Accidental cystectomy during laparoscopic excision of prostatic utricle cyst - a rare complication

ABSTRACT Prostatic utricle cyst is a rare congenital anomaly. Symptomatic cysts require treatment. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but is challenging due to close proximity to vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, bladder, prostate, rectum and pelvic nerves. Complications include rectal injury, ureteral injury, impotence, infertility and faecal incontinence. We here report a rare complication in which bladder was accidentally removed during laparoscopic excision of prostatic utricle cyst. To best of our knowledge such a complication has never been reported previously. We also describe the possible cause of this accident and suggest ways to prevent this disastrous complication.

Accidental cystectomy during laparoscopic excision of prostatic utricle cyst - a rare complication.

Prostatic utricle cyst is a rare congenital anomaly. Symptomatic cysts require treatment. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but is challenging due to close proximity to vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, bladder, prostate, rectum and pelvic nerves. Complications include rectal injury, ureteral injury, impotence, infertility and faecal incontinence. We here report a rare complication in which bladder was accidentally removed during laparoscopic excision of prostatic utricle cyst. To best of our knowledge such a complication has never been reported previously. We also describe the possible cause of this accident and suggest ways to prevent this disastrous complication.

Management of prostate abscess in the absence of guidelines

ABSTRACT In contemporary practice, the number of patients presenting with prostatic abscess have significantly declined due to the widespread use of antibiotics. However, when faced with the pathology, prostatic abscess tends to pose a challenge to clinicians due to the difficulty of diagnosis and lack of guidelines for treatment. Treatment consists of an array of measures including parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotic administration and abscess drainage.

Management of prostate abscess in the absence of guidelines.

In contemporary practice, the number of patients presenting with prostatic abscess have significantly declined due to the widespread use of antibiotics. However, when faced with the pathology, prostatic abscess tends to pose a challenge to clinicians due to the difficulty of diagnosis and lack of guidelines for treatment. Treatment consists of an array of measures including parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotic administration and abscess drainage.

Enucleación de quiste lateral de próstata con láser holmium: una excelente alternativa / Enucleation of a lateral prostatic cyst of the prostate with the holmium laser, an excellent therapeutical alternative

Presentar un caso de sintomatología del tracto urinario inferior provocada por obstrucción al fluido urinario por un quiste lateral de próstata y los resultados de la enucleación del mismo con láser Holmium. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven con sintomatología miccional de 1 año de evolución. Diagnosticado mediante ecografía de quiste prostático. Ante el diagnóstico de quiste obstructivo, se plantea enucleación con láser holmium obteniendo resultadospost operatorios inmediatos y excelentes. Los quistes prostáticos simples son el tipo más frecuente, siendo asintomáticos en la mayoría de los casos y descubiertos incidentalmente. Dichos quistes adquieren importancia clínica si provocan sintomatología del tracto urinario inferior, infertilidad o son el asiento de neoplasia prostática. El tratamiento habitual es la resección transuretral. En este paciente planteamos enucleación del quiste con láser holmium. Esta técnica permite et alta hospitalaria sin sonda en menos de 24 horas, se evita el riesgo de síndrome de reabsorción, provoca un mínimo sangrado y rápida remisión de la sintomatología...

The purpose of this paper is to present a case of lower urinary tract symptomatology caused by flow obstruction due to a lateral cyst of the prostate and the results obtained by enucleating using the Holmium laser. We present the case of a young patient with one year of lower urinary-tract symptoms. The diagnosis of a prostatic cyst was confirmed by ultrasound examination. Having the finding of an obstructive prostatic cyst it was treated by means of Holmium laser enucleation with excellent postoperative results. Simple prostatic cysts are the most frequent type and are generally asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during routine examination. These cysts become clinically relevant when they cause lower urinary tract symptoms, infertility or are associated with cancer. Usual treatment is endoscopic resection. ln this case we preformed an Holmium laser enuclation of the c yst, thus permitting the discharge of the patient without catheter in less than 24h. And minimizes reabsortion syndrome and bleeding, with a very fast resolution of the clinical symptomatology...

Outcome of males with high anorectal malformations treated with laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through: preliminary results of a comparative study with the open approach in a single institution.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of males with HARM treated with a laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through compared with the open posterior sagittal approach in a single institution. METHODS: This study includes 32 patients: 17 (9 with a rectoprostatic fistula [RPF] and 8 with a rectovesical fistula [RVF]) who underwent laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through from October 2001 onward and 15 (8 with an RPF and 7 with an RVF) treated by posterior sagittal approach before that date. Patients were reviewed retrospectively but were operated on by the authors and had longitudinal follow-up. Parameters analyzed included associated anomalies, sacral ratio (SR) index, age at surgery, operative time, complications, presence of voluntary bowel movements, constipation, and soiling. A good outcome was determined by absent or grade 1 soiling and a poor outcome result by soiling grades 2 and 3. RESULTS: Mean age at surgery was 22 and 37.5 months for patients with RPF and RVF, respectively, in the laparoscopic group and 29.2 and 25.7 months in the open group. Operative time was significantly shorter (P < .0036) for the laparoscopic RVF repair compared with the open approach. In patients with RPF, 50% in the laparoscopic (L) and 37.5% in the open (O) approach had an SR below 0.6. Fifty percent of all patients with RVF had an SR below 0.6, making groups comparable in terms of evaluating bowel function. Four patients were excluded in the analysis of functional results. Voluntary bowel movements with previous defecatory sensation were present in 83.l3% (5/6) in L vs 87.5% (7/8) in O patients with RPF and 62.5% (5/8) L vs 50% (3/6) in O patients with RVF. Grade 1 soiling was present in 50% (3/6) vs 62.5% (5/8) of patients with RPF and 37.5% (3/8) vs 16% (1/6) of patients with RVF in the L and O groups, respectively. Soiling grade 2 or 3 was present in 50% (3/6) vs 12.5% (1/8) of patients with RPF and 37.5% (3/8) vs 50% (3/6) of patients with RVF in the L and O groups, respectively. The risk of poor outcome was 61% in the group with SR lower than 0.6 vs 13% in the group with a higher ratio. By stratifying the groups according to type of surgery or anatomical type, these results were maintained. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach is a reasonable surgical option for the management of HARM. Laparoscopic approach was less time consuming in patients with RVF without impairing functional results.

Prostate cancer as incidental finding in transurethral resection.

UNLABELLED: Prostate adenocarcinoma is found in surgical samples without prior diagnosis in 4 to 15% of the patients. In some of them, there is previous suspicion but in others this finding is completely incidental. We present 7 cases of prostate cancer detected in 100 patients who underwent bipolar transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate due to regular indications. The aim of this paper is to describe patient's characteristics, postoperative outcome, analyze TURP as a diagnostic tool and evaluate therapeutic options for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: One hundred patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TURP in FUCDIM between June 2007 and August 2009. In 7 of them, prostate adenocarcinomas were detected. None of the patients underwent TURP only because of increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA). RESULTS: Mean preoperative PSA was 7.6 ng/ml (r= 0.72 -27 ng/ml), 39% of the patients had PSA < 4 ng/ml; 33 (40%) had undergone previous biopsies and 36% of them had 2 or more previous biopsies. Prostate cancer detection global rate was 7%, 3 cases were incidental findings (low PSA and low-risk tumors), 3 patients had increased PSA and several previous biopsies with negative results and 1 had low PSA and aggressive tumor (Gleason 4+3). CONCLUSIONS: TURP patients with prostate cancer are a heterogeneous group. TURP can be both diagnostic and therapeutic when facing patients with obstructive symptoms, high PSA and negative prostate biopsies. There are several therapeutic alternatives for TURP patients with cancer, taking into consideration tumor grade and stage, age, life expectancy and will of the patient. Bipolar TUR, in selected patients, allows to offer optional active surveillance (in these patients PSADT is very useful) and if cancer is not found, it eases the follow up of these patients. Active treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) is indicated in T1a patients with life expectancy longer than 10 years, and in the majority of T1b patients.

Prostatectomía radical laparoscópica: primeros dos casos realizados por urólogos costarricenses / Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: first two cases performed by Costa Rican Urologists

Se reportan los primeros dos casos de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica (PRL) realizada por urólogos costarricenses. La PRL se realizó con colocación de 4 trocares luego de poner la cámara en cicatriz umbilical. El tiempo operatorio total fue de 240 y 205 minutos, la pérdida de sangre estimada fue de 150 y 100 ml respectivamente. Se extrajeron las próstatas con vesículas seminales por una incisión umbilical de 3 cm. Un dreno cerrado con succión se esternalizó por una de las incisiones de los trócares de 5mm. No hubo complicaciones trans ni post operatorias. La estadía hospitalaria post operatoria fue de 3 y 2 días, el dreno se retiró al tercer y segundo día post operado y las sondas Foley se retiraron a los 14 días. Las próstatas pesaron 27 y 23 gramos, los puntajes Gleason fueron de (3+4) y (3+3) ambos tuvieron márgenes negativos, sin infiltración vascular ni nerviosa. La PRL es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo para hombres con cáncer de próstata órgano confiado realizable, seguro y reproducible. Con mejor resultado cosmético y menor dolor posoperatorio...

[Ejaculatory duct obstruction]. / Obstrucción de conductos eyaculadores.

BACKGROUND: Prostatic cysts are rare lesions with a reported incidence from 1 to 7.9%. They have been associated with primary infertility. The main characteristic is the benign course and positive prognosis after correct surgical management. CLINICAL CASES: We present three clinical cases, two with primary infertility and another with a history of primary infertility who presented with recurrent hemospermia and refractory medical treatment. All patients had hypospermia and alteration of the seminal parameters represented by moderate oligospermia (MOS), asteno- and teratozoospermia, in addition to hemospermia in two patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by transrectal ultrasound. Transurethral resection (TUR) of the cyst was performed in two cases and resection of the veru montanum in one, obtaining improvement in the seminal parameters after 1 month of follow-up and acceptable parameters for spontaneous conception at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Infertility associated with partially obstructed ejaculatory ducts may be suspected clinically by hypospermia. Transrectal ultrasound is essential to confirm the diagnosis. TUR of this lesion reestablishes the free passage of semen in almost all patients, with potential recovery of fertility 6 months after treatment.

Obstrucción de conductos eyaculadores / Ejaculatory duct obstruction

BACKGROUND: Prostatic cysts are rare lesions with a reported incidence from 1 to 7.9%. They have been associated with primary infertility. The main characteristic is the benign course and positive prognosis after correct surgical management. CLINICAL CASES: We present three clinical cases, two with primary infertility and another with a history of primary infertility who presented with recurrent hemospermia and refractory medical treatment. All patients had hypospermia and alteration of the seminal parameters represented by moderate oligospermia (MOS), asteno- and teratozoospermia, in addition to hemospermia in two patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by transrectal ultrasound. Transurethral resection (TUR) of the cyst was performed in two cases and resection of the veru montanum in one, obtaining improvement in the seminal parameters after 1 month of follow-up and acceptable parameters for spontaneous conception at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Infertility associated with partially obstructed ejaculatory ducts may be suspected clinically by hypospermia. Transrectal ultrasound is essential to confirm the diagnosis. TUR of this lesion reestablishes the free passage of semen in almost all patients, with potential recovery of fertility 6 months after treatment.

Quiste de retención prostético: una causa rara de retención aguda de orina / Prostatic cyst causing urinary obstruction: report of one case

Las lesiones quísticas localizadas en la línea media de la glándula prostética presentan una incidencia difícil de estimar, debido a que la mayoría son asintomáticas y suelen ser un hallazgo casual durante el estudio de otra patología urológica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 85 años que en el transcurso de un episodio de retención aguda de orina es diagnosticado de un quiste de retención prostético, y realizamos una revisión de la literatura.

The incidence of medial prostatic cysts is unknown, since most of them are asymptomatic, and usually appear as an incidental finding during the study of other urological disease. We report an 85 years oíd man with a urinary obstruction. Rectal palpation disclosed a mass that was adjacent to the prostate. Magnetic resonance showed a cystic lesión of the right seminal vesicle. The cyst was drained, obtaining 250 mi of fluid and urinary obstruction subsided. After three months of follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic.

Comparación de complicaciones por sangrado en resección transuretral de próstata con y sin participación de residentes / Comparison of complications for bleeding in transurethral resection of prostate with and without participation of residents

Introduction: transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is still the gold standard treatment of prostatic obstruction. The objective of the present study is to compare the bleeding complications of TURP with and without the participation of residents. Material and methods: The data was obtained from a prospective protocol that included 200 patients submitted to TURP. Eleven patients were excluded from the study (5,5 percent). No patient was lost from follow-up. Results: Were viewed 189 surgeries, 46 with resident participation (24,3 percent). The operations performed by residents were more prolonged, and required more days with bladder drainage. The following bleeding complications were observed: 1) Bladder catheter washing to solve obstruction by clots: 11,6 percent, 2) Endoscopic revision in severe hematuria: 2,6 percent, 3) Readmission to the hospital in complete urinary retention secondary to clots: 2,1 percent and 4) Blood transfusion: 2,1 percent. The transfusion rate was significantly higher in resident surgeries (6,5 percent versus 0,7 percent, p=0,045), without differences in the other bleeding complications. Conclusion: The rate of bleeding complications is comparable to that recently published. Applying strict criterion for blood transfusion, no difference was observed between the groups. At our institution, the process of teaching and learning TURP does not increase significantly the risk of bleeding complications.

Association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis in young patients: a case report and literature review.

This case report refers to a 47-year old patient with prostate cancer associated with schistosomiasis mansoni, who was submitted to radical prostatectomy. This is the third report published in the literature with respect to this association, and up to the present time it is still not known whether a cause and effect relationship exists between the two pathologies. The association between schistosomiasis and cancer has been well-documented in bladder cancer; however, there are no data yet proving the association of this disease with prostatic neoplasia. In this report, a third documented case of prostatic adenocarcinoma and schistosomiasis mansoni is described and a literature review is performed.

Intraabdominal torsion of a neoplastic testicle and prostatic cyst in a cryptorchid dog.

The present report describes a case of a nine-year old male bilaterally cryptorchid boxer presented with testicular torsion and concurrent prostatic cyst. Clinical signs included anorexia, locomotor difficulty and apathy. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of a hard and painful mass in caudal abdomen. Ultrasonographic findings were compatible with testicular torsion and prostatic cyst, confirmed at surgery. Bilateral orchiectomy and omentalisation were performed. Histopathological examination of the torsed testicle revealed alterations consistent with seminoma.

Association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis in young patients: a case report and literature review

This case report refers to a 47-year old patient with prostate cancer associated with schistosomiasis mansoni, who was submitted to radical prostatectomy. This is the third report published in the literature with respect to this association, and up to the present time it is still not known whether a cause and effect relationship exists between the two pathologies. The association between schistosomiasis and cancer has been well-documented in bladder cancer; however, there are no data yet proving the association of this disease with prostatic neoplasia. In this report, a third documented case of prostatic adenocarcinoma and schistosomiasis mansoni is described and a literature review is performed.

Criterios actuales para evaluar la conducta a seguir con los pacientes que padecen de hiperplasia prostática benigna / Present criteria to evaluate the conduct to be followed with patients suffering from bening prostatic hyperplasia

El progreso de la biología y de la medicina en los últimos 20 años ha permitido avanzar en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología, morfología, sintomatología e incluso de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas en los pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB). Se llevó a cabo la presente investigación con el objetivo de evaluar los pacientes que asisten a nuestra consulta y que presentaban HPB a la luz de los nuevos criterios clínico-terapéuticos, e identificar la correlación existente entre estos criterios en dichos pacientes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 56 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 50 y los 80 años de edad. A todos los casos se les llenó una encuesta donde se recogieron los síntomas urinarios, el examen físico, el resultado de la uroflujometría y la medición del residuo vesical. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados por métodos paramétricos y los resultados fueron llevados a tablas para una mejor comprensión de éstos. El 66,6 (por ciento) de los pacientes que tenían un tacto rectal normal presentaban un flujo máximo obstructivo importante y el 50 (por ciento) de los casos con próstata al tacto grado III tenían flujo no obstructivo. Del total de pacientes con flujo máximo por debajo de 10 mL/s, el 89,2 (por ciento) tenía un residuo importante. El examen físico es útil para verificar la benignidad del proceso, pero el crecimiento de la glándula a través de la palpación digital no es proporcional al grado de obstrucción; que los síntomas obstructivos e irritativos aparecen con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes con un flujo urinario máximo menor de 10mL/seg. y que la medición del residuo vesical por ultrasonido abdominal nos es muy necesario para completar el estudio de estos pacientes(AU)

The progress of biology and medicine in the last years has allowed to advance in the knowldege of physiopathology, morphology, symptomatology and even of new therapeutic alternatives in patients with bening prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The present research was carried out aimed at evaluating those patients visiting our office and who presented BPH to the light of the new clinicotherapeutic crtieria, and at identifying the correlation existing among these criteria in such patients. A descriptive study of 56 patients aged 50-80 was conducted. All the patients were surveyed and data on the urinary sytem, the physical examination, the result of the uroflowmetry and the measurement of the vesical residual were collected. These data were analyzed by parametric methods and the results were shown in tables for their better comprehension. 66.6 percent of the patients with normal rectal touch had an important maximum obstructive flow and 50 percent of the cases with degree III prostate to the touch had nonobstructive flow. Of the total of patients with maximum flow under 10 mL/sec, 89.2 percent had an important residual. It was concluded that the physical examination is useful to verify the benignancy of the process, that the growth of the gland through digital palpation is not proportional with the obstruction degree, that the obstructive and irritative symptoms appear more frequently in patients with a maximum urinary flow under 10 mL/sec and that the measurement of the vesical residual by abdominal ultrasound is very necessary to complete the study of these patients(AU)

Estudio comparativo prospectivo aleatorio de antibióticos en resección transuretral de próstata / Comparative prospective randomized study of antibiotics in transurethral resection of the prostate

Comparar las complicaciones infecciosas con el uso de 2 esquemas antibióticos en resección transuretral de próstata (RTU-P) de pacientes con bajo riesgo, de modo de reducir el uso de antibióticos en este tipo de pacientes. Secundariamente, intentar ponderar la influencia de los antecedentes clínicos, hallazgos y complicaciones intraoperatorias y evolución postoperatoria en el desarrollo de dichas complicaciones. Se diseñó un estudio comparativo, prospectivo, aleatorio, abierto de 95 pacientes con orina estéril, no usuarios de sonda uretrovesical, sometidos a RTU-P en el plazo de 1 año. El grupo 1 recibió una modificación del esquema antibiótico mayormente utilizado hasta la fecha, consistente en cefazolina 1 gr IV preoperatorio y cada 8 h durante el primer día (3 dosis), seguido de ciprofloxacino 250 mg VO, cada 12 h, hasta el retiro de la sonda uretrovesical (dosis terapéutica). El grupo 2 recibió cefazolina 1 g IV preoperatorio y a las 8 h postoperatorias (2 dosis), seguido de nitrofurantoína, 100 mg VO en la noche, hasta el retiro de la sonda uretrovesical (dosis profiláctica). Se excluyeron 5 pacientes del análisis después de la distribución aleatoria (5,3'porciento) y no hubo pérdidas en el seguimiento. Se analizan 90 pacientes, 45 en cada grupo, los cuales fueron comparables en sus características clínicas, parámetros quirúrgicos, parámetros postoperatorios y complicaciones. Se presentó fiebre (temperatura axilar igual o mayor a 37,5 °C) en el 2 porciento del grupo 1 y en el 11 porciento del grupo 2 (p=0,091). Se presentó bacteriuria postoperatoria (recuento > 100.000 UFC por mL) precoz o tardía en el 2 porciento del grupo 1 y en el 13 porciento del grupo 2 (p=0,049). Esto, posiblemente, se debió al espectro de acción y dosis de los antimicrobianos utilizados. La fiebre estuvo relacionada estadísticamente con la infección urinaria postoperatoria.

[Cystic dilatation of the prostatic utricle]. / Dilatación quística del utrículo prostático.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of cystic dilatation of the prostatic utricle. METHODS: A case of cystic dilatation of the prostatic utricle associated with right renal agenesis in a 26-year-old patient who consulted for recurrent orchiepididymitis and a history of hemospermia is presented. RESULTS: Physical examination showed a hypogastric tumor mimicking a vesical globus that was palpable on digital rectal examination. Ultrasonography and urethrocystoscopy were decisive in the diagnosis of this anomaly. The utricle was removed by the transperitoneal approach. Gross examination showed opening of both deferent ducts and right ureter (blind-ending) into the utricle. CONCLUSION: The pathological characteristics of this anomaly permitted its identification as cystic dilatation of the prostatic utricle, a condition that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors in the male.