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2.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0297125, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38306339

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary exacerbations in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) related lung disease are a significant contributor to disease burden, as with usual COPD. Separating the early stages of an exacerbation from the day-to-day variation in stable COPD is central to the concerns of both clinicians and patients and has been identified as a research priority by NIHR. Clinical tools that distinguish baseline symptoms from those of an exacerbation could allow early and appropriate treatment of AECOPD to reduce the impact and potentially may slow disease progression thereby improving survival and quality of life. Candidate tools include symptom diaries and biomarkers of infection and acute inflammation. Urinary biomarkers of AECOPD have yet to be explored in AATD related COPD. METHODS: 55 patients with AATD related lung disease with a history of 2 or more AECOPD in the preceding year were prospectively followed for 18 months. Each patient recorded symptom scores daily via an electronic symptom diary (eDiary) based on Bronkotest. Urinary biomarkers for AAT, NE, CRP, TIMP1 and desmosine were measured weekly using a home urinary lateral flow device. During self-reported AECOPD patients were asked to perform urine analysis on the first 7 consecutive days. RESULTS: Type I Anthonisen exacerbations and episodes occurring in autumn/winter lasted longer than Type II/III exacerbations and spring/summer episodes respectively. Median urinary CRP concentration across all study participants increased during Type I AECOPD. eDiary adherence was 68% over a median of 17.8 months (IQR 15.7 to 18.5). CONCLUSIONS: Use of an eDiary and urinary biomarkers to detect and characterise AECOPD remotely in AATD related lung disease is feasible over a prolonged period and paves the way for precision detection of exacerbations.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Pulmão , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Progressão da Doença , Biomarcadores , alfa 1-Antitripsina
5.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 22(2): 283-294.e5, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37716616

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a major protease inhibitor produced by hepatocytes. The most relevant AAT mutation giving rise to AAT deficiency (AATD), the 'Pi∗Z' variant, causes harmful AAT protein accumulation in the liver, shortage of AAT in the systemic circulation, and thereby predisposes to liver and lung injury. Although intravenous AAT augmentation constitutes an established treatment of AATD-associated lung disease, its impact on the liver is unknown. METHODS: Liver-related parameters were assessed in a multinational cohort of 760 adults with severe AATD (Pi∗ZZ genotype) and available liver phenotyping, of whom 344 received augmentation therapy and 416 did not. Liver fibrosis was evaluated noninvasively via the serum test AST-to-platelet ratio index and via transient elastography-based liver stiffness measurement. Histologic parameters were compared in 15 Pi∗ZZ adults with and 35 without augmentation. RESULTS: Compared with nonaugmented subjects, augmented Pi∗ZZ individuals displayed lower serum liver enzyme levels (AST 71% vs 75% upper limit of normal, P < .001; bilirubin 49% vs 58% upper limit of normal, P = .019) and lower surrogate markers of fibrosis (AST-to-platelet ratio index 0.34 vs 0.38, P < .001; liver stiffness measurement 6.5 vs 7.2 kPa, P = .005). Among biopsied participants, augmented individuals had less pronounced liver fibrosis and less inflammatory foci but no differences in AAT accumulation were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The first evaluation of AAT augmentation on the Pi∗ZZ-related liver disease indicates liver safety of a widely used treatment for AATD-associated lung disease. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effects and to demonstrate the potential efficacy of exogenous AAT in patients with Pi∗ZZ-associated liver disease.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Adulto , Humanos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Genótipo , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Fenótipo
6.
Eur Respir Rev ; 32(170)2023 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38056890

RESUMO

Augmentation therapy with intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin is the only specific treatment for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-associated emphysema. This treatment has been available and remained basically unchanged for more than 35 years, but many questions persist regarding its indications, regimen of administration and efficacy. Because AATD is a rare disease, it has not been possible to conduct randomised, placebo-controlled trials that are adequately powered for the usual outcomes analysed in non-AATD-related COPD, such as lung function decline, exacerbations, symptoms or quality of life. New outcomes such as lung densitometry measured by computed tomography are more sensitive for identifying emphysema progression but are not widely accepted by regulatory agencies. In addition, clinical manifestations, severity and the natural history of lung disease associated with AATD are very heterogeneous, which means that individual prediction of prognosis is challenging. Therefore, the indication for augmentation is sometimes a dilemma between initiating treatment in individuals who may not develop significant lung disease or in whom disease will not progress and delaying it in patients who will otherwise rapidly and irreversibly progress.Other areas of debate are the possible indication for augmentation in patients with severe AATD and respiratory diseases other than emphysema, such as bronchiectasis or asthma, and the use of therapy after lung transplant in AATD patients. All these uncertainties imply that the indication for treatment must be personalised in expert reference centres after in-depth discussion of the pros and cons of augmentation with the patient.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/efeitos adversos , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Enfisema Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema Pulmonar/etiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia
8.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther ; 83: 102265, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37923165

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The recommended standard dose for α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) augmentation therapy is 60 mg/kg once-weekly (QW) intravenous (IV) infusions that aim to maintain systemic A1PI levels >11 µM, the biochemical efficacy threshold, in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). However, this standard dose may not be optimal for all patients. Body weight-based dosing, alternative dosing regimens, and treatment interruption periods were evaluated using population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and simulations. METHODS: A nonlinear mixed-effects PopPK model with covariate effects was developed using data from 3 clinical studies investigating 60 mg/kg QW IV A1PI infusions in patients with AATD (n = 65) to evaluate A1PI pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. Model-based simulations were conducted for predefined body weight categories, alternative dosing regimens (60-180 mg/kg QW or once every 2 weeks [Q2W]), and treatment interruption periods ranging from 3 to 14 days. RESULTS: A1PI PK characteristics were well described by a 2-compartment turnover model with zero-order input and linear elimination. Body weight was a statistically significant determinant of variability in central volume of distribution. Model-based simulations suggested that patients with a higher body weight may attain the 11 µM threshold quicker than patients with a lower body weight and that QW dosing was better at maintaining A1PI levels >11 µM, even when higher Q2W doses were administered. Missing a dose for as few as 3 days could result in A1PI levels <11 µM. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that doses higher than 60 mg/kg administered QW might be more clinically beneficial in some patients with AATD, and that body weight should be considered in dose optimization.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Peso Corporal , Peptídeo Hidrolases
10.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 18: 1691-1700, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37559832

RESUMO

Purpose: Administration of exogenous alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is the only specific therapy for the management of pulmonary morbidity in patients with AAT deficiency. It requires weekly or biweekly intravenous infusions, which may impact patient independence and quality of life. Self-administration of AAT therapy is an alternative to reduce the burden for patients who require AAT therapy. We presented herein experts' recommendations for the implementation of a program for the self-administration of AAT. Methods: This project was conducted using a modified nominal group technique and was undertaken in two online meetings involving the participation of 25 experts: specialists in pulmonology (n=17), nurses (n=5) and hospital pharmacists (n=3). Results: The following issues were discussed, and several recommendations were agreed upon on the following topics: a) patient profile and clinical evaluation, establishing selection criteria that should include clinical as well as social criteria; b) role of health care professionals, suggested roles for specialists in pulmonology, nurses, and hospital pharmacists; c) training by the nurse, including recommendations before initiating the training and the content of the training sessions; and d) logistic issues and follow-up, adherence, and patient support. Conclusion: We expect this proposal to increase awareness of this therapeutic alternative and facilitate the implementation of self-administration programs, thus contributing to optimizing the patient experience with AAT therapy. Further research on the outcomes of these programs, especially from the patient perspective, will also help to improve their design and implementation.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Infusões Intravenosas
11.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 208(9): 964-974, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37624745

RESUMO

Rationale: Intravenous plasma-purified alpha-1 antitrypsin (IV-AAT) has been used as therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) since 1987. Previous trials (RAPID and RAPID-OLE) demonstrated efficacy in preserving computed tomography of lung density but no effect on FEV1. This observational study evaluated 615 people with severe AATD from three countries with socialized health care (Ireland, Switzerland, and Austria), where access to standard medical care was equal but access to IV-AAT was not. Objectives: To assess the real-world longitudinal effects of IV-AAT. Methods: Pulmonary function and mortality data were utilized to perform longitudinal analyses on registry participants with severe AATD. Measurements and Main Results: IV-AAT confers a survival benefit in severe AATD (P < 0.001). We uncovered two distinct AATD phenotypes based on an initial respiratory diagnosis: lung index and non-lung index. Lung indexes demonstrated a more rapid FEV1 decline between the ages of 20 and 50 and subsequently entered a plateau phase of minimal decline from 50 onward. Consequentially, IV-AAT had no effect on FEV1 decline, except in patients with a Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 2 lung index. Conclusions: This real-world study demonstrates a survival advantage from IV-AAT. This improved survival is largely decoupled from FEV1 decline. The observation that patients with severe AATD fall into two major phenotypes has implications for clinical trial design where FEV1 is a primary endpoint. Recruits into trials are typically older lung indexes entering the plateau phase and, therefore, unlikely to show spirometric benefits. IV-AAT attenuates spirometric decline in lung indexes in GOLD stage 2, a spirometric group commonly outside current IV-AAT commencement recommendations.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão , Fenótipo , Sistema de Registros
12.
Québec; INESSS; juil. 2023.
Não convencional em Francês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511260

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Takeda Canada Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang GlassiaMC, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain. Au Canada, GlassiaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'augmentation et d'entretien de longue durée chez les adultes présentant un emphysème cliniquement manifeste attribuable à un déficit héréditaire sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (AAT), aussi appelé déficit en alpha1- antitrypsine (AAT). L'indication demandée à l'INESSS est la même. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE: d'évaluation Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de GlassiaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION: populationnelle Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. EFFICACITÉ: Chez les individus atteints de DAAT, le produit d'AAT plasmatique humain GlassiaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent au ProlastinMC puisqu'il affiche un profil pharmacocinétique comparable à ce dernier. Aucune donnée sur la capacité de GlassiaMC à ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT n'a été soumise par le fabricant ou répertoriée dans la littérature. Innocuité. Le profil d'innocuité de GlassiaMC est jugé acceptable et comparable à celui du ProlastinMC. Dimension organisationnelle: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ via la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, GlassiaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à Prolastin-CMC, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Analyse d'impact budgétaire: Advenant l'ajout de GlassiaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. Dimension socioculturelle Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação em Saúde/economia , Eficácia
13.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 163: 114753, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37119738

RESUMO

Congenital alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare inherited disorder caused by the mutation of the SERPINA1 gene on chromosome 14. At pulmonary level, AAT deficiency leads to an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, starting from the third-fourth decade of life. At hepatic level, some variants of the allelic, in particular PI*Z, cause a conformational change of the AAT molecule, which polymerizes within the hepatocytes. Excessive hepatic accumulation of these abnormal molecules can lead to liver disease in both adults and children, with clinical presentation ranging from cholestatic jaundice in the newborn to abnormal blood indices of liver function in children and adults, up to fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Nutritional interventions in AATD aim to provide the necessary calories, stop protein catabolism, prevent and treat malnutrition as in the case of common COPD, and even take into account any liver disease that is a distinctive trait, compared to common COPD. Actually, there is a lack of formal research regarding the effects of specific nutritional recommendations in patients with AATD, proper eating habits may help to preserve lung and liver function. For practical dietary advice in patients with AATD and COPD, recently a food pyramid proposal has been published. It has been observed that there is a marked overlap between AATD liver disease and obesity-related liver disease, suggesting shared molecular basis and, therefore, similar nutritional strategies. In this narrative review dietary advice for all possible stages of liver disease have been reported.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , alfa 1-Antitripsina/metabolismo , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Pulmão
14.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 23(1): 98, 2023 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36717880

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), commonly categorized as a rare disease, have been affected by the changes in healthcare management brought about by COVID-19. This study's aim was to identify the changes that have taken place in AATD patient care as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and to propose experts' recommendations aimed at ensuring humanized and quality care for people with AATD in the post-pandemic situation. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive case study with a holistic single-case design was conducted, using focus groups with experts in AATD clinical management, including 15 health professionals with ties to the Spanish health system (12 pneumologists and 2 hospital pharmacists from 11 different hospitals in Spain) and 1 patient representative. RESULTS: COVID-19 has had a major impact on numerous aspects of AATD clinical patient management in Spain, including diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up phases. The experts concluded that there is a need to strengthen coordination between Primary Care and Hospital Care and improve the coordination processes across all the organizations and actors involved in the healthcare system. Regarding telemedicine and telecare, experts have concluded that it is necessary to promote this methodology and to develop protocols and training programs. Experts have recommended developing personalized and precision medicine, and patient participation in decision-making, promoting self-care and patient autonomy to optimize their healthcare and improve their quality of life. The possibility of monitoring and treating AATD patients from home has also been proposed by experts. Another result of the study was the recommendation of the need to ensure that plasma donations are made on a regular basis by a sufficient number of healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The study advances knowledge by highlighting the challenges faced by health professionals and changes in AATD patient management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also proposes experts' recommendations aimed at ensuring humanized and quality care for people with AATD in the post-pandemic situation. This work could serve as a reference study for physicians on their daily clinical practice with AATD patients and may also provide guidance on the changes to be put in place for the post-pandemic situation.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Pandemias , Qualidade de Vida , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Atenção à Saúde , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia
15.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Não convencional em Francês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1510886

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Grifols Therapeutics Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ProlastinMC-C Liquid, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ProlastinMC-C Liquid est indiqué pour le traitement de substitution chronique chez les personnes atteintes d'un déficit congénital en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine) lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, et présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique. L'indication visée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement du déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, chez les patients adultes présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique ET un taux en alpha1- antitrypsine ≤ 11 umol/L ET un VEMS de 25 à 80 %. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ProlastinMC-C Liquid ainsi que les formulations précédentes ProlastinMC et ProlastinMC-C. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique de ProlastinMC-C Liquid a été basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude EXACTLE) et 2 études de bioéquivalence entre ProlastinMC, ProlastinMC-C et ProlastinMC-C Liquid. DIMENSION ORGANISATIONNELLE: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ par la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/etiologia , Avaliação em Saúde , Eficácia
16.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Não convencional em Inglês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511425

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant CSL Behring Canada inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ZemairaMC, inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ZemairaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'entretien/de maintien chez les adultes présentant un déficit sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (phénotypes (Z,Z), (Z, null), (null, null) ou (S, Z)) et une maladie pulmonaire cliniquement avérée. L'indication demandée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement d'entretien des adultes atteints d'un déficit grave en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (par exemple, génotypes PiZZ, PiZ[nul], Pi[null, null], PiSZ ou autres allèles causant un déficit) et présentant des signes cliniques d'emphysème. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ZemairaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation d'experts sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE: Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique du produit ZemairaMC est basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude RAPID-RCT) et sa prolongation (RAPID-OLE) ainsi que sur 1 essai de bioéquivalence avec ProlastinMC. Efficacité: La quantification de la densité pulmonaire par tomodensitométrie est un paramètre de substitution jugé adéquat par les experts consultés pour évaluer la progression de l'emphysème, même si les corrélations avec les manifestations cliniques de l'emphysème sont faibles. Dans l'étude RAPID-RCT, le traitement par ZemairaMC a significativement ralenti la perte de densité pulmonaire mesurée à la capacité pulmonaire totale par rapport au groupe placebo chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Un ralentissement de la dégradation est aussi observé dans le groupe « départ différé ¼ de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Les résultats de la prolongation suggèrent aussi que l'effet du traitement peut se prolonger sur une période d'au moins 4 ans. En ce qui concerne les effets sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé, la fréquence des exacerbations et les fonctions respiratoires, l'utilisation de ZemairaMC n'a pas démontré de bénéfices cliniques comparativement au placebo. Le produit ZemairaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent à ProlastinMC chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Innocuité:4 L'innocuité de ZemairaMC observé dans l'étude RAPID-RCT est comparable à celle du placebo. De plus, aucun nouveau signal important d'innocuité n'a été observé au cours de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Dimension organisationnelle: Le remboursement de ProlastinMC-C est présentement offert par la mesure du patient d'exception de la RAMQ et par les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. L'administration à domicile de ProlastinMC-C n'est pas une pratique courante au Québec. Celle-ci se fait généralement en CLSC ou en clinique spécialisée. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, ZemairaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à ProlastinMC-C, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Lorsque comparé à l'utilisation des meilleurs soins de soutien seuls, ZemairaMC, en ajout à ceux-ci, n'est pas efficient. Le ratio coût-utilité incrémental a été estimé entre 335 000 $ et 345 000 $ par QALY. Une réduction du prix de 90 % ou 75 % doit être présumée pour atteindre des seuils d'efficience de 50 000 $ et 100 000 $ par QALY, respectivement. Analyse d'impact budgétaire Advenant l'ajout de ZemairaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


MANDATE: At the request of the manufacturer, CSL Behring Canada Inc., the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) conducted an evaluation of the blood system product ZemairaTM, a highly purified human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor administered intravenously. In Canada, ZemairaTM is indicated for the maintenance treatment in adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g. genotypes PiZZ, PiZ(null), Pi(null, null), PiS Z) and clinical evidence of emphysema. The indication requested for this evaluation is as follows: for the maintenance treatment of adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g., PiZZ, PiZ[null], Pi[null, null], PiSZ or other deficiency-causing alleles) and presenting clinical signs of emphysema. INESSS conducted simultaneous assessments of ProlastinTM-C Liquid, ZemairaTM and GlassiaTM, all human plasma alpha1-antitrypsin products. Recommendations for these 3 products were published at the same time. ASSESSMENT APPROACH: A data review of the literature and those provided by the manufacturer was carried out to document the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ZemairaTM. Contextual and experiential data from expert consultation are also presented. Efficiency and budget impact analyses were developed by the INESSS. POPULATION DIMENSION: Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency, or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (DAAT), is a rare genetic condition with a variable presentation that can lead to severe pulmonary (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis) and hepatic symptoms, often with a slow progression. Due to the heterogeneous and often delayed clinical manifestations, and the discovery of new pathogenic variants associated with the disease, DAAT is an under-diagnosed condition. Usual treatments are aimed at alleviating respiratory symptoms and include inhaled medications, pulmonary rehabilitation and, for some patients, augmentation therapy consisting of weekly intravenous administration of plasma-derived alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Augmentation therapy aims to slow the progression of emphysema in individuals with DAAT. Currently, only ProlastinTM-C is available in Quebec, and public reimbursement is possible only through the "mesure du patient d'exception." Treatments that halt or slow the progression of emphysema and the deterioration of lung and liver function would meet current healthcare needs, especially if they were to improve the quality of life of sufferers and their families. Facilitating access to augmentation therapy is also desirable. CLINICAL DIMENSION ASSESSMENT: of the therapeutic value of ZemairaTM is based on 1 randomized controlled trial (RAPID-RCT) and its extension (RAPID-OLE), as well as 1 bioequivalence trial with ProlastinTM. EFFICACY: CT lung density quantification is a surrogate parameter deemed adequate by the experts consulted for evaluating emphysema progression, even if correlations with clinical manifestations of emphysema are weak. In the RAPID-RCT study, treatment with ZemairaTM significantly slowed the loss of lung density at total lung capacity compared with the placebo group in individuals with alpha1- proteinase inhibitor deficiency. Slower deterioration was also observed in the "delayed start" group of the RAPID-OLE extension. The results of the extension also suggest that the treatment effect can be maintained over a period of 4 years. Regarding effects on health-related quality of life, frequency of exacerbations and on respiratory function, ZemairaTM has not demonstrated any clinical benefit compared with a placebo. ZemairaTM is considered bioequivalent to ProlastinTM in individuals with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. SAFETY The safety profile of ZemairaTM observed in the RAPID-RCT study is comparable to that of placebo. Moreover, no significant new safety findings were observed in the RAPIDOLE extension. ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION: ProlastinTM-C is currently reimbursed by the RAMQ through the "mesure du patient d'exception" and private insurance plans. From now on, plasma AATs will have to be registered on the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec and obtain a call for tenders from Héma-Québec before they can be distributed. With this change in management, it would be prudent to avoid treatment interruptions and minimize the consequences that could arise. At the moment, home administration of ProlastinTM-C is not common practice in Quebec. It is generally administered in CLSCs or specialized clinics. ECONOMIC DIMENSION: Efficiency Analysis: At the submitted price, ZemairaTM would provide savings of $ XX per week compared with ProlastinTM-C, whose efficiency has not been evaluated prior to this assessment. When compared to the use of best supportive care alone, ZemairaTM, in addition to best supportive care, is not cost-effective. The incremental cost-utility ratio has been estimated at between $335,000 and $345,000 per QALY. A price reduction of 90% or 75% must be adopted to reach efficiency thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY, respectively. Budget Impact Analysis: Should ZemairaTM be added to the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, an increase in the number of patients can be expected due to patients currently using ProlastinTM-C through private drug insurance plans to continue their AAT inhibitor treatment through the public plan. This increase in the number of people covered by the public system (XX %) would translate into additional costs estimated at over $8 million over 3 years. SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSION: In 2022, Quebec adopted a policy aimed at optimizing access to quality healthcare and services that are adapted to the specific needs of culturally sensitive patients and those with rare diseases. Some experts note that Quebec is at the forefront in the management of several rare diseases, including DAAT, compared to other Canadian provinces.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/diagnóstico , Avaliação em Saúde , Eficácia
17.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 15497, 2022 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36109566

RESUMO

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD, OMIM #613490) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting lungs and liver. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the US orphan drug act on AATD by providing a quantitative clinical-regulatory insight into the status of FDA orphan drug approvals and designations for compounds intended to treat AATD. This is across-sectional analysis of the FDA database for orphan drug designations. Primary endpoint: orphan drug approvals. Secondary endpoint: orphan drug designations by the FDA. Close of database was 16 July 2021. STROBE criteria were respected. Primary outcome: one compound, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) was approved as an orphan drug in 1987 with market exclusivity until 1994. Secondary outcome: sixteen compounds received FDA orphan drug designation including protein, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, gene, or cell therapy. Drug development activities in AATD were comparable to other rare conditions and led to the FDA-approval of one compound, based on a relatively simple technological platform. The current unmet medical need to be addressed are extrapulmonary manifestations, in this case the AATD-associated liver disease. Orphan drug development is actually focusing on (1) diversified recombinant AAT production platforms, and (2) innovative gene therapies, which may encompass a more holistic therapeutic approach.


Assuntos
Produção de Droga sem Interesse Comercial , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Aprovação de Drogas , Expectorantes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Doenças Raras/tratamento farmacológico , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
18.
Respir Investig ; 60(6): 831-839, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35970714

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, modified process (Alpha-1 MP), was evaluated in a clinical trial of Japanese patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety of weekly intravenous infusions of 60 mg/kg Alpha-1 MP in Japanese patients with AATD. METHODS: This was a multi-center, open-label extension (OLE) study that enrolled adult patients with AATD, who had completed the preceding safety and PK clinical trial. Patients were administered with Alpha-1 MP (60 mg/kg) weekly, for 52 weeks, and this could be renewed annually. Alpha1-MP trough levels (Cmin) were evaluated, and safety endpoints include: treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), TEAEs potentially related to Alpha-1 MP, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, laboratory parameters, vital signs, and pulmonary function tests (forced expiration volume in 1 s [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]). RESULTS: Four patients underwent Alpha-1 MP intravenous infusions at a mean (SD) of 210.8 (9.54) for 213 weeks (four years), with a Cmin of 55.73 (4.99) mg/dL. A total of fifty-four TEAEs were reported in four patients, in which most of them were mild (n = 52, 96.3%). Two patients had five SAEs, and all were unrelated to treatment. Three mild TEAEs were potentially related to treatment with Alpha-1 MP. No clinically significant findings in laboratory parameters, COPD exacerbations, or vital signs were observed. There were no identifiable differences in FEV1 and FVC throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term weekly intravenous infusions of 60 mg/kg Alpha-1 MP are generally safe and well-tolerated in Japanese patients with AATD. CLINICALTRIALS: GOV: NCT02870348; JAPIC CTI: JapicCTI-163194.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Adulto , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/efeitos adversos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Japão/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia
19.
Clin Chim Acta ; 534: 71-76, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35810800

RESUMO

It is well recognized that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, its associated diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and type 1 diabetes, respectively. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents might play a role in managing these immune associated metabolic diseases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous acute phase protein being used for treatment of AAT deficiency (a rare genetic disease), has multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptosis and cytoprotective effects. In this review, we summarized basic and clinical studies that reported potential therapeutic role of AAT in metabolic syndrome associated diseases and type 1 diabetes. Studies that demonstrated AAT had the possibility to be used as a novel biomarker to predict these immune associated metabolic diseases were also included.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Síndrome Metabólica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Humanos , Inflamação/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
20.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 110: 109001, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35803133

RESUMO

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a protease inhibitor in the serum. Its primary function is to inhibit the activity of a series of proteases, including proteinase 3, neutrophil elastase, metalloproteases, and cysteine-aspartate proteases. In addition, A1AT also has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities and plays essential roles in the regulation of tissue repair and lymphocyte differentiation and activation. The overactivation of the immune system characterizes the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. A1AT treatment shows beneficial effects on patients and animal models with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes the functions and therapeutic prospects of A1AT in autoimmune diseases.


Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloblastina , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
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