RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Head lice infestation remains a persistent public health concern among primary school children in resource-limited settings, affecting their well-being and academic performance. Despite previous studies, there is no consistent evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with head lice infestation. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to head lice infestation among primary school children in low and middle-income countries. METHODS: This review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Relevant electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, AJOL, and Google Scholar, were used to retrieve articles. The study included only published articles written in English languages between December 01, 2014 to January 31, 2024 for studies reporting the prevalence of head lice infestation or associated factors among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries. This review has been registered on PROSPERO with Prospero registration number CRD42024506959. The heterogeneity of the data was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software, with a 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and statistical tests, such as Egger's and Beggs's tests, to identify publication biases in the included studies. Meta-regression was also carried out to assess the source of publication of publication bias. RESULTS: The review included 39 studies involving 105,383 primary school children. The pooled prevalence of head lice infestation among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries was 19.96% (95% CI; 13.97, 25.95). This review also found out that being a girl was 3.71 times (AOR = 3.71; 95% CI: 1.22-11.26) more likely to have head lice infestation as compared to boys, while children with a previous history of infestation were 4.51 times (AOR = 4.51; 95% CI: 2.31-8.83) more likely to have head lice infestation as compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of head lice infestation among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries was found to be high. Female gender, children who had a previous history of infestation, and family size were significant predictors of head lice infestation. As a result, policymakers and program administrators should focus on the identified determinants.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Criança , Animais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Psoriasis is a common multisystem inflammatory disease, and arthritis is an essential component of the disorder, requiring early diagnosis and prompt treatment for successful management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between nail and scalp involvement and other covariates with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 2021 through December 2021, included 763 patients from 11 different centers in Turkey. The severity of involvement was evaluated using psoriasis area severity index (PASI), nail psoriasis severity index (NAPSI), and psoriasis scalp severity index (PSSI) scores. Predictors for PsA were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. PsA (nâ =â 155, 21.5%) was significantly more common in patients having a family history of psoriasis (43.2% vs 30.9%, Pâ =â .004), nail involvement (68.4% vs 52.3%, Pâ <â .001), and coexistence of nail and scalp involvement (53.7% vs 39.6%, Pâ =â .002). Furthermore, patients with PsA had considerably higher PASI (7 vs 5.6, Pâ =â .006), NAPSI (5 vs 2, Pâ <â .001), and PSSI scores (7 vs 4, Pâ =â .002) and longer disease duration (months) (126 vs 108, Pâ =â .009). In multivariate analysis, female gender [OR: 3.01, 95% CI (1.861-4.880), Pâ <â .001], nail involvement [OR: 2.06, 95% CI (1.293-3.302), Pâ =â .002)], and body mass index (BMI) [OR: 1.06, 95% CI (1.017-1.100), Pâ =â .005] were identified as independent predictors for PsA. Female gender, nail involvement, and high BMI are significant predictors for PsA and warrant detailed rheumatological assessment. Notably, being female is the strongest predictor of increased risk of PsA in our survey. Scalp involvement appears not to be associated with PsA. Also, the presence of PsA seems related to a more severe skin involvement phenotype.
Assuntos
Artrite Psoriásica , Doenças da Unha , Couro Cabeludo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Humanos , Artrite Psoriásica/epidemiologia , Artrite Psoriásica/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Turquia/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Doenças da Unha/etiologia , Doenças da Unha/epidemiologia , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Psoríase/complicações , Psoríase/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , IdosoRESUMO
This study aims to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of self-care products for pediculosis capitis management, in Portugal. A segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series (March 2020) was performed from January 2017 to August 2023 to analyze the short- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of pediculicides and related products. Monthly rates of absolute consumption were estimated by community pharmacies' dispensing records. Portuguese municipalities were organized into quintiles according to their purchasing power index and percentage of youth, to study the association of these social and demographic variables on the sale of these products. COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the sales of products indicated for pediculosis. Since the start of the pandemic, an absolute decrease of 21.0 thousand packages was observed in the monthly average consumption (p < 0.0001) compared to the pre-pandemic period. After this reduction, the average monthly trend increased in the pandemic period in comparison with the previous period, although not significant (267.0 packages per month, p = 0.1102). Regions with higher disposable income and more young people were associated with higher sales of these products. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable impact on the sales of self-care products for pediculosis capitis in Portugal, in the short term. The lockdowns and other isolation measures implemented to control the spread of the virus may have led to a decrease in the number of head lice cases, consequently resulting in a reduction in sales of products.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Análise de Séries Temporais Interrompida , Infestações por Piolhos , Autocuidado , Portugal/epidemiologia , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Inseticidas , Adolescente , PandemiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Head lice infestation (HLI), caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, is an important public health problem worldwide, especially in primary school children. The aim of this study is to investigate HLI level, related factors, and families' knowledge levels and attitudes about HLI in two primary schools in a relatively low socio-economic region in Istanbul. METHODS: A questionnaire on HLI was developed initially and delivered to all children and parents in the school. A total of 340 primary school students, aged between 6-12, were enrolled in the study after the consent of their parents. Their hair were examined for HLI with special combs at their schools, and free anti-lice shampoos were given to parents of positive children. A total of 951 completed questionnaires were received and evaluated with chi-square test using the SPSS® 17.0 program, and the differences of p<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Number of boys in the study was slightly higher than the girls (176 vs. 164). HLI was detected in 32 (9.4%) of 340 children; seven had live adult lice on their hair while 25 had only the nits. HLI was obviously more common in girls (16.4%), compared to boys (2.8%). Analysis of 951 questionnaires revealed a statistically significant difference between HLI and infrequent bathing (p<0.05). The differences between HLI and the education levels of parents, income, the number of siblings and in contact with animals were not found to be significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: HLI is still a common health problem, especially in girls in primary schools. Parents are aware of the relationship between the hygiene and prevention against HLI, but low socio-economic resources seem to be important determinants. Regular combing and training activities in primary schools, in coordination with the local authorities and parents are no doubt useful in reducing the incidence of HLI among the children.
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo , Animais , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Infestações por Piolhos/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In this study, a systematic investigation was performed to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation, and to determine the factors affecting the prevalence of heterogeneity among primary school-aged children in Iran. A comprehensive search was fulfilled in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, to identify the articles on the prevalence of pediculosis. So, all the cross-sectional epidemiological studies evaluating the prevalence of pediculosis were covered without any restrictions. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence. A meta-regression method was applied to determine the factors affecting the heterogeneity among the studied population. An analysis was performed on 67 studies with a total sample size of 358,053. The total pooled estimate for the prevalence of pediculosis in boys and girls was 7.52% (95% CI: 6.15-9.03), 1.99% (95% CI: 1.25-2.89), and 8.97% (95% CI: 721-10.91), respectively. The highest and lowest pooled prevalence was in Hormozgan (southern Iran) (29.21%; 95% CI: 8.89-55.34) and Isfahan (Central Iran) (0.69%; 95% CI: 0.59-0.80), respectively. Based on the results of the univariate meta-regression, gender and father's job showed a significant direct association with the prevalence of pediculosis, but the sample size had significant inverse relations with the prevalence of pediculosis. This study demonstrated that pediculosis is a common public health problem affecting school-aged children with a relatively high prevalence in Iran, especially among girls.
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo , Animais , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Estudantes , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pediculosis is an important social challenge that can be caused by human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. This infestation is cosmopolitan, especially in countries with low hygiene and sanitation. Regular health education classes for students and their parents are required to reduce this infestation in schools and families. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a health education intervention program on reducing head lice among pupils of an elementary school. METHODS: In a quasi-experimental study, a total of 880 elementary school girls were screened for pediculosis in (2017-2018). The prevalence of pediculosis follow-up continued monthly until the end of the school year after a two months educational intervention course. Visual inspection was applied for initial diagnosis of infection. The suspected cases were confirmed by wood lamp and potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopic examination. Also eight questions about diagnostic, epidemiology, treatment and prevention were answered in a questionnaire by 50 volunteer parents before and after the training intervention course, to evaluate their general knowledge and measure the effectiveness of learning. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). McNemar's test was also applied to investigate the prevalence rate before and after the intervention. A p -value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: At the beginning of study, pre-intervention prevalence of pediculosis among pupils was 8.4% (49/594). The mean age in all pupils was 9.86 ± 1.83 years old and the most infestation was shown in fourth-grade students with 10 years old. Analysis of statistics demonstrated a significant difference between having infestation and the number of members in the families. Post-intervention phase led to a decreased prevalence of pediculosis in pupils to 3% (8/594) (p-value < 0.05). Based on statistical analysis of questions before and after the training in the questionnaire, a significant increase of parental knowledge was observed on the prevention program of pediculosis (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pediculosis was significantly reduced following the educational interventions in the school. The applied interventions may be implemented in other residual centers to get rid of this important infestation.
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo , Animais , Criança , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/diagnóstico , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Infestações por Piolhos/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/prevenção & controle , Instituições Acadêmicas , EstudantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The scalp is a special anatomical area and dermoscopic findings of this region may significantly differ from other body parts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the clinical and dermoscopic patterns of scalp melanocytic nevi in patients ≤15 years of age and above, and to analyse their relevance to demographic features, atypical mole syndrome (AMS) and total body nevus count (TBNC). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data and dermoscopic images of patients with scalp melanocytic nevi were retrieved, reviewed and analysed. Demographic, clinical and dermoscopic features were compared in patients ≤15 years of age and above. RESULTS: A total of 196 scalp melanocytic nevi in 126 patients (female/male:64/62; ≤15/>15 years of age: 49/77) with a median age of 18.5 years (range 0-72) were evaluated. Statistically, the globular pattern was significantly higher in all age groups, and the papillomatous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). The eclipse pattern was significantly higher, and the homogenous pattern was significantly lower in patients ≤15 years of age with AMS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively). Finally, patients ≤15 years of age with 50 to 100 TBNC had a higher eclipse pattern than those with 0 to 25 TBNC. CONCLUSION: The findings of this retrospective study might implicate that children with eclipse pattern of scalp melanocytic nevi might be 'moley' in the future with an impending risk of AMS. This hypothesis requires confirmation in future prospective studies on a larger cohort of patients.
Assuntos
Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nevo Pigmentado/epidemiologia , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Head louse infestations continue to be a concern of public health in most countries, including the most developed ones. The present recommendations are intended to inform and stress the role and impact of the different authorities, institutions, industry, and the public in the control of head lice in order to reduce the prevalence of this parasite. We encourage health authorities to pursue more effective methods to correctly identify such infestations, and evaluate existing and new pediculicides, medical devices, louse repellents, and louse- and nit-removal remedies. Pediculicides and medical devices must have verifiable claims in the instructions for use and should be tested periodically to document current levels of resistance by lice to the active ingredients and to the formulated products. Where the prevalence of lice is claimed to be epidemic, children should be periodically evaluated objectively to document the actual level of prevalence. Continuing education for health providers and the general population promises to correct misinformation regarding the biology, prevention, and management of lice. Parents should regularly inspect their children for head lice and treat as necessary. Health authorities are encouraged to eliminate policies and practices that rely upon school exclusion as a means to reduce incidence and prevalence, e.g., the 'no-nit' policy which lacks scientific justification, and are counterproductive to the health and welfare of children.
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/diagnóstico , Infestações por Piolhos/tratamento farmacológico , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/prevenção & controle , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Scalp conditions are often multifactorial. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with scalp involvement and patch-testing outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data (1996-2016). Study groups included patients with scalp involvement (≤3 anatomic sites coded) with or without additional sites. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of patients (2331/48,753) had scalp identified as 1 of up to 3 affected anatomic sites. Approximately one-third of "scalp-only" individuals had a specific primary diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (38.6%), followed by seborrheic dermatitis (17.2%) and irritant contact dermatitis (9.3%). When adjacent anatomic sites were affected, allergic contact dermatitis was more frequently identified as the primary diagnosis (>50%). The top 5 currently clinically relevant allergens in scalp-only patients were p-phenylenediamine, fragrance mix I, nickel sulfate, balsam of Peru, and cinnamic aldehyde. Methylisothiazolinone sensitivity was notable when adjacent anatomic sites were involved. The top 3 specifically identified sources for scalp-only allergens were hair dyes, shampoo/conditioners, and consumer items (eg, hair appliances, glasses). LIMITATIONS: Tertiary referral population. CONCLUSION: Isolated scalp involvement was less likely to be associated with allergic contact dermatitis than when adjacent anatomic sites were involved. Overlap with multiple diagnoses was frequent, including seborrheic dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, other dermatoses, or all 3. p-Phenylenediamine was the most common allergen.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/patologia , Dermatite Irritante/patologia , Testes do Emplastro , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Atópica/etiologia , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Dermatite Irritante/epidemiologia , Dermatite Irritante/etiologia , Dermatite Seborreica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Seborreica/etiologia , Dermatite Seborreica/patologia , Óculos , Feminino , Tinturas para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Preparações para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Irritantes/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade de Órgãos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Alopecia/epidemiologia , Parestesia/epidemiologia , Prurido/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Alopecia/diagnóstico , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Prurido/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Autorrelato/estatística & dados numéricos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A previous analysis of undesirable events (UEvs), reported to four major companies following the use of hair-colouring products in Europe, showed that the reporting rates were stable for both oxidative and direct hair-colouring products over the period 2003-2006. OBJECTIVES: In order to verify the impact of risk management measures implemented since 2006, as well as the impact of a new Commission Regulation (No 1223/2009), the same four companies analysed cosmetovigilance data collected over an additional four-year period (2014-2017). The objective was to determine whether there was any time effect, country effect, or product type effect, as well as identify risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each company collected reports of alleged UEvs, undesirable effects (UEfs) and serious undesirable effects (SUEs) for their products in their key European markets, and calculated the respective reporting rates (number of events/million units sold). A detailed analysis was performed on allergic contact dermatitis-type events. RESULTS: The reporting rates for alleged UEvs and allergic-type UEfs associated with hair-colouring products remained stable over the four-year period, although a statistically significant decrease was observed for some companies. No time effect on SUEs was observed for three companies but a statistically significant decrease in SUEs was observed for one company. Black henna tattoos remained a major risk factor regarding SUEs due to hair dyes. CONCLUSION: The reporting rates of undesirable events, including contact allergy-type events, were stable over time. This was true for oxidative and direct hair dyes, for both home use and professional exposure scenarios.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Tinturas para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Naftoquinonas/efeitos adversos , Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etiologia , Tatuagem/efeitos adversosRESUMO
AIM: Current quarantine conditions are a difficult process for individuals and can worsen the psychological state. Increased psychosocial stress can affect the course of many common "stress-sensitive" skin conditions. This study examined the possible effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hair and scalp diseases such as telogen effluvium (TE), alopecia areata (AA), and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in individuals who had to stay at home for a long time and the patients' methods of dealing with these diseases. METHODS: The study was conducted using an online questionnaire. All the individuals were asked questions about pre- and post-pandemic TE, AA, and SD. Participants with complaints were asked what they did for treatment. RESULTS: During the pandemic, TE was seen in 27.9% of the participants, AA on the scalp was seen in 2.8%, AA on the face was seen in 2.5%, and SD was seen in 19.9%. Applying to a dermatologist for complaints during the pandemic was lower than before pandemic. TE was higher in women before and during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: It was found that the rates of referring to a dermatologist for the complaints before the pandemic varied between 15% and 28% and that these rates decreased significantly during the pandemic (2.5%-12.5%).
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas/terapia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Dermatite Seborreica/terapia , Dermatologistas/tendências , Isolamento de Pacientes , Distanciamento Físico , Quarentena , Encaminhamento e Consulta/tendências , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alopecia em Áreas/diagnóstico , Alopecia em Áreas/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Seborreica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Seborreica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Internet , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consulta Remota/tendências , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Turquia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: scalp disorders are related to several factors including ethnicity, gender or age. In black people, they can be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Very few studies have been conducted in this ethnic group residing in black Africa, hence the purpose of our survey was to highlight the epidemiological and clinical features of age-sex-specific scalp disorders in patients treated in a dermatology department in Cotonou (Benin). METHODS: we conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of all the medical records of new patients coming to consultation in the dermatology department at the National Hospital and University Center (CNHU) of Cotonou over a period of seven years. The main reason for consultation was scalp disorder. Data on epidemiological and clinical features were collected and analyzed with the EPI-Info 7 software. RESULTS: prevalence of scalp disorders was 2.4% (181/7554). Children (0-18 years) accounted for 38.7% (70 patients) and adults 61.3% (111 patients). Children aged 0-10 (54; 29.8%) and adults aged 25-40 (51; 28,2%) were the most affected. Sex ratio was 1.8. Non-alopecizing dermatosis was diagnosed in 10; 5.5% of cases while alopecizing dermatosis in 171 patients (94.5%), of whom 82.9% (151/171) had non-scarring dermatosis and 11.7% (20/171) had scarring dermatosis. The most common conditions were ringworm (41; 22.6%), mainly occurring in 0-10-year-old boys, chronic non-scarring folliculitis (39; 21.5%) mainly occurring in 0-5-year-old boys and 19-40-year-old men, pelade (38; 21%) occurring in both male and female sexes, especially between the ages of 6-10 and 25-40, traction alopecia (17; 9.4%) occurring exclusively in women and mainly in the 25-40-year-old age group, fibrous folliculitis at the nape of the neck (12; 6.6%) occurring exclusively in men from 19 to 50 years, trichotillomania (9; 5%) occurring in both male and female sexes, mainly in children aged 6-10 years and in adults aged 25-40 years, Quinquaud folliculitis decalvans (6; 3.3%) occurring uniformly in both male and female sexes and mainly between 25-40 years of age. CONCLUSION: scalp disorders mainly affect male patients before puberty and young adults. They were arranged in descending order in non-scarring alopecizing dermatoses, scarring alopecia and non-alopecizing dermatoses.
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Alopecia/epidemiologia , População Negra , Cicatriz/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Benin/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cicatriz/patologia , Dermatologia , Feminino , Foliculite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Tricotilomania/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body, head, or pubic region that occurs worldwide. Lice are ectoparasites of the order Phthiraptera that feed on the blood of infested hosts. Their morphotype dictates their clinical features. Body lice may transmit bacterial pathogens that cause trench fever, relapsing fever, and epidemic typhus, which are potentially life-threatening diseases that remain relevant in contemporary times. Recent data from some settings suggest that head lice may harbor pathogens. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of body, head, and pubic louse infestation are reviewed. New therapies for head lice and screening considerations for pubic lice are discussed. Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic disease caused by skin penetration by the female Tunga penetrans or, less commonly, Tunga trimamillata flea. It is endemic in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa and seen in travelers returning from these regions. Risk factors for acquiring tungiasis, associated morbidity, and potential strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed.
Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Tungíase/epidemiologia , Animais , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Infestações por Piolhos/diagnóstico , Infestações por Piolhos/parasitologia , Infestações por Piolhos/terapia , Programas de Rastreamento , Pediculus/microbiologia , Phthirus , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/parasitologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/terapia , Tunga , Tungíase/diagnóstico , Tungíase/parasitologia , Tungíase/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hair cosmetics such as hair dyes, bleaching, waving, and cleansing products are composed of numerous chemical ingredients. Allergic reactions to these contact allergens, other than p-phenylenediamine, are rarely reported. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of patch test reactions to hair cosmetic allergens and identify the factors associated with hair cosmetic allergy in Thailand. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the case records of patients who underwent patch testing from 2009 to 2018. Patients with at least one positive patch test reaction to a potential contact allergen associated with hair cosmetic ingredients were studied. RESULTS: Overall, 2842 patients were patch tested. Of the hair cosmetic allergen categories, preservatives had the highest rate of positive reactions, followed by surfactants and hair dyes. Perming agents were less problematic in comparison. The hands, head, and neck were the predominately affected sites of allergic reactions to hair cosmetic ingredients. CONCLUSIONS: Preservatives, surfactants, and hair dyes are important contact allergens, whereas perming agents are less likely to cause allergic reactions. Hair cosmetic ingredients are regulated by national agencies, which influences their extent of exposure and rates of contact allergies. Further continuous observation of hair cosmetic allergy is needed to provide the best patient care.
Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Descolorantes de Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Tinturas para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Ocupacional/epidemiologia , Dermatite Ocupacional/etiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/epidemiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/etiologia , Feminino , Dermatoses da Mão/epidemiologia , Dermatoses da Mão/etiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pescoço , Testes do Emplastro , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etiologia , Tensoativos/efeitos adversos , Tailândia/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Psoríase/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Pele/patologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Psoríase/patologia , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Couro Cabeludo , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis affects 0.2-0.7 % of children and is associated with obesity. Published studies have been conducted in hospital settings (tertiary care). The PsoLib study evaluated childhood psoriasis in private practice (secondary care) in terms of epidemiology, clinical aspects and comorbidities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicenter study of children with psoriasis performed by 41 dermatologists working in private practice. The clinical and therapeutic aspects and comorbidities were systemically evaluated. We compared data to the χ-Psocar study performed in hospitals using the same methodology. RESULTS: In all, 207 children (girls: 60.4 %; mean age: 10.5±4.2 years) were included. Scalp psoriasis (40.6 %) was the most frequent clinical type, while plaque psoriasis represented 26 % of cases. Nail, tongue, and arthritic involvement were rare. Less than 1 % of children suffered from hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia, but 16.4 % were overweight and 7.0 % were obese. Severity (PG≥4 at peak) was associated with excess weight (P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Scalp psoriasis is the most frequent clinical type of psoriasis in childhood. Comorbidities and extracutaneous localization are rare. Even in private practice, the severity of the disease is associated with excess weight.
Assuntos
Psoríase/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Lactente , Masculino , Doenças da Unha/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Prática Privada/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The distribution of atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions and its impact on quality of life (QOL) is not well established in the US adult population. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the distribution of AD lesions and its impact on QOL in US adults with AD. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study of 602 adults was performed. AD was determined using modified UK Diagnostic Criteria, and its lesional distribution was assessed. QOL was assessed using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine distinct phenotypes of AD lesional distribution. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between DLQI and distinct phenotypes. RESULTS: The most common sites of skin lesions were reported to be the popliteal fossae, lower legs, dorsal feet and antecubital fossae. Most persons reported partial (19.0%) or complete (63.0%) symmetry of lesions on the extremities. Lesions on the trunk were significantly more common in blacks and Hispanics. Age ≥ 60 years was associated with significantly lower proportions of active lesions on the face and scalp, and significantly higher proportion of lesions on the buttocks or genitals. LCA identified 5 classes of lesional distribution: 1. lower probabilities of lesions affecting any sites; 2. Higher probability of lesions involving the anterior and posterior neck and trunk; 3. lesions involving the antecubital fossae and upper extremities; 4. lesions involving the arms, posterior hands, genitals and buttocks, and to a lesser extent face, palms and legs; 5. lesions affecting all sites. Class-2 (multivariable logistic regression; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 7.19 [3.21-16.07], class-3 (7.11 [3.20-15.80]), class-4 (6.90 [3.07-15.50]) and class-5 (7.92 [3.54-17.71]) were all significantly associated with higher DLQI scores compared to class 1. CONCLUSION: AD is associated with heterogeneous distribution of AD lesions, and distinct phenotypes that are associated with QOL impact.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Dermatite Atópica/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Braço , Nádegas , Estudos Transversais , Dermatite Atópica/etnologia , Dermatoses Faciais/epidemiologia , Dermatoses Faciais/psicologia , Feminino , Dermatoses do Pé/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Pé/psicologia , Genitália , Dermatoses da Mão/epidemiologia , Dermatoses da Mão/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Dermatoses da Perna/epidemiologia , Dermatoses da Perna/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tronco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that receives little attention in countries where it continues to be endemic. This study aimed to understand the impact of Pediculus humanus capitis infestations in the lives of Honduran children living in extreme poverty. METHODS: A qualitative study on head lice infestation was conducted in June 2016 in a rural community in Honduras. Parents were invited to bring their children for head lice inspection using a dry-combing technique with a stainless steel-toothed comb with suction power. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to participants. Questions were broadly grouped into knowledge about transmission, control practices, barriers to treatment, and the overall impact of these infestations in children's wellbeing. Responses were coded, categorized, and organized through a theme-based approach. RESULTS: In total, 52 children aged 2-14 years (42 girls) and their mothers were enrolled in the study. The overall proportion of children with an infestation was 83%. Response analysis revealed a lack of understanding regarding lice transmission and stigmatization of infested children and the widespread belief that head lice were acquired during bathing in the slow-flowing river running through the village. An agricultural plaguicide was commonly used to rid children of head lice. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the dire situation of the rural poor, their physical and mental health affected by pediculosis capitis as well as other NTDs. These results highlight the need to reassess approaches and action towards combating NTDS under an integrated framework.