RESUMO
We present a 27-yr-old female with gonadal dysgenesis (46, XY), who presented to our hospital with poor consciousness, aphasia, restlessness, and visual hallucination. Physical examination revealed normal breast development and normal external female genetalia. Computed tomography scan of the head and neck revealed the presence of brain edema, hydrocephalous, and a localized hypodense lesion in the hypothalamus. Her serum was positive for the anti-Ma2, which is associated with paraneoplastic encephalitis syndrome. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of a 7.5×5.3×3.0 cm solid pelvic mass. Interestingly, a single microscopic focus of dysgerminoma was identified in a background of stromal fibrosis and focal dystrophic calcifications. No ovarian stroma or testicular tissue was identified. To our knowledge, this is the first case of gonadal dysgenesis presenting with anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic encephalitis with dysgerminoma. A discussion about paraneoplastic encephalitis with a microscopic dysgerminoma associated with anti-Ma2 antibody is presented.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Disgerminoma/patologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Disgenesia Gonadal 46 XY/complicações , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/imunologia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Doenças dos Anexos/complicações , Doenças dos Anexos/imunologia , Doenças dos Anexos/patologia , Adulto , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Disgerminoma/complicações , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/complicações , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/imunologia , Disgenesia Gonadal 46 XY/patologia , Humanos , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas do Sistema Nervoso/etiologiaRESUMO
Germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from residual primordial tissue. These tumors are commonly found in the brain, testes, or ovaries, where they are termed germinomas, seminomas, or dysgerminomas, respectively. Like several other tumor types, germ cell tumors often harbor an immune cell infiltrate that can include substantial numbers of B cells. Yet little is known about whether the humoral immune response affects germ cell tumor biology. To gain a deeper understanding of the role B cells play in this tumor family, we characterized the immune cell infiltrate of all three germ cell tumor subtypes and defined the molecular characteristics of the B cell Ag receptor expressed by tumor-associated B cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed a prominent B cell infiltrate in the microenvironment of all tumors examined and clear evidence of extranodal lymphoid follicles with germinal center-like architecture in a subset of specimens. Molecular characterization of the Ig variable region from 320 sequences expressed by germ cell tumor-infiltrating B cells revealed clear evidence of Ag experience, in that the cardinal features of an Ag-driven B cell response were present: significant somatic mutation, isotype switching, and codon insertion/deletion. This characterization also revealed the presence of both B cell clonal expansion and variation, suggesting that local B cell maturation most likely occurs within the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, sequences from control tissues and peripheral blood displayed none of these characteristics. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that an adaptive and specific humoral immune response is occurring within the tumor microenvironment.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/biossíntese , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/imunologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/genética , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/patologia , Movimento Celular/imunologia , Células Clonais , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Disgerminoma/metabolismo , Disgerminoma/patologia , Germinoma/imunologia , Germinoma/metabolismo , Germinoma/patologia , Humanos , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/biossíntese , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/genética , Meduloblastoma/imunologia , Meduloblastoma/metabolismo , Meduloblastoma/patologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Seminoma/imunologia , Seminoma/metabolismo , Seminoma/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologiaRESUMO
The monoclonal antibody A103 to the melanocytic differentiation antigen Melan A stains human steroid-producing cells and their tumors. A total of 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine normal tissues and hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary were immunohistochemically tested for Melan A with antibody A103. Leydig cell tumors (23/23, 100%), Sertoli cell tumors (14/15, 93%), and adrenocortical adenomas (12/13, 92%) were consistently positive. Adrenocortical carcinomas (23/35, 65%) and granulosa cell tumors (10/17, 59%) were less frequently positive. All pheochromocytomas, seminomas, and dysgerminomas were negative. The pattern of staining was cytoplasmic, but nuclear staining was also frequently seen in normal Leydig cells and their tumors. As in human tumors, immunohistochemistry for Melan A stains many canine steroid-producing tumors and can be used to distinguish these tumors from those of nonstereidogenic cells.
Assuntos
Adenoma/veterinária , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/veterinária , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Disgerminoma/veterinária , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/veterinária , Seminoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/imunologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Disgerminoma/diagnóstico , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno MART-1 , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Seminoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologiaRESUMO
The precise biological function of a subset of T cells bearing gamma/delta T cell receptor (TCR) remains poorly understood. The present study demonstrated the presence of gamma/delta T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of human patients with dysgerminoma and seminoma when determined by flow cytometry and in situ immunohistochemical staining. TIL contained a high percentage of gamma/delta T cells, ranging from 17.3 to 35.1%. gamma/delta T cells often accumulated within the granulomatous inflammation of tumor tissues. The majority of gamma/delta T cells were V gamma 9/V delta 2+ cells. Freshly isolated PBL, TIL and purified gamma/delta T cells showed autologous tumor killing (ATK) activity, which could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against V delta 2. Furthermore, two gamma/delta T cell clones established from TIL showed cytotoxicity against autologous and allogeneic dysgerminoma, while they had low or no lytic effects on other cell types including carcinomas of ovary and tumor cell lines such as K562, Daudi and Molt-4. Lysis of autologous tumor cells by the clone was inhibited completely by anti-V delta 2 mAb and partially by mAb against CD3, LFA-1 alpha and ICAM-1 molecules, while it was resistant to anti-CD8, anti-HLA-ABC and anti-HLA-DR mAb. Supernatants produced by gamma/delta T cell clones induced adhesion, aggregation and increased DNA synthesis of monocytes and some characteristics of activated macrophages or epithelioid cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon (IFN)-gamma were detected in the supernatants of gamma/delta T cell clone. These results suggest that gamma/delta T cells accumulating in dysgerminoma and seminoma exhibit ATK activity through V gamma 9/delta 2 TCR and these gamma/delta T cells also play a role in the formation of granulomatous inflammation, which is associated with human dysgerminoma and seminoma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Granuloma/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Glândula Pineal/patologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/análise , Seminoma/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Células Clonais/imunologia , Células Clonais/patologia , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Citocinas/isolamento & purificação , Citocinas/farmacologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Disgerminoma/sangue , Disgerminoma/patologia , Feminino , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Seminoma/sangue , Seminoma/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human neoplasms often are accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate. It has been proposed that this represents an immunologic response to the tumor. Dysgerminoma, a germ cell tumor of the ovary, is a classic example of this phenomenon. The authors investigated the immunophenotype of the tumor-infiltrating lymphoreticular cells (TIL) and tumor cells in this rare malignancy. METHODS: Tissue from seven dysgerminomas of the ovary was fixed in formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin and investigated immunohistochemically with a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies. In one case, additional immunohistochemical investigations were performed on cryopreserved tumor tissue. RESULTS: All seven tumors showed a marked cellular stromal reaction with formation of disseminated granulomas similar to that seen in the closely related testicular seminoma. The TIL were preponderantly T-cells (CD43+, CD45RO+, OPD4+) and macrophages/epithelioid cells (MAC387+, CD68+), B-cells (CD20+, Ki-B3+), natural killer cells (CD57+), and immune-accessory cells (CD1+, CD35+) were rare in most cases. In the one case in which cryopreserved tissue was available, most of the intratumoral T-cells belonged to the CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) subtype, and most of the intratumoral T-cells expressed the alpha/beta heterodimer of the T-cell antigen receptor; gamma/delta + T-cells were exceedingly rare. Some of the macrophages/epithelioid cells were found to express activation antigens (interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor, HLA-DR2). Antibodies against placental alkaline phosphatase and pancytokeratin each stained tumor cells in six cases. Virtually no tumor cells were found to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II antigens. CONCLUSIONS: The immunohistochemical findings concerning the tumor cells and TIL in dysgerminoma of the ovary provide additional evidence of a close relation to seminoma of the testis.
Assuntos
Disgerminoma/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologiaRESUMO
The inflammatory infiltrate has been characterized in 10 cases of ovarian dysgerminoma using a panel of antisera to T-cells, B-cells and macrophages. The expression of Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the distribution of interferons alpha and gamma were also examined. T-lymphocytes were present in all tumours, often closely admixed with neoplastic elements. T-cells in most areas were immunoreactive with gamma interferon. B-cells were generally scanty although germinal centres were present in three tumours. Immunocytochemistry revealed greater numbers of macrophages than had been appreciated on routinely stained sections. Macrophages were closely related to both lymphoid and tumour cells, and many macrophages were immunoreactive for alpha interferon. Class II MHC expression was mainly restricted to macrophages and B-cell areas although occasional T-cells were also stained. Dysgerminoma cells did not express Class II MHC antigens.
Assuntos
Disgerminoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Biomarcadores , Disgerminoma/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Linfócitos , Macrófagos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologiaRESUMO
Immunological characterization of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) by immunohistological techniques was carried out in 20 cases of stage I seminoma. Routine pathological examination of these surgical specimens showed typical seminoma in 20 cases. Eighteen cases showed obvious TIL and immunohistological staining on frozen specimens was performed in 12. TIL in seminomas were predominantly T-cells but B-cells were also identified. T-cells were distributed diffusely with predominance of the CD8+ phenotype judged semiquantitatively. In contrast to the distribution of T-cells, B-cells tended to accumulate and occasionally formed lymphoid follicles. In such follicles the phenotypic pattern of B-cell antigens was comparable with secondary lymphoid follicles in lymphoid organs. There is an immunologically complex response to seminoma by the host with a predominant infiltration of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells and functional maturation of B-cells.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/patologia , Disgerminoma/química , Disgerminoma/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/química , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/química , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Adulto , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/química , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Antígenos CD8/análise , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fenótipo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/química , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologiaRESUMO
In the embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line GCT 27, monoclonal antibody GCTM-2 recognises an epitope on a 200 kD pericellular matrix keratan sulphate proteoglycan. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated staining of tissue sections from 21 out of 22 human non-seminomatous germ cell tumours, and from 22 out of 28 sections of seminomas. In normal human fetal tissues gut epithelium and muscle stained strongly, and certain other epithelia stained moderately. In adult tissues, the distribution of the epitope was similar, but staining intensity was weaker. Neoplastic tissues showed reactivity with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and colorectal carcinoma, but no other non-germ cell tumours. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that GCTM-2 also stained cell lines from human colorectal carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and choriocarcinoma. In contrast to EC cells the epitope in these other cell types required permeabilization of the cells to be visualised, and the protein bands in immunoblots lacked extensive modification with keratan sulphate and were smaller. Thus, GCTM-2 reacts with an epitope which has a previously unrecognised tissue distribution; its expression as a pericellular matrix proteoglycan is predominantly a characteristic of human EC cells.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/imunologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Células-Tronco de Carcinoma Embrionário , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Proteoglicanas/imunologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/imunologiaRESUMO
Blood lymphocyte subsets of early breast cancer patients and of men with stage I seminoma of the testis were studied up to 6 years after radiotherapy. Similar results were obtained in the two patient groups. After a temporary decrease, the CD4-w29 or "memory" T cells recovered completely, while the CD4-45R or "naive" T cells remained decreased up to 6 years after irradiation. The number of CD8 T lymphocytes did not change during or after treatment. Because of the decrease of a subset of CD4 cells, and the unchanged values of CD8 cells, the CD4/CD8 ratio decreased significantly after irradiation, and remained lower than before treatment up to 5-6 years after radiotherapy. The number of both HLA-DR positive CD4 and HLA-DR positive CD8 T cells ("activated" T cells) increased significantly after irradiation. The natural killer (NK) cells were not affected by treatment. We propose that the recovery of the CD4 cells is limited to the CD4-w29 ("memory") population because of thymic dysfunction in older humans. The impact of the observed immune modulation on the low susceptibility for infections after local irradiation, and on putative antitumour immune responses is discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Disgerminoma/radioterapia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/efeitos da radiação , Linfócitos T/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias Testiculares/radioterapia , Adulto , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Relação CD4-CD8/efeitos da radiação , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/análise , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologiaRESUMO
The induction of major histocompatibility complex antigens by interferons (IFN) on 17 established tumour cell lines was investigated by radio binding. One bladder (Fen) and two testis lines (Tera I and Ha) lacked class I antigens and IFN-gamma failed to induce their expression. However, IFN-gamma upregulated these antigens on lines expressing low class I antigens (Tera II and EP2102) with little or no significant effect on high class I expressing lines (T24 and RT112). In one bladder line (Wil) IFN-gamma, whilst failing to alter monomorphic class I, upregulated polymorphic HLA-A2 and A3 antigens. None of the 17 lines expressed class II antigens, but could all be induced by IFN-gamma except T24, TccSup, Tera II and Lan lines. This defect was not due to the absence of IFN-gamma receptor, since under the same conditions intracellular adhesion molecule 1 was upregulated. IFN-alpha, whilst failing to have any effect on class II, induced class I antigens. IFN-beta showed no activity on either class I or II antigens when used alone. However, in combination, it inhibited IFN-gamma induced class II antigens. Thus, it may be possible to study cells from fresh tumours to preselect the minority of patients who might benefit from cytokine therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/imunologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Interferons/farmacologia , Teratoma/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Humanos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The authors investigated the placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by enzyme-antigen immunoassay using polyclonal antibody as a marker for intracranial germinomas in 17 patients with germ cell tumors and 20 with other disorders. The detection limit of PALP activity was 0.072 optical density units equivalent to 5.9 ng/ml. Five of nine germinomas demonstrated high CSF PALP activities before treatment. These high PALP activities became undetectable following radiation therapy. The other tumors were small or had no CSF contact. CSF PALP activity is a useful tumor marker for pure germinomas.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Alcalina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Encefálicas/enzimologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/enzimologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fosfatase Alcalina/imunologia , Encefalopatias/enzimologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/enzimologia , Criança , Diabetes Insípido/enzimologia , Diabetes Insípido/etiologia , Diabetes Insípido/imunologia , Disgerminoma/enzimologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/imunologia , Pinealoma/enzimologia , Pinealoma/imunologiaRESUMO
Twenty-three bilateral testicular germ cell tumors (four synchronous and 19 sequential tumors) were investigated for potential risk factors. The incidence of maldescensus testis was not found to be higher than in patients with unilateral disease. The histologic findings of the first tumor did not have any effect on the incidence of the second tumor. In 21 patients (four synchronous and 17 sequential tumors), histocompatibility antigens (HLA) were determined; HLA-B14 was increased significantly in the sequential tumor group. Tendencies toward an increase of HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR7 also were found. The HLA-DR1, HLA-DR3, and HLA-DR4 showed a tendency toward a decreased frequency. Therefore genetic factors might be important in the development of sequential bilateral testicular cancers.
Assuntos
Disgerminoma/etiologia , Teratoma/etiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/etiologia , Adulto , Disgerminoma/genética , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Teratoma/genética , Teratoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/genética , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologiaRESUMO
Xenograft acceptance, growth and spontaneous metastasis of ectopically transplanted human germinal tumors were compared among scid mice, athymic nude mice and F2 hybrids constructed from scid and nude mice, in relation to the impairments of T and B cell functions in these mice. In scid mice which are deficient in T and B cell functions, human yolk sac tumor (YST-2) that originated from the ovary grew to enormous sizes in 100% of the animals after both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantation, while only half (59.1% and 51.9%) of the subcutaneous and none of the intraperitoneal transplants were accepted in usual athymic nude mice (BALB/c-nu/nu and CD1-nu/nu). The YST-2 grew rapidly in scid mice, developing 3 to 10 times larger tumors compared to nude-streaker (AKR/J-nustr/nustr) and usual nude mice, respectively. Furthermore, ectopically transplanted tumors spontaneously metastasized to distant organs (mostly to the lung) in scid mice (but less frequently in leaky scid mice), while metastases have never been found in nude mice. Although a xenograft of human classic (typical or pure) seminoma of the testis has never been established in nude mice, it grows slowly in one-third (36.4%) of scid mice and very rapidly in all of scid-nustr (scid/scid; nustr/nustr) double mutant mice. Spontaneous metastases of xenografted seminomas were also observed in distant organs (lymph node, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney). The metastastic distribution of the two human germinal tumors in scid and scid-nustr mice mimics that found in human. These results (xenograft acceptance, growth of transplanted tumors and degree of metastatic spread) were compatible with the level of T and B cell impairments indicated by FACS analysis, as well as mitogen responses, serum IgG and morphological features of the thymus.
Assuntos
Disgerminoma/patologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/fisiopatologia , Mesonefroma/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Divisão Celular , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Masculino , Mesonefroma/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Camundongos Mutantes , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Transplante Heterólogo , Neoplasias Uterinas/imunologiaRESUMO
Antibody to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) has been previously used in immunoperoxidase (IMP) staining studies of germ cell tumors and intratubular malignant germ cells (ITMGC) of the testis, the latter believed to be the precursor of these tumors. In this study, we compared staining by IMP using monoclonal antibody (mAb) and polyclonal antibody to PLAP with that seen using a mAb, M2A, which was previously shown to react with testicular seminomas and ITMGC. Antibody to PLAP and M2A reacted with different cellular components, as assessed by IMP staining of placenta and prepubertal testis and by Western blotting of seminoma lysates. Antibody to PLAP stained pure seminomas (seven of seven), pure embryonal carcinomas (four of four), and the seminoma (three of three) and embryonal carcinoma (six of six) components of mixed testicular germ cell tumors. M2A stained pure seminomas (26 of 26) and the seminoma component (three of three) of the mixed tumors, but failed to stain pure embryonal carcinomas (zero of four) or the embryonal carcinoma component (zero of five) of the mixed tumors. Both antibody to PLAP and M2A stained ITMGC of the testis. Since M2A stained seminomas and ITMGC but not embryonal carcinomas, seminomas would appear to be more closely related to ITMGC than embryonal carcinomas. This result has led us to speculate on the histogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Isoenzimas/imunologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Espermatozoides/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Fosfatase Alcalina , Western Blotting , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/imunologia , Espermatozoides/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Testículo/citologiaRESUMO
The case of a 24-year-old woman with fever, abdominal pain and weight loss, is presented. Right ovarian dysgerminoma was diagnosed; group A blood, negative direct Coombs. The search for free serum antibodies was positive, with specificity: auto anti 1, anti P with activity at 37 degrees C. Hysterectomy, appendectomy, omentectomy and retroperitoneal ganglia biopsy, were performed; the latter one showed metastasis. Blood transfusions were given. Thirty days postoperative, the red cell polyagglutination had disappeared, as well as antibodies.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Adulto , Teste de Coombs , Disgerminoma/patologia , Disgerminoma/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Blood samples from 79 subjects (27 cases of ovarian malignancy, 2 ovarian borderline epithelial tumor, 38 benign gynecologic disease and 12 healthy women) were measured for peripheral blood T-cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies and SPA-Ig rosette technique. It was found that in patients with ovarian malignancy, the percentage of OKT4+ cells was significantly reduced whereas the percentage of OKT8+ cells was markedly increased as compared with those in the healthy women and patients with benign gynecologic disease; OKT4/OKT8 ratio declined obviously; which were more pronounced in patients with advanced or recurrent tumor.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologiaAssuntos
Segunda Neoplasia Primária/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Carcinoma/imunologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/imunologia , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Feminino , Doença de Hodgkin/imunologia , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/imunologiaRESUMO
The expression of HLA class I antigens in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) was studied by the immunoperoxidase technique. In the normal testicle, the interstitial cells of Leydig as well as most of the germ cells were significantly stained. In typical seminoma, 75% of the tumor cells in stage I and 30% in stage II were stained. In embryonal cell carcinoma, 25% of the cases in stage I and less than 10% of those in stage II were stained. Mature teratoma was stained in most of the cases, whereas in malignant teratoma only 35% of the cases showed some staining of the tumor cells. In mixed tumors each component displayed its characteristic staining pattern. The expression of class I antigens on tumor cells is required for immune recognition and lysis of the tumor by cytotoxic T-cells. The reduced expression of class I antigens that was related to histologic characteristics and stage suggests that some testicular tumors may escape immune surveillance and become biologically more aggressive.
Assuntos
Disgerminoma/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/análise , Teratoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Testiculares/metabolismo , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Teratoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologiaRESUMO
We have established a method for monoclonal antibody (MoAb) preparation from routine paraffin-embedded tissue of human seminoma as an immunogen. Three 40-microns thick sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated. An eight-week-old BALB/c mouse was immunized intraperitoneally with this extract, which showed no detectable protein bands on sodium laurylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Five monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) with different characteristics were obtained; one reacted with the nucleus, two with the cytoplasm, and two with the cytoplasmic membrane. One of the MoAbs 5G9 reacted with spermatogonia in normal human tissues and with seminoma, embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma in the testicular tumors.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/biossíntese , Disgerminoma/imunologia , Espermatogônias/imunologia , Espermatozoides/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Coriocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Coriocarcinoma/imunologia , Disgerminoma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microtomia , Parafina , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Teratoma/imunologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Testículo/imunologiaRESUMO
A 12-year-old female patient (Miss E.Y.) suffering from abdominal tumor was proved to be a dispermic or generalized chimera. Ninety-two percent of her red cells were group A1, the first locus of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) 1A, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) AC and 8% of them were group B, PGM1 1A-2A, PGD A. Ninety cells out of one hundred and ten cultured lymphocytes were normal 46 XY and 20 cells were normal 46 XX. She secreted B and H substances at normal secretor range and a small amount of A substance in her saliva. The A-transferase level found in her serum was about 40% of those of group A1 individuals. The B-transferase level was in the normal range. Her hairs had B antigen and PGM1 phenotype of their root cells was 1A-2A. The cells of hair root were X chromatin-positive and Y body-negative. Her nails had lesser A antigen and potent B antigen. Major epithelial cells (approximately 75%) of her buccal mucosa expressed B antigen and minor cells expressed A antigen. The proportion of the X chromatin-positive buccal cells (15%) was lower than those in normal females (20-25%) and that of Y body-positive buccal cells (10%) was higher than those in normal females (0-3%). The surgically resected abdominal tumor was her right uterine adnexa with malignant transformation, the histological diagnosis of which was dysgerminoma. The tumor cell nest and the epithelial cells of ductal structure expressed A antigen, whereas the endothelial cells of blood vessels expressed B antigen. These findings showed that the proband's body cells arose from the two cell lines, one carrying A1 gene had normal 46 XY male karyotype and another carrying B gene had normal 46 XX female karyotype, and suggested that her right gonad which was contributed by the former cell line had a malignancy in the presence of Y chromosome.