Effects of Orally Consumed Rosa damascena Mill. Hydrosol on Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, Lens Enzymatic Activity, and Lens Pathology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a multisystemic metabolic disorder that may affect the eyes, kidneys, vessels, and heart. Chronic hyperglycemia causes non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and elevation of the polyol pathway resulting in oxidative stress that damages organs. The current study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of orally consumed Rosa damascena Mill. hydrosol on hematology, clinical biochemistry, lens enzymatic activity, and lens pathology in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). Rose hydrosols containing 1515 mg/L and 500 mg/L total volatiles (expressed as citronellol) were introduced to rats orally for 45 days. Consumption of 1515 mg/L volatile containing rose hydrosol successfully ameliorated hematologic, hepatic, and renal functions. Hydrosols also attenuated hyperglycemia and decreased the advanced glycation end-product formation in a dose-dependent manner. Rose hydrosol components significantly increased the lens enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and decreased the activity of aldose reductase to prevent cataractogenesis. Histopathological examinations of rat lenses also indicated that increasing the dose of rose hydrosol had a protective effect on lenses in diabetic conditions. Additionally, in silico modeling of aldose reductase inhibition with rose hydrosol volatiles was carried out for extrapolating the current study to humans. The present results suggest that rose hydrosol exerts significant protective properties in diabetes mellitus and has no toxic effect on all studied systems in healthy test groups.

Comparison of Fellow Eyes of Acute Primary Angle Closure and Phacomorphic Angle Closure.

PURPOSE: To compare anterior segment parameters in fellow eyes of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and fellow eyes of phacomorphic angle closure (AC) and to identify parameters that could be used to differentiate fellow eyes of the 2 entities. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 55 unaffected fellow eyes of APAC, 48 unaffected fellow eyes of phacomorphic AC, and 52 eyes of control subjects. All patients underwent anterior segment optical coherence tomography imaging. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber area, anterior chamber width (ACW), iris thickness (IT), iris curvature, lens vault (LV), and angle parameters including angle-opening distance (AOD750) were measured in qualified images using customized software and compared among the groups using a linear mixed model. RESULTS: Fellow eyes of APAC had the smallest axial length, AOD, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber area, ACW, and the greatest LV, and IT (P≤0.002 for all), followed by fellow eyes of phacomorphic AC, after adjustment for age, sex, and pupil diameter. IT and curvature were comparable between fellow eyes of phacomorphic AC and controls. Angle parameters had the highest area of the receiver-operator characteristic curve for discrimination of fellow eyes of APAC eyes and phacomorphic AC (0.795, P=0.001 for AOD750). In a multivariable analysis, AOD750<0.161 µm [odds ratio (OR), 23.43; P=0.001], LV>768.6 µm (OR, 16.76; P=0.001), ACW<11.07 mm (OR, 8.93; P=0.023) and younger age (P=0.001) were the factors that discriminated fellow eyes of APAC from phacomorphic AC. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in ocular biometric parameters can be detected between fellow eyes of APAC and phacomorphic AC. Narrower angle, more anteriorly displaced lens, and thicker iris are the main parameters that distinguish fellow eyes of APAC and phacomorphic AC.

Disease and Surgery of the Equine Lens.

Examination of the lens is critical, particularly when evaluating horses with visual impairment or performing prepurchase examinations. To adequately evaluate the lens, the pupil must be pharmacologically dilated. A cataract is any lens opacity. The size, density, and position of a cataract determine the impact on vision. Cataracts may be congenital or inherited or occur secondary to trauma or equine recurrent uveitis. Surgical removal is the only treatment option for vision impairing cataracts, but careful selection of surgical candidates is critical for successful outcomes.

The Impact of Visual Guided Order Picking on Ocular Comfort, Ocular Surface and Tear Function.

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a visual picking system on ocular comfort, the ocular surface and tear function compared to those of a voice guided picking solution. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. SETTING: Institutional. STUDY POPULATION: A total of 25 young asymptomatic volunteers performed commissioning over 10 hours on two consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The operators were guided in the picking process by two different picking solutions, either visually or by voice while their subjective symptoms and ocular surface and tear function parameters were recorded. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale (VAS) values, according to subjective dry eye symptoms, in the visual condition were significantly higher at the end of the commissioning than the baseline measurements. In the voice condition, the VAS values remained stable during the commissioning. The tear break-up time (BUT) values declined significantly in the visual condition (pre-task: 16.6 sec and post-task: 9.6 sec) in the right eyes, that were exposed to the displays, the left eyes in the visual condition showed only a minor decline, whereas the BUT values in the voice condition remained constant (right eyes) or even increased (left eyes) over the time. No significant differences in the tear meniscus height values before and after the commissioning were observed in either condition. CONCLUSION: In our study, the use of visually guided picking solutions was correlated with post-task subjective symptoms and tear film instability.

Dramatic regression of persistent tunica vasculosa lentis associated with retinopathy of prematurity following treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab.

The authors describe a preterm infant who developed advanced retinopathy of prematurity bilaterally with a prominent tunica vasculosa lentis. Treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in regression of the tunica vasculosa lentis and posterior manifestations of the retinopathy of prematurity. RetCam imaging (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) of the anterior segment was used to document the dramatic tunica vasculosa lentis resolution.

Dramatic regression of persistent tunica vasculosa lentis associated with retinopathy of prematurity following treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab.

The authors describe a preterm infant who developed advanced retinopathy of prematurity bilaterally with a prominent tunica vasculosa lentis. Treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in regression of the tunica vasculosa lentis and posterior manifestations of the retinopathy of prematurity. RetCam imaging (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) of the anterior segment was used to document the dramatic tunica vasculosa lentis resolution.

Dietary vitamin C and E modulates oxidative stress induced-kidney and lens injury in diabetic aged male rats through modulating glucose homeostasis and antioxidant systems.

Diabetes induces oxidative stress in aged human and rat, although daily supplementation of vitamins C and E (VCE) can be beneficial to aged diabetic rats by reducing free radical production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether dietary VCE supplementation relieves oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic in aged rats. Thirty aged rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was used as a control. The second group was made diabetic using a single dose of intraperitoneal STZ. VCE-supplemented feed was given to aged diabetic rats constituting the third group. On the 21st day of the experiment, blood, lens and kidney samples were taken from all animals. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in lens and kidney, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and ß-carotene concentrations in kidney were lower in the diabetic group than in the control whereas plasma glucose, urea and creatinine, and kidney and lens peroxidation (LP) levels were higher in the diabetic group than in the control. However, kidney and lens LP levels, and plasma glucose, urea and creatinine values were decreased by VCE supplementation. Lens and kidney GSH-Px activity, kidney GSH, vitamin E and ß-carotene concentrations and erythrocyte counts were increased by VCE treatment. Kidney weights, vitamin A, haemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte and platelets values were not changed by diabetes and/or VCE supplementation. VCE ameliorated also diabetes-induced histopathological changes in kidney. In conclusion, we observed that VCE supplementation is beneficial towards kidney and lens of aged diabetic rats by modulating oxidative and antioxidant systems.

Propionibacterium acnes in capsular bag distension syndrome.

We report a case of capsular bag distension syndrome that developed 6 years after uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable, single-piece acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (AcrySof MA60BM). Slitlamp microscopy revealed a deep anterior chamber with no flare or cells. The posterior capsular bag was distended by a homogeneous milky substance between the back of the IOL and the capsular bag. Using a pars plana approach, a 23-gauge bimanual capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy were performed. Microbiological analysis revealed Propionibacterium acnes in the material inside the capsular bag. The postoperative period was uneventful. Four weeks after surgery, visual acuity was restored and there were no signs of intraocular inflammation. The origin of late capsular bag distension is not fully understood; it may involve an infectious component with propionibacteria. A surgical approach and removal of the potentially infectious material can be considered as an alternative to neodymium:YAG capsulotomy.

Phacoemulsification in isolated endogenous Candida albicans anterior uveitis with lens abscess in an intravenous methadone user.

We report the clinical course of a 31-year-old former intravenous drug user on methadone substitution therapy who injected methadone mixed with orange juice. She developed isolated metastatic Candida albicans anterior uveitis, which was treated with adequate systemic and local antifungal therapy. The uveitis regressed, but despite adequate local and systemic treatment, a lens abscess developed. Phacoemulsification and endocapsular intraocular lens implantation were performed, and the patient recovered 20/20 visual acuity in the affected eye. In patients with a history of injection drug use, persisting intravenous drug or substitution therapy abuse must be considered. Quick diagnosis and adequate treatment can prevent the development of widespread C albicans endophthalmitis, which has a poor visual prognosis. Early administration of antifungal and surgical therapy is crucial for achieving good functional results.

Candida (amphotericin-sensitive) lens abscess associated with decreasing arterial blood flow in a very low birth weight preterm infant.

In this report, we review the case of a candidal lens abscess in a premature infant girl who was 28 weeks' gestational age at birth. The culture obtained from the lens abscess grew Candida albicans sensitive to amphotericin B but resistant to flucytosine. This case is unique in that the infant developed a fungal lens cataract at 34 weeks' postconceptional age during the last week of a 30-day course of amphotericin B. The embryonic hyaloid artery system, which perfuses the developing lens, regresses between 29 and 32 weeks of gestation; thus, the mechanism for an infection of the lens may be inoculation of the lens by Candida before hyaloid artery system regression, followed by developmental loss of this blood supply, which makes the lens inaccessible to antimicrobial penetration. Candidal endophthalmitis with lens abscess is an uncommon morbidity that requires prompt recognition and surgical intervention for effective management.

True exfoliation of the lens capsule following uveitis.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of true exfoliation of the lens capsule following panuveitis, with slit-lamp photographs before and following the development of the true exfoliation. METHODS: Case report. Review of the history and clinical features of a 70-year-old woman who developed true exfoliation during the treatment for panuveitis. RESULTS: After 7 months of treatment for bilateral panuveitis with topical steroid and tropicamide, the patient developed a thin, transparent membrane arising on the lens surface in the right eye. A diagnosis of true exfoliation of the lens capsule was made. CONCLUSIONS: True exfoliation of the lens capsule following uveitis may occur due to the weakening of the anterior capsule by metabolic disorder caused by uveitis and precipitated by repeated mydriasis.