Colibacilose em pintainhas de postura em criação não tecnificada em Primavera do Leste – MT: relato de caso / Colibacillosis in chicks in non-technified creation in Primavera do Leste - MT: case report

A família das Enterobacteriaceae possui destacado espaço na avicultura, sendo a Escherichia coli um destes micro-organismos. A E. coli patogênica para aves é responsável pela colibacilose, desenvolvendo diversos sintomas extra-intestinais. Diante disto, o presente estudo buscou relatar achados anatomopatológicos em necrópsia realizada em pintainhas, com idade entre cinco e sete dias, oriundos de criatório da cidade de Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, com posterior cultivo bacteriano e identificação bioquímica. Os sinais clínicos relatados foram apatia, asas caídas, penas arrepiadas e diarreia. Os principais achados patológicos foram edema hepático com pontos necróticos esbranquiçados, vesícula biliar edemaciada, inflamação necrótica dos intestinos delgado e grosso, onfalite, pontos necróticos no mesentério e baço congesto. O cultivo bacteriano foi realizado em ágar Cled, MacConkey e CHROMID® CPS® Elite. Para confirmação do agente, foram remetidas amostras para identificação bioquímica e antibiograma, através de swab de transporte contendo meio Stuart, que confirmaram a presença de dois agentes: E. coli e Enterobacter cloacae, sendo o primeiro o mais provável como agente etiológico causador da enfermidade caracterizada pelos sintomas observados. A colibacilose gera diversas perdas para a cadeia produtiva, além de possuir caráter zoonótico. Assim, medidas profiláticas devem ser empregadas para controle do agente dentro do criatório.

The Enterobacteriaceae family has a prominent space in poultry farming, with Escherichia coli being one of these microorganisms. The pathogenic E. coli for poultry is responsible for colibacillosis, developing several extraintestinal symptoms. In view of this, the present study sought to report anatomopathological findings in necropsy performed on chicks, aged between five and seven days, from a nursery in the city of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, with subsequent bacterial culture and biochemical identification. The reported clinical signs were apathy, drooping wings, creepy feathers, and diarrhea. The main pathological findings were hepatic edema with whitish necrotic spots, edemaciate gallbladder, necrotic inflammation of the small and large intestines, omphalitis, necrotic points in the mesentery and spleen congestion. Bacterial culture was performed on Cled, MacConkey and CHROMID® CPS® Elite agar. To confirm the agent, samples were sent for biochemical identification and antibiogram, through a transport swab containing Stuart medium, which confirmed the presence of two agents, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae, the first one being the most probable as the etiological agent causing the infection. Disease characterized by the observed symptoms. Colibacillosis generates several losses for the productive chain, besides having a zoonotic character. Thus, prophylactic measures should be employed to control the agent within the laboratory.

Colibacilose em pintainhas de postura em criação não tecnificada em Primavera do Leste MT: relato de caso / Colibacillosis in chicks in non-technified creation in Primavera do Leste - MT: case report

A família das Enterobacteriaceae possui destacado espaço na avicultura, sendo a Escherichia coli um destes micro-organismos. A E. coli patogênica para aves é responsável pela colibacilose, desenvolvendo diversos sintomas extra-intestinais. Diante disto, o presente estudo buscou relatar achados anatomopatológicos em necrópsia realizada em pintainhas, com idade entre cinco e sete dias, oriundos de criatório da cidade de Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, com posterior cultivo bacteriano e identificação bioquímica. Os sinais clínicos relatados foram apatia, asas caídas, penas arrepiadas e diarreia. Os principais achados patológicos foram edema hepático com pontos necróticos esbranquiçados, vesícula biliar edemaciada, inflamação necrótica dos intestinos delgado e grosso, onfalite, pontos necróticos no mesentério e baço congesto. O cultivo bacteriano foi realizado em ágar Cled, MacConkey e CHROMID® CPS® Elite. Para confirmação do agente, foram remetidas amostras para identificação bioquímica e antibiograma, através de swab de transporte contendo meio Stuart, que confirmaram a presença de dois agentes: E. coli e Enterobacter cloacae, sendo o primeiro o mais provável como agente etiológico causador da enfermidade caracterizada pelos sintomas observados. A colibacilose gera diversas perdas para a cadeia produtiva, além de possuir caráter zoonótico. Assim, medidas profiláticas devem ser empregadas para controle do agente dentro do criatório.(AU)

The Enterobacteriaceae family has a prominent space in poultry farming, with Escherichia coli being one of these microorganisms. The pathogenic E. coli for poultry is responsible for colibacillosis, developing several extraintestinal symptoms. In view of this, the present study sought to report anatomopathological findings in necropsy performed on chicks, aged between five and seven days, from a nursery in the city of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, with subsequent bacterial culture and biochemical identification. The reported clinical signs were apathy, drooping wings, creepy feathers, and diarrhea. The main pathological findings were hepatic edema with whitish necrotic spots, edemaciate gallbladder, necrotic inflammation of the small and large intestines, omphalitis, necrotic points in the mesentery and spleen congestion. Bacterial culture was performed on Cled, MacConkey and CHROMID® CPS® Elite agar. To confirm the agent, samples were sent for biochemical identification and antibiogram, through a transport swab containing Stuart medium, which confirmed the presence of two agents, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae, the first one being the most probable as the etiological agent causing the infection. Disease characterized by the observed symptoms. Colibacillosis generates several losses for the productive chain, besides having a zoonotic character. Thus, prophylactic measures should be employed to control the agent within the laboratory.(AU)

Prevalence, virulence characterization, and genetic relatedness of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from chicken retail points and poultry slaughterhouses in Turkey.

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens and is a causal agent of listeriosis in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serogroups, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factor genes, and genetic relatedness of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 500 poultry samples in Turkey. The isolation sources of 103 L. monocytogenes strains were retail markets (n = 100) and slaughterhouses (n = 3). L. monocytogenes strains were identified as serogroups 1/2a-3a (75.7%, lineage I), 1/2c-3c (14.56%, lineage I), 1/2b-3b-7 (5.82%, lineage II), 4a-4c (2.91%, lineage III), and 4b-4d-4e (0.97%, lineage III). Most of the L. monocytogenes strains (93.2%) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested. PCR analysis indicated that the majority of the strains (95% to 100%) contained most of the virulence genes (hylA, plcA, plcB, prfA, mpl, actA, dltA, fri, flaA inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated that there were 18 pulsotypes grouped at a similarity of > 90% among the strains. These results indicate that it is necessary to prevent the presence of L. monocytogenes in the poultry-processing environments to help prevent outbreaks of listeriosis and protect public health.

Assessing the economic burden of avian infectious bronchitis on poultry farms in Brazil.

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a worldwide endemic disease of chickens that affects all branches of the poultry industry. Multiple geno/serotypes occur, and lowvaccine cross-protection results from the highly divergent IBV types. In view of the lack of consistent data on the economic losses caused by IB and the poor protection resulting from the use of the Massachusetts type as a live vaccine in Brazil, this survey aimed to estimate the losses per 1000 birds in broiler and breeder flocks positive for IBV. Thirty-two different IBV genetic types were found. In breeders, the total loss per 1,000 birds was US $3567.4 and US $4210.8 at 25-26 and 42 weeks old, respectively, whereas in broilers (48 days old), the estimated loss was US $266.3 per 1,000 birds. Taken together, the results show a significant and measurable economic impact on the broiler and breeder industries, with an age-dependent increasing trend and an association with multiple genetic types of the virus.

Experimental toxoplasmosis in broiler chicks.

To evaluate chicken toxoplasmosis both as an economic and a public health subject, 84 broiler chicks of a commercial strain, 30 days old, were distributed into seven groups of 12 birds (three replications of four chicks) experimentally infected with three developing T. gondii stages of the P strain as follows: tachyzoites, intravenous (two groups: 5.0 x 10(5) and 5.0 x 10(6)), cysts, per os (two groups: 1.0 x 10(2) and 1.0 x 10(3)) and oocysts, per os (three groups: 5.0 x 10(2), 5.0 x 10(3) and 5.0 x 10(4)). Twelve chicks received only a placebo (control group). During the next 30 days the following parameters were estimated: productivity (weight gain and feed conversion), clinical signs, including rectal temperature and parasitemia (bioassay). No clinical signs suggesting toxoplasmosis were seen and no statistical differences on productivity standards were found in comparison between inoculated and control chicks. However, fowls inoculated with tachyzoites and oocysts occasionally showed hyperthermia. Some haematological changes were detected in fowls inoculated with T. gondii. Anatomo-histopathological changes were not observed. From 14 parasitemias detected, 35.7% appeared on the 5th day after inoculation and 57.1% of them resulted from oocysts inoculation. After 30-35 days all birds were slaughtered: fragments from 12 organs or tissues from each of them were subjected to artificial peptic digestion and after that injected into T. gondii antibody-free mice (IIFR). T. gondii was detected in brain (12), pancreas (five), spleen (five), retina (five), kidney (two), heart (four), proventriculus (three), liver (two), intestine (two), lung (one), and skeletal muscle (one). Similar to observations with parasitemia, from 42 T. gondii isolations, 59.5% came from chicks which had received oocysts. It can thus be inferred that the developing form, expelled by cats, is the most important for T. gondii chicken infection and that brain is the most infected organ in birds. Attention must be paid to the potential importance of chicken meat in public health, since T. gondii was isolated from skeletal and heart muscles.