[Use of antiseptic dekasan in complex treatment of peritonitis].

Experience in treatment of 91 patients with peritonitis on various genesis using antiseptic Dekasan are presented. A marked clinical efficacy compared with that of other antiseptics in the complex treatment of peritonitis was noted.

[Application of antiseptic dekasan in urgent abdominal surgery].

Experience in local application of antiseptic Dekasan in the complex treatment of abdominal infections of various origins are presented. The clinical and economic efficacy of the drug application is notice.

Persistence of allergy to anaesthetic drugs.

Intradermal testing and RIA testing for specific IgE antibodies to neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) were performed in patients referred to an Anaesthetic Allergy Clinic. Six patients were initially investigated four to 29 years after clinical anaphylaxis during anaesthesia and two of these patients and sixteen others were investigated by intradermal testing on two occasions at least four years apart. Seven patients had RIA tests for NMBD-specific IgE antibodies on two occasions at the time of skin testing. In all but two patients the evidence for drug-specific antibodies persisted 4-29 years after the reactions. In one patient all tests became negative and in another the skin test became negative but the positive RIA persisted. Evidence of antibodies to NMBDs persisted in 21 of 22 patients who had had anaphylactic reactions to these drugs during anaesthesia. In the absence of evidence of allergy diminishing with time in the majority of patients it would seem wise to avoid drugs responsible for reactions for the rest of the patient's life.

Erythrocyte membrane stabilization by decamethonium and succinylcholine.

The effects of decamethonium and succinylcholine on hypotonic haemolysis of erythrocytes were studied. These drugs at concentrations of 5 X 10(-8) M to 10(-4) M caused a dose-dependent inhibition of haemolysis of erythrocytes in 0.45% NaCl but lysis occurred when the drug concentrations were increased to 10(-3) M. These results indicate that decamethonium and succinylcholine may have a membrane stabilization-lysis effect on erythrocytes.

Cholinomimetic teratogens: studies with chicken embryos.

The cholinomimetic compounds carbachol, decamethonium, neostigmine, succinylcholine, trimethylphenylammonium, and others were tested for their interference with normal chick development. All these compounds led to abnormalities of the cervical vertebrae; at higher dosage interference with normal morphogenesis involved the whole vertebral column. Hypoplasia of the leg muscles occurred with lower incidence. Responses, tested with carbachol, rose from 24 to 72 and 96 h, then declined to 120 h of incubation. Two of the cholinometic compounds used in combined treatment produced a high degree of synergism. Gallamine, benzoquinomium, butyrylcholine, and bethanechol had protective effects. Acetylcholine, at high dosage, caused defects different from the above. It is suggested that the cholinomimetic teratogens interfere with normal development by displacing acetylcholine from its receptors or by forming complexes with it.

Decamethonium and serum potassium in man.

Decamethonium and succinylcholine were used to study the effects of depolarizing muscle relaxants on serum potassium in 60 patinets, free of neuromuscular disease, during major orthopedic surgery. Significant increases in serum K+ were found after administration of decamethonium or succinylcholine in the usual clinical doses. The abnormal elevations of serum K+ found in patients with burns, massive trauma, or muscle denervation are thus accentuations of the process that occurs in normal man following use of these depolarizing drugs. The administration of any depolarizing agent to these abnormal patient groups would, therefore, appear contraindicated.