Periodontal Treatment and the Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective Periodontal disease may predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with severe periodontitis, increases the risk of CVD mortality. However, the outcomes of periodontal therapy vary among the different treatment modalities. We aim to investigate whether periodontal treatment could influence the occurrence of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal problems. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on a dataset released by Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI). The dataset was composed of randomly sampled, newly diagnosed diabetic patients who received insurance benefits from 1999 to 2001; patients who were younger than 18 years of age or who already had CVD before 1999 were excluded. The NHI code was used to identify the treatments, including subgingival curettage and flap operations. The patients' demographic variables were matched using a 1:4 propensity score. All of the subjects were followed up until the onset of CVD, or December 31, 2011. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment on the rates of myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. Results Three thousand thirty-nine and 12,156 diabetic subjects were classified into the advanced periodontal treatment group and the non-advanced periodontal treatment group, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that although the overall incidence of CVD was not significantly improved (Hazard ratio, HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-1.01), advanced periodontal treatment reduced the rates of myocardial infarction (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99) and heart failure (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45-0.80). There was no significance difference in the incidence of stroke (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.85-1.06). Conclusion Advanced periodontal therapy lowers the rate of CVD, especially myocardial infarction and heart failure. Dental management has a beneficial effect on the health of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Is mechanical curettage with adjunct photodynamic therapy more effective in the treatment of peri-implantitis than mechanical curettage alone?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to review the pertinent literature on the effects of mechanical curettage (MC) with and without adjunct photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the management of peri-implantitis. METHODS: The addressed focused question was "Is PDT effective in the treatment of peri-implantitis?" A search without language or time restrictions up to March 2016 was conducted using various key words. The exclusion criteria included; review papers, in vitro Studies, case reports, commentaries, interviews, and letters to the editors. RESULTS: In total 9 studies were included. Among them 5 studies were clinical and 4 were experimental. All the studies used PDT as an adjunctive to MC in their test groups. The laser wavelengths used ranged from 660nm to 830nm. One study showed significant reduction of the bleeding scores, inflammatory exudates and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans count in group with PDT as an adjunctive when compared to MC and 0.2% chlorhexidine. However, in four clinical studies comparable periodontal parameters were reported when PDT is used as an adjunct to MC was compared to MC in treatment of peri-implantitis. In three experimental studies, outcomes were significantly better in group with PDT as an adjunct to MC when compared to MC alone at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The role of PDT as an adjunct to MC in the treatment of peri-implantitis is debatable. Further longterm randomised control trails are needed to justify the role PDT as an adjunct to MC in treatment of peri-implantitis.

Surgical treatment for patients with periodontal disease reduces risk of end-stage renal disease: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The association between periodontal disease treatment and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether surgical periodontal treatment reduces ESRD risk. METHODS: From the insurance claims data of patients with periodontal disease who were free of ESRD from 1997 to 2009, 35,496 patients were identified who underwent surgery for subgingival curettage and/or periodontal flap and are considered the treatment cohort. For comparison, 141,824 patients who did not undergo these treatments were considered the no-treatment cohort. Follow-ups were performed until the end of 2009 to estimate the incidence and risk of ESRD in these two cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the related hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ESRD. RESULTS: The incidence of ESRD was lower in the treatment cohort than in the no-treatment cohort (4.66 versus 7.38 per 10,000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 0.59 (95% CI = 0.46 to 0.75). Sex- and age-specific analysis showed that the incidence rate ratio of the treatment cohort to the no-treatment cohort was higher for women than for men and declined with age. The risks of ESRD were consistently lower in the treatment cohort even when compared by comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with periodontal disease who undergo procedures for subgingival curettage and/or periodontal flap have a remarkably decreased risk of ESRD.

Association between periodontitis needing surgical treatment and subsequent diabetes risk: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that patients with diabetes have higher extent and severity of periodontitis, but the backward relationship is little investigated. The relationship between periodontitis needing dental surgery and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) in those individuals without diabetes was assessed. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the national health insurance system of Taiwan. The periodontitis cohort involved 22,299 patients, excluding those with diabetes already or those diagnosed with diabetes within 1 year from baseline. Each study participant was randomly frequency matched by age, sex, and index year with one individual from the general population without periodontitis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of periodontitis on the risk of diabetes. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period is 5.47 ± 3.54 years. Overall, the subsequent incidence of DMT2 was 1.24-fold higher in the periodontitis cohort than in the control cohort, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 1.29) after controlling for sex, age, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest nation-based study examining the risk of diabetes in Asian patients with periodontitis. Those patients with periodontitis needing dental surgery have increased risk of future diabetes within 2 years compared with those participants with periodontitis not requiring dental surgery.

Dental treatment needs in Dutch nursing homes offering integrated dental care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dental treatment needs of the residents in nursing homes (NHs) where integrated dental care has been offered without financial barriers. The dental status and surgical, prosthetic, restorative, and periodontal treatment needs were determined for 432 residents (average age 78.8 years) in three Dutch NHs. Although the subjects had no complaints, 72% had dental treatment needs. It was determined that treatment was necessary for 64% of the edentulous subjects (N = 316), 100% of the partially dentate subjects (N = 76), and 87% of the fully dentate subjects (N = 40). We concluded that when residents can no longer carry out oral hygiene independently, it is very difficult for them to maintain a level of oral health where their dental treatment needs have been met, especially for dentate residents.

[Periodontal treatment needs in prisoners in the region of Dakar (Senegal)]. / Besoins de traitements parodontaux chez les détenus de la région de Dakar (Sénégal).

INTRODUCTION: Oral diseases qualify as major public health problems, because of their high prevalence and incidence. They usually reach the poor and socially marginalized populations. This study looked at the prisoner's population who is characterized by precarious conditions. Thus the aim of this study was to assess periodontal treatment needs in prisoner's population of Dakar. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross sectional study which interested 375 prisoners living in camp penal, in Prisons for Women in Liberte VI and in Rufisque. The data were collected by a modified WHO sheet. The indicator of periodontal treatment needs (CPITN) was used. Statistical analysis with stratification by sex and age was performed and the tests were significant for p < or = 0.05. RESULTS: They were 335 men (89.3%) and 40 women (10.7%) with a sex ratio of 8.3. The age mean was 35 years +/- 11.5 with a maximum of 88 years and a minimum of 16 years. The mean stay was 39.29 months +/- 17.7. The proportion of prisoners with a periodontal treatment need increased gradually according to the prison stay with significant differences (P < 0.05) even after stratification. CONCLUSION: A more developed and taking into account the environment and the prison stay would reduce the periodontal treatment needs in prisoner's population in Dakar.

The provision of periodontal services in general dental practice in Australia.

Recent studies have documented the low percentage of professional services which are associated with periodontal care. The aims of the present study were to describe the provision of periodontal services by private general practice dentists in Australia and to investigate the variation of provision of periodontal services. Using a day log approach via a mailed questionnaire one in eight services provided were found to be related to periodontal care. Most were of a preventive nature. There was great variation between dentists in the number of services provided indicating the possibility of both under and overservicing. The findings are discussed with regard to the changing philosophies of provision of periodontal services and known methods of eliciting change among providers.