RESUMO
The presence of intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in drinking water is well recognized as a risk for diarrhea. The role of drinking water in extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli-such as urinary tract infections (UTIs)-remains poorly understood. Urinary tract infections are a leading cause of outpatient infections globally, with a lifetime incidence of 50-60% in adult women. We reviewed the scientific literature on the occurrence of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) in water supplies to determine whether the waterborne route may be an important, overlooked, source of UPEC. A limited number of studies have assessed whether UPEC isolates are present in drinking water supplies, but no studies have measured whether their presence in water may increase UPEC colonization or the risk of UTIs in humans. Given the prevalence of drinking water supplies contaminated with E. coli across the globe, efforts should be made to characterize UTI-related risks associated with drinking water, as well as other pathways of exposure.
Assuntos
Água Potável/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Urinárias/patologia , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/patogenicidade , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Edwardsiella tarda , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/etiologia , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/etiologia , Animais , Peixes-Gato/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Traumatismos da Mão/complicações , Traumatismos da Mão/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas pela Água/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of zinc (Zn) in preventing lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups, namely, control group, Pb group, Zn group, and Pb + Zn group. Animals were exposed to Pb (819 mg of Pb/L) or Zn (71 mg of Zn/L) or both through drinking water for 65 days. Rats exposed to Pb showed decreased weights of testes and accessory sex organs. Significant decrease in the testicular daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, motility, viability, and number of hypoosmotic tail coiled sperm was observed in Pb-exposed rats. Testicular 3ß- and 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity levels and circulatory testosterone levels were also decreased significantly in Pb-exposed rats. A significant increase in the lipid peroxidation products with a significant decrease in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were observed in the testes and epididymis of Pb-exposed rats. Moreover, the testicular architecture showed lumens devoid of sperm in Pb-exposed rats. Supplementation of Zn mitigated Pb-induced oxidative stress and restored the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in Pb-exposed rats. In conclusion, cotreatment of Zn is effective for recovering suppressed spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, elevated oxidative status, and histological damage in the testis of rats treated with Pb.