil (or cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil) in all patients, with partial or complete resolution of the PAAs. One patient with a PAA and pulmonary hypertension also received sildenafil and warfarin, with good clinical and tomographic response (the first report in the English literature). In our sample, the mean duration of the follow-up period was 6.52 years. The three-year survival rate was 88.8%, as was the five-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement can present good survival with immunosuppressive therapy, and BD should be borne in mind as a possible cause of pulmonary hypertension and alveolar hemorrhage.

Acometimento pulmonar na doença de Behçet: uma boa experiência com o uso de imunossupressores / Pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease: a positive single-center experience with the use of immunosuppressive therapy

OBJETIVO: A doença de Behçet (DB) representa uma patologia sistêmica, cuja sobrevida se relaciona com a presença de acometimento pulmonar. Entretanto, sugere-se que pacientes com diferentes tratamentos podem apresentar diferentes prognósticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução clínica e tomográfica, bem como a sobrevida deste pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB acompanhados em nosso serviço. MÉTODOS: Uma análise retrospectiva de nossa experiência com pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relaionado a DB acompanhados de 1 de Janeiro de 1988 a 30 de Abril de 2006. Os dados clínicos, radiológicos, terapêuticos e de sobrevida foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 9 pacientes, com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos, sendo 7 deles do sexo masculino. Os achados radiológicos foram aneurisma de artéria pulmonar (AAP) em 8 pacientes, embolia pulmonar em 3 (resultando em uma incidencia de 5,11 casos/100 paciente-anos), hemorragia alveolar em 1 e hipertensão pulmonar em 1 de 9 doentes. O tratamento consistiu-se de prednisona mais clorambucil (ou ciclofosfamida ou micofenolato de mofetil) em todos os 9 pacientes, com resolução total ou parcial dos AAP. O paciente com AAP e hipertensão pulmonar também recebeu sildenafil e warfarina, com boa resposta clínica e tomográfica. A sobrevida de nossos pacientes foi de 88,8 por cento em 3 e 5 anos, com acompanhamento médio de 6,52 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com acometimento pulmonar relacionado à DB podem apresentar boa sobrevida com tratamento imunossupressor, e a DB deve ser lembrada como uma possível causa de hipertensão pulmonar e hemorragia alveolar.

OBJECTIVE: Behcet's syndrome, or Behcet's disease (BD), is a multisystem pathology, and survival is related to pulmonary involvement. However, it appears that different treatments correlate with different prognoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and tomographic evolution, as well as the survival, of patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of our experience with pulmonary manifestations in patients with BD treated at our institution between January 1, 1988 and April 30, 2006. The clinical, radiological, treatment and survival data were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement. The mean age was 34 ± 11.5 years, and 7 of the patients were male. The radiological findings were as follows: pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) in 8 patients; pulmonary embolism in 3 (translating to an incidence of 5.11 cases/100 patient-years); alveolar hemorrhage in one; and pulmonary hypertension in one. The treatment consisted of immunosuppression with prednisone plus chlorambucil (or cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil) in all patients, with partial or complete resolution of the PAAs. One patient with a PAA and pulmonary hypertension also received sildenafil and warfarin, with good clinical and tomographic response (the first report in the English literature). In our sample, the mean duration of the follow-up period was 6.52 years. The three-year survival rate was 88.8 percent, as was the five-year survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BD-related pulmonary involvement can present good survival with immunosuppressive therapy, and BD should be borne in mind as a possible cause of pulmonary hypertension and alveolar hemorrhage.

[Leukaemia cutis: clinical manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia relapse]. / Leucemia cutis: expresión clínica de recaída de leucemia linfocítica crónica.

We present a 71 year old male patient with previous records of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia who presented with a tumoral skin lesion. Histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the Leukaemia Cutis diagnosis. The patient underwent treatment with clorambucile and systemic steroids with remision of both haemathological and skin manifestation. The patient is still under close clinical follow up and remission continues eight months so far.

Leucemia cutis: expressión clínica de recaída de leucemia linfocítica crônica / Leukaemia cutis: clinical manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia relapse

Presentamos un paciente varón de 71 años con lesión tumoral en piel y antecedente de LLC. Los estudios histopatológicos y de inmunohistoquímica confirman el diagnóstico de Leucemia Cutis. Se realiza tratamiento con Clorambucilo y corticoides vía oral, remitiendo su enfermedad hematológica y cutánea. Actualmente luego de ocho meses del diagnóstico de LC, el paciente se encuentra libre de enfermedad.

We present a 71 year old male patient with previous records of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia who presented with a tumoral skin lesion. Histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the Leukaemia Cutis diagnosis. The patient underwent treatment with clorambucile and systemic steroids with remision of both haemathological and skin manifestation. The patient is still under close clinical follow up and remission continues eight months so far.

[Membranous kidney diseases in adults]. / La nefropatía membranosa del adulto.

Membranous nephropathy is the most common histologic phenotype associated with the primary nephrotic syndrome in adults and the second most common etiological diagnosis in over sixteen hundred renal biopsies on native kidneys processed at our institution over a 30 year period. Renal survival at 10 years is about 70%, but the course of the disease is related to a series of factors which have constituted the basis for mathematical models developed to predict the natural history in a given individual. These factors are gender, age, renal function at the time of diagnosis, presence of the nephrotic syndrome, high blood pressure and the degree of structural damage. Although in low risk patients a period of observation and the use of ACE inhibitors is a reasonable option, most nephrologists would elect to use pharmacological treatment to induce remissions of proteinuria and preserve renal function. The use of steroids and cytotoxic agents in alternating monthly cycles over six months is firmly supported by controlled, randomized clinical trials. If patients are resistant to this regimen or clinical considerations indicate it may be inappropriately toxic, the use of cyclosporin over 6 to 12 months is also a good choice, and it has been shown to be useful even in the context of deteriorating renal function. Mycophenolate mofetil and possibly rituximab may be options of last resort before considering the patient resistant to therapy. At all times, treatment of hypertension, non-specific antiproteinuric measures, and preventing complications of the nephrotic state should be top priorities in the overall therapeutic strategy.

La nefropatia membranosa del adulto / Membranous kidney diseases in adults

La glomerulopatía membranosa es el fenotipo histológico más frecuentemente asociado al síndrome nefrótico en el adulto y si bien globalmente la sobrevida renal a 10 años es del 70%, su evolución en el paciente individual depende de la función renal en el momento del diagnóstico, la naturaleza y extensión del daño glomerular y túbulo-intersticial, la presencia de hipertensión y la magnitud de la proteinuria. Si bien sehan desarrollado modelos matemáticos para predecir su historia natural, la capacidad para predecirla es limitaday excepto en mujeres jóvenes con función renal normal, una biopsia renal con poca esclerosis, normotensióny proteinuria no nefrótica, en general el tratamiento medicamentoso se ve apoyado por los resultados obtenidosen estudios controlados y aleatorizados. El uso de esteroides con clorambucil o ciclofosfamida, o laciclosporina A son los recursos terapéuticos de valor mejor establecido para inducir remisiones duraderas de laproteinuria y preservación de la función renal, si bien el micofenolato mofetil y tal vez el rituximab se incorporen al uso habitual en especial en casos resistentes a las dos alternativas anteriores.

La nefropatia membranosa del adulto / Membranous kidney diseases in adults

La glomerulopatía membranosa es el fenotipo histológico más frecuentemente asociado al síndrome nefrótico en el adulto y si bien globalmente la sobrevida renal a 10 años es del 70%, su evolución en el paciente individual depende de la función renal en el momento del diagnóstico, la naturaleza y extensión del daño glomerular y túbulo-intersticial, la presencia de hipertensión y la magnitud de la proteinuria. Si bien sehan desarrollado modelos matemáticos para predecir su historia natural, la capacidad para predecirla es limitaday excepto en mujeres jóvenes con función renal normal, una biopsia renal con poca esclerosis, normotensióny proteinuria no nefrótica, en general el tratamiento medicamentoso se ve apoyado por los resultados obtenidosen estudios controlados y aleatorizados. El uso de esteroides con clorambucil o ciclofosfamida, o laciclosporina A son los recursos terapéuticos de valor mejor establecido para inducir remisiones duraderas de laproteinuria y preservación de la función renal, si bien el micofenolato mofetil y tal vez el rituximab se incorporen al uso habitual en especial en casos resistentes a las dos alternativas anteriores. (AU)

Cáncer de testículo / Testicular cancer

Introducción: El cáncer de testículo es en la actualidad un cáncer de gente joven, si se detecta tempranamente es factible su curación con distintas alternativas. Material y métodos. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de 42 pacientes que presentaron cáncer de testículo durante un período de 5 años. Resultados. La edad más afectada fue la comprendida entre 21-35 años. La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue el crecimiento testicular en 42 pacientes (100/100), seguido de dolor testicular en 10 casos (24/100). El tipo histológico más frecuente fue la variedad mixta (seminoma/carcinoma embrionario y seminoma/teratocarcinoma). El estadío I fue el más frecuente 13 casos (30/100). Se efectuó orquiectomía en todos los pacientes. Se realizaron 4 linfadenectomías retroperitoneales en pacientes que después de la administración de quimioterapia aún presentaban masa retroperitoneal residual comprobada por tomografía axial computarizada de abdomen. La respuesta al tratamiento fue favorable, con un número de 33 (78/100) pacientes vivos a la fecha. Se documentaron 9 (21.4) pacientes que fallecieron por complicaciones del cáncer los cuales estaban en estadío IV. Conclusiones. El cáncer de testículo es una patología frecuente en la consulta externa de Urología del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social. El cuadro clínico es generalmente asintomático, pero su diseminación es rápida. La orquiectomía es el tratamiento de elección, y en los casos avanzados es de utilidad la quimioterapia y la radioterapia. La sobrevida fue del 92.8/100.

Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) para tratamento da leucemia linfóide crônica / Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

O CAMPATH-1H é um anticorpo monoclonal quimérico dirigido contra o CD 52, antígeno expresso na superfície das células linfóides malignas ou normais, macrófagos, monócitos, eosinófilos e algumas células epiteliais. Este anticorpo tem sido usado no tratamento de linfomas não-Hodgkin, doenças auto-imunes, esquemas de condicionamento para transplante de medula óssea e particularmente na leucemia linfóide crônica (LLC). Os estudos de fase II em LLC revelam um índice de resposta global em torno de 33 por cento, com 4 por cento a 31 por cento de respostascompletas, em casos de doença refratária ou recidivada. As principais complicações observadas foram relacionadascom a infusão venosa do medicamento (febre, calafrios, náusea e hipotensão) e infecções oportunísticas. Atualmente está em andamento um estudo de fase III, com o objetivo de comparar as eficácias do CAMPATH-1H e clorambucil para pacientes com LLC.

Aneurisma de artéria pulmonar como manifestação da doença de Behçet / Pulmonary artery aneurysm as a manifestation of Behçet disease: case report and review

A doença de Behçet pode ser acompanhada de manifestações pulmonares, às vezes letais se não tratadas adequadamente. Descreve-se o caso de um homem de 53 anos com história de episódios de aftas orais e febre havia vários anos, dois quadros febris prolongados nos últimos dois anos, uveíte tratada com corticóide havia 21 meses, hemoptise havia um mês e emagrecimento de 7kg. Ao exame físico apresentava aftas orais, pseudofoliculite e turvação visual. Os estudos radiológicos evidenciaram dilatação aneurismática de artéria pulmonar. Tratado com corticóide, foi feita lobectomia inferior esquerda e o exame anatomopatológico foi compatível com arterite de artéria pulmonar. O paciente foi tratado com clorambucil por oito meses e mantém-se bem, decorridos 18 meses da cirurgia