Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Austroplenckia populnea (Reiss) Lundell chloroform fraction from barkwood extract in rodent cells in vivo.

The genotoxic effect of the Austroplenckia populnea chloroform fraction from barkwood extract was tested in vivo on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice with the comet assay (SCGE), and the clastogenic effect was investigated on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats, with the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations tests. The animals were treated by gavage with 3 concentrations of the extract: 300, 600 and 900 mg.kg-1. Peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice were collected 4 and 24 hours after the treatment to the SCGE assay and 48 and 72 hours to the micronucleus test. Bone marrow cells of Wistar rats were collected 24 hours after the treatment to the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. The results showed that the A. populnea chloroform fraction induced an increase in the average number of DNA damage in peripheral blood cells at the three concentrations tested, but this increase was not statistically significant. In the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations test, no significant increase was observed in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) of Swiss mice or MNPCE or chromosome aberrations for the rat bone marrow cells, for any of the tested doses. Our findings enable us to conclude that by the comet assay, A. populnea chloroform fraction from barkwood extract showed no genotoxic effects, and by the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests, the extract fraction showed no clastogenic/aneugenic effects on the rodent cells tested.

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of Austroplenckia populnea (Reiss) Lundell chloroform fraction from barkwood extract in rodent cells in vivo / Avaliação do potencial genotóxico da fração clorofórmica de cascas do caule de Austroplenckia populnea em células de roedores in vivo

The genotoxic effect of the Austroplenckia populnea chloroform fraction from barkwood extract was tested in vivo on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice with the comet assay (SCGE), and the clastogenic effect was investigated on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats, with the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations tests. The animals were treated by gavage with 3 concentrations of the extract: 300, 600 and 900 mg.kg-1. Peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice were collected 4 and 24 hours after the treatment to the SCGE assay and 48 and 72 hours to the micronucleus test. Bone marrow cells of Wistar rats were collected 24 hours after the treatment to the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. The results showed that the A. populnea chloroform fraction induced an increase in the average number of DNA damage in peripheral blood cells at the three concentrations tested, but this increase was not statistically significant. In the micronucleus and chromosome aberrations test, no significant increase was observed in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) of Swiss mice or MNPCE or chromosome aberrations for the rat bone marrow cells, for any of the tested doses. Our findings enable us to conclude that by the comet assay, A. populnea chloroform fraction from barkwood extract showed no genotoxic effects, and by the micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests, the extract fraction showed no clastogenic/aneugenic effects on the rodent cells tested.

O possível efeito genotóxico da fração clorofórmica de cascas de caule de Austroplenckia populnea foi testado in vivo em células do sangue periférico de camundongos Suíços pelo ensaio cometa, e o seu possível efeito clastogênico foi investigado em células de sangue periférico de camundongos Suíços e células da medula óssea de ratos Wistar, respectivamente pelos testes do micronúcleo e de aberrações cromossômicas. Os animais foram tratados por via oral com três concentrações do extrato: 300, 600 e 900 mg.kg-1 de peso corpóreo. Células do sangue periférico dos camundongos foram coletadas 4 e 24 horas após o tratamento para a realização do ensaio cometa, e 48 e 72 horas para o teste do micronúcleo. Células da medula óssea dos ratos Wistar foram coletadas 24 horas após o tratamento para os testes do micronúcleo e de aberrações cromossômicas. Os resultados mostraram que a fração clorofórmica do extrato de A. populnea induziu um pequeno aumento no número médio de danos ao DNA nas células sanguíneas nas três concentrações testadas, mas tal aumento não foi estatisticamente significativo. Nos testes do micronúcleo e de aberrações cromossômicas não houve um aumento significativo no número médio de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPM) dos camundongos, bem como nos EPM e aberrações cromossômicas nas células da medula óssea dos ratos, em nenhuma das doses testadas. Nossos resultados nos permitem concluir que, pelo ensaio cometa, a fração clorofórmica de cascas do caule de A. populnea não apresentou efeito genotóxico, e, pelos testes do micronúcleo e de aberrações cromossômicas, o extrato não mostrou efeitos clastogênicos e/ou aneugênicos nas células analisadas dos roedores.

Neuroleptic-like properties of the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtusifolia MART. roots.

The effects of the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtufisolia MART. roots on locomotor activity, catalepsy test, amphetamine-induced toxicity and active-avoidance test were studied. The results revealed that the extract caused a decrease in spontaneous activity and induced catalepsy in mice up to 240 min. The extract significantly protected the mice against amphetamine-induced toxicity and decreased the conditioned response in rats, in a dose-related manner. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtusifolia MART. possesses neuroleptic-like properties.