Intussuscepção gastroesofágica em canino / Gastroesophageal intussusception in canine

Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...(AU)

Intussuscepção gastroesofágica em canino / Gastroesophageal intussusception in canine

Background: Gastroesophageal intussusception is characterized by the invagination of the stomach into the esophagus,with or without the involvementof adjacent organs such as the spleen, pancreas, and omentum. In dogs, this condition hasno breed or sex predisposition. As it is an infrequent disease in routine veterinary medical practice, this study reports acase of gastroesophageal intussusception in a dog necropsied at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural Universityof Pernambuco (HOVET - UFRPE), Recife, Brazil.Case: The body of a 12-year-old black mixed breed male dog was sent to the Pathology Department (Necropsy Sectorof the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE) for a necropsy. The animal had a previous 4-year history ofrecurrent emesis and limb weakness, primarily in the anterior limbs, that worsened in the previous months and progressedto death. No previous treatments were reported by the owner. On external examination, the animal had a low body score(cachectic), forelimb joints with great flexibility, congested oral and ocular mucous membranes, enophthalmos, and increased volume in the perianal region. At the opening of the thoracic cavity, the final third of the esophagus was dilatedand gastroesophageal intussusception, edema, and pulmonary congestion were noted. In the abdominal cavity, there washepatic and renal congestion and large intestine and rectal ampoule dilation, with a large amount of solid and retainedfeces (fecaloma), perianal hernia, and testicular neoformation. These findings were consistent with those observed in deathcaused by cardiorespiratory failure secondary to gastroesophageal intussusception.Discussion: The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal intussusception is still not elucidated and is probably multifactorial.This condition causes reverse gastric peristalsis associated with a sudden and sustained increase in abdominal...

Clinical, radiographic and pathological analyses of megaesophagus in sheep: case report / Análise clínica, radiológica e patológica de megaesôfago em ovino: caso clínico

The present report describes the case of a male adult Dorper sheep with abdominal distention. The animal had already presented several episodes of bloat. Ruminocentesis was performed and there was a lot of gas output. An attempt was made to pass an orogastric tube up to the rumen in order to remove the content, but there was no progression. Contrast radiograph revealed esophageal dilation, accumulation of contrast in the esophageal lumen and ventral displacement of the trachea, suggesting megaesophagus. The patient still had signs of pneumonia resulting from aspiration of regurgitated content. The animal was submitted to euthanasia and in necropsy, there was enlargement of esophageal diameter and food content inside. Microscopic examination showed edema at lamina propria and submucosa of the esophagus. Megaesophagus diagnosis was based on clinical signs associated with findings from contrast radiograph and post-mortem exam.(AU)

O presente relato descreve o caso de um ovino adulto Dorper com distensão abdominal. O animal já havia apresentado vários episódios de timpanismo. Inicialmente realizou-se rumenocentese devido à intensa produção de gás e, então, tentou-se passar uma sonda orogástrica para remover o conteúdo ruminal, mas não houve progressão. A radiografia contrastada revelou dilatação esofágica, acúmulo de contraste na luz do esôfago e deslocamento ventral da traqueia, sugerindo megaesôfago. O paciente ainda apresentava pneumonia resultante da aspiração de conteúdo regurgitado. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e necropsia com observação de aumento do diâmetro esofágico e acúmulo de conteúdo alimentar na luz. O exame microscópico mostrou edema na lâmina própria e submucosa do esôfago. O diagnóstico de megaesôfago foi baseado nas manifestações clínicas associadas aos resultados da radiografia contrastada e exame post mortem.(AU)

Clinical, radiographic and pathological analyses of megaesophagus in sheep: case report / Análise clínica, radiológica e patológica de megaesôfago em ovino: caso clínico

The present report describes the case of a male adult Dorper sheep with abdominal distention. The animal had already presented several episodes of bloat. Ruminocentesis was performed and there was a lot of gas output. An attempt was made to pass an orogastric tube up to the rumen in order to remove the content, but there was no progression. Contrast radiograph revealed esophageal dilation, accumulation of contrast in the esophageal lumen and ventral displacement of the trachea, suggesting megaesophagus. The patient still had signs of pneumonia resulting from aspiration of regurgitated content. The animal was submitted to euthanasia and in necropsy, there was enlargement of esophageal diameter and food content inside. Microscopic examination showed edema at lamina propria and submucosa of the esophagus. Megaesophagus diagnosis was based on clinical signs associated with findings from contrast radiograph and post-mortem exam.

O presente relato descreve o caso de um ovino adulto Dorper com distensão abdominal. O animal já havia apresentado vários episódios de timpanismo. Inicialmente realizou-se rumenocentese devido à intensa produção de gás e, então, tentou-se passar uma sonda orogástrica para remover o conteúdo ruminal, mas não houve progressão. A radiografia contrastada revelou dilatação esofágica, acúmulo de contraste na luz do esôfago e deslocamento ventral da traqueia, sugerindo megaesôfago. O paciente ainda apresentava pneumonia resultante da aspiração de conteúdo regurgitado. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e necropsia com observação de aumento do diâmetro esofágico e acúmulo de conteúdo alimentar na luz. O exame microscópico mostrou edema na lâmina própria e submucosa do esôfago. O diagnóstico de megaesôfago foi baseado nas manifestações clínicas associadas aos resultados da radiografia contrastada e exame post mortem.

Megaesófago congénita en un perro / Congenital megaesophagus in a dog / Megaesôfago congênito em um cão

Megaesófago es un término descrito por la dilatación del esófago. Las anomalías del sistema vascular son las principales causas de la disfagia y la dilatación esofágica en los animales jóvenes. Megaesófago congénito corresponde a hipomotilidad y dilatación esofágica generalizada provoca regurgitación y el subdesarrollo del cachorro después del destete. Se concedió un perro de 40 días de edad, de sexo femenino, sin raza definida, con antecedentes de disfagia y regurgitación. El animal se sometió a un examen físico, y también se hizo un hemograma y radiografías simples de las cavidades torácica y abdominal, las posiciones de lado derecho y ventral-dorsal. En la exploración física se observó inflamación en la región del esófago cervical. En el examen radiográfico se observó un aumento de volumen en el esófago medio, cerca de la base del corazón, donde el esófago dilatado se visualizó con el contenido de los alimentos. En el hemograma se observó monocitosis, linfopenia y aumento en el número de plaquetas. Con base en los hallazgos, el animal fue diagnosticado con megaesófago y se procedió tratamiento clínico debido a la historia clínica del paciente.(AU)

Megaesophagus is a term described by the dilation of the esophagus. The abnormalities of the vascular system are the main causes of dysphagia and esophageal dilatation in young animals. Megaesophagus congenital corresponds to hypomotility and generalized esophageal dilation causes regurgitation and underdevelopment of the puppy after weaning. A dog 40 days old, female, without defined breed, with a history of dysphagia and regurgitation was granted. The animal was subjected to physical examination, and were also made a whole blood test and simple radiographs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, the side-to-side positions right and ventral-dorsal. On physical examination it was observed swelling in the cervical esophagus region. In the radiographic examination it was observed an increase in volume in the middle esophagus, near the base of the heart, where dilated esophagus was visualized with food content. In the hemogram was observed monocytosis, lymphopenia and increase in the number of platelets. Based on the findings, the animal was diagnosed with megaesophagus and proceded to clinical treatment due to the patient"s chart.(AU)

O megaesôfago é um termo descrito para dilatação do esôfago. As anomalias do anel vascular são as principais causas de disfagia e dilatação do esôfago em animais jovens. O megaesôfago congênito corresponde à hipomotilidade e à dilatação generalizada do esôfago, provoca regurgitação e subdesenvolvimento do filhote após o desmame. Foi atendido um cão de 40 dias de idade, fêmea, sem padrão racial definido, com histórico de disfagia e regurgitação. O animal foi submetido ao exame físico, e foram realizados ainda um hemograma e exame radiográfico simples das cavidades torácica e abdominal, nas posições látero-lateral direito e ventro-dorsal. No exame físico observou-se aumento de volume na região do esôfago cervical. No exame radiográfico foi observado um aumento de volume na porção média do esôfago, próximo à base do coração, onde foi visualizado esôfago dilatado, com conteúdo alimentar. No hemograma foi observado monocitose, linfopenia e aumento no número de plaquetas. Com base nos achados, o animal foi diagnosticado com megaesôfago e procedeu-se tratamento clínico devido ao quadro do paciente.(AU)

Megaesófago congénita en un perro / Congenital megaesophagus in a dog / Megaesôfago congênito em um cão

Megaesófago es un término descrito por la dilatación del esófago. Las anomalías del sistema vascular son las principales causas de la disfagia y la dilatación esofágica en los animales jóvenes. Megaesófago congénito corresponde a hipomotilidad y dilatación esofágica generalizada provoca regurgitación y el subdesarrollo del cachorro después del destete. Se concedió un perro de 40 días de edad, de sexo femenino, sin raza definida, con antecedentes de disfagia y regurgitación. El animal se sometió a un examen físico, y también se hizo un hemograma y radiografías simples de las cavidades torácica y abdominal, las posiciones de lado derecho y ventral-dorsal. En la exploración física se observó inflamación en la región del esófago cervical. En el examen radiográfico se observó un aumento de volumen en el esófago medio, cerca de la base del corazón, donde el esófago dilatado se visualizó con el contenido de los alimentos. En el hemograma se observó monocitosis, linfopenia y aumento en el número de plaquetas. Con base en los hallazgos, el animal fue diagnosticado con megaesófago y se procedió tratamiento clínico debido a la historia clínica del paciente.

Megaesophagus is a term described by the dilation of the esophagus. The abnormalities of the vascular system are the main causes of dysphagia and esophageal dilatation in young animals. Megaesophagus congenital corresponds to hypomotility and generalized esophageal dilation causes regurgitation and underdevelopment of the puppy after weaning. A dog 40 days old, female, without defined breed, with a history of dysphagia and regurgitation was granted. The animal was subjected to physical examination, and were also made a whole blood test and simple radiographs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, the side-to-side positions right and ventral-dorsal. On physical examination it was observed swelling in the cervical esophagus region. In the radiographic examination it was observed an increase in volume in the middle esophagus, near the base of the heart, where dilated esophagus was visualized with food content. In the hemogram was observed monocytosis, lymphopenia and increase in the number of platelets. Based on the findings, the animal was diagnosed with megaesophagus and proceded to clinical treatment due to the patient"s chart.

O megaesôfago é um termo descrito para dilatação do esôfago. As anomalias do anel vascular são as principais causas de disfagia e dilatação do esôfago em animais jovens. O megaesôfago congênito corresponde à hipomotilidade e à dilatação generalizada do esôfago, provoca regurgitação e subdesenvolvimento do filhote após o desmame. Foi atendido um cão de 40 dias de idade, fêmea, sem padrão racial definido, com histórico de disfagia e regurgitação. O animal foi submetido ao exame físico, e foram realizados ainda um hemograma e exame radiográfico simples das cavidades torácica e abdominal, nas posições látero-lateral direito e ventro-dorsal. No exame físico observou-se aumento de volume na região do esôfago cervical. No exame radiográfico foi observado um aumento de volume na porção média do esôfago, próximo à base do coração, onde foi visualizado esôfago dilatado, com conteúdo alimentar. No hemograma foi observado monocitose, linfopenia e aumento no número de plaquetas. Com base nos achados, o animal foi diagnosticado com megaesôfago e procedeu-se tratamento clínico devido ao quadro do paciente.

Timpanismo em bovinos, secundário à obstrução esofágica por citrus limon (limão siciliano) / Bloat in cattle secondary to esophageal obstruction by citrus limon (sicilian lemon)

Timpanismo ruminal consiste na distensão acentuada do rúmen e retículo, devido a incapacidade do animal em expulsar gases produzidos durante o processo fisiológico da fermentação. O timpanismo pode ser ocasionado de forma primária, por formação de espuma estável, ou secundária, devido a anormalidades funcionais e/ou físicas que interferem na eructação. Nesse trabalho, são descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da ocorrência de timpanismo secundário em bovinos, decorrente da obstrução esofágica aguda por limões sicilianos. Cinco bovinos, de um lote de 210, foram afetados. Os bovinos eram suplementados com resíduo de tangerina (Citrus reticulata) no cocho e na última carga desse subproduto, havia limões sicilianos inteiros misturados ao resíduo. Os cinco animais afetados eram da raça Aberdeen Angus e tinham entre 12-24 meses de idade. Todos apresentaram sinais clínicos caracterizados principalmente por mucosas cianóticas, grave timpanismo, desconforto abdominal, acentuada dispneia e taquicardia, atonia ruminal, desidratação, decúbito e morte. O curso clínico variou entre 24 a 48 horas. Na necropsia, os cinco bovinos apresentavam grave obstrução esofágica por limões nas porções: cranial (logo após a laringe [1/5]), porção medial (entrada do tórax [1/5]) e final (próximo ao cárdia [3/5]). Nas áreas de oclusão, observou-se extensa necrose e ulceração da mucosa esofágica. O conteúdo ruminal dos bovinos estava seco e misturado com limões inteiros. No esôfago de dois animais havia linha de timpanismo. As lesões histológicas eram visualizadas principalmente no esôfago, na região da obstrução, onde se evidenciaram alterações degenerativas, necróticas e ulcerativas acentuadas no revestimento epitelial.

Ruminal bloat (acute timpany) in ruminants is a marked rumen-reticular distension which results from more gas being produced during the physiologic process of fermentation than is eliminated by eructation. This condition may present itself as either primary timpany due to the formation of stable foam or secondary timpany resulting from functional and/or physical disturbances compromising eructation. This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of acute timpany in cattle secondary to esophageal obstruction by sicilian lemons. Five out of a herd of 210 cattle were affected. Cattle were supplemented with tangerine (Citrus reticulata) residues in a trough. In the last batch of this feed there were whole sicilian lemons mixed with the tangerine residue. The five affected cattle were 12-24 month-old Aberdeen-Angus. All of the five presented clinical signs characterized mainly by cyanotic mucous membranes, severe timpany, abdominal discomfort, marked dyspnea and tachycardia, ruminal atony, dehydration, recumbence and death. Clinical course lasted from 24 to 48 hours. Necropsy findings in the five affected cattle were similar and included complete esophageal obstruction by lemons in the cranial esophagus (immediately cranial to the larynx [1/5]) medial esophagus (at the thoracic inlet [1/5]) and caudal esophagus (close to the cardia [3/5]). At the occluded sites the esophageal mucosa was necrotic and ulcerated. Ruminal content was dried and admixed with whole lemons. In the esophagus o two affected bovine a bloat line was observed. Histological lesions were observed mainly in the esophagus at the sites of obstruction and consisted of marked degenerative, necrotic and ulcerative changes in the esophageal mucosal epithelium.

Timpanismo em bovinos, secundário à obstrução esofágica por Citrus limon (limão siciliano) / Bloat in cattle secondary to esophageal obstruction by Citrus limon (sicilian lemon)

Timpanismo ruminal consiste na distensão acentuada do rúmen e retículo, devido a incapacidade do animal em expulsar gases produzidos durante o processo fisiológico da fermentação. O timpanismo pode ser ocasionado de forma primária, por formação de espuma estável, ou secundária, devido a anormalidades funcionais e/ou físicas que interferem na eructação. Nesse trabalho, são descritos os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da ocorrência de timpanismo secundário em bovinos, decorrente da obstrução esofágica aguda por limões sicilianos. Cinco bovinos, de um lote de 210, foram afetados. Os bovinos eram suplementados com resíduo de tangerina (Citrus reticulata) no cocho e na última carga desse subproduto, havia limões sicilianos inteiros misturados ao resíduo. Os cinco animais afetados eram da raça Aberdeen Angus e tinham entre 12-24 meses de idade. Todos apresentaram sinais clínicos caracterizados principalmente por mucosas cianóticas, grave timpanismo, desconforto abdominal, acentuada dispneia e taquicardia, atonia ruminal, desidratação, decúbito e morte. O curso clínico variou entre 24 a 48 horas. Na necropsia, os cinco bovinos apresentavam grave obstrução esofágica por limões nas porções: cranial (logo após a laringe [1/5]), porção medial (entrada do tórax [1/5]) e final (próximo ao cárdia [3/5]). Nas áreas de oclusão, observou-se extensa necrose e ulceração da mucosa esofágica. O conteúdo ruminal dos bovinos estava seco e misturado com limões inteiros. No esôfago de dois animais havia linha de timpanismo. As lesões histológicas eram visualizadas principalmente no esôfago, na região da obstrução, onde se evidenciaram alterações degenerativas, necróticas e ulcerativas acentuadas no revestimento epitelial.(AU)

Ruminal bloat (acute timpany) in ruminants is a marked rumen-reticular distension which results from more gas being produced during the physiologic process of fermentation than is eliminated by eructation. This condition may present itself as either primary timpany due to the formation of stable foam or secondary timpany resulting from functional and/or physical disturbances compromising eructation. This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects of acute timpany in cattle secondary to esophageal obstruction by sicilian lemons. Five out of a herd of 210 cattle were affected. Cattle were supplemented with tangerine (Citrus reticulata) residues in a trough. In the last batch of this feed there were whole sicilian lemons mixed with the tangerine residue. The five affected cattle were 12-24 month-old Aberdeen-Angus. All of the five presented clinical signs characterized mainly by cyanotic mucous membranes, severe timpany, abdominal discomfort, marked dyspnea and tachycardia, ruminal atony, dehydration, recumbence and death. Clinical course lasted from 24 to 48 hours. Necropsy findings in the five affected cattle were similar and included complete esophageal obstruction by lemons in the cranial esophagus (immediately cranial to the larynx [1/5]) medial esophagus (at the thoracic inlet [1/5]) and caudal esophagus (close to the cardia [3/5]). At the occluded sites the esophageal mucosa was necrotic and ulcerated. Ruminal content was dried and admixed with whole lemons. In the esophagus o two affected bovine a bloat line was observed. Histological lesions were observed mainly in the esophagus at the sites of obstruction and consisted of marked degenerative, necrotic and ulcerative changes in the esophageal mucosal epithelium.(AU)

Helicobacteriose em leitões: imuno-histoquímica em amostras colhidas por meio de gastroscopia / Helicobacter infection in piglets: Immunohistochemical analysis in mucosal samples collected using gastroscopy

O diagnóstico da úlcera gastroesofágica (UGE) é fundamental para que se tente a recuperação dos afetados, entretanto há grande dificuldade na sua realização de forma precisa. Modernos endoscópios são ferramentas importantes nesse sentido e podem ser usados para determinar em que fase da criação a ulceração ocorre. A bactéria Helicobacter tem sido associada à UGE e gerado perdas econômicas. Tendo em vista que poucos trabalhos têm sido realizados para identificação do problema precocemente, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar as lesões relacionando-as, ou não, com a bactéria Helicobacter spp., mediante análises macroscópica e histopatológica de amostras colhidas por meio da gastroscopia. Foram utilizados 20 animais de ambos os sexos, pesando entre 22 e 26kg e com 65 dias de idade. O aparelho utilizado foi um gastrovideoscópio da marca Karl Storz, modelo 1380NKS. Foram colhidas amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular (quadrilátero esofágico) e glandular (cárdica, fúndica e pilórica) para o teste ultrarrápido da urease e para as avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas. Onze animais apresentaram lesões na região aglandular à endoscopia, e microscopicamente 15 animais apresentaram paraqueratose. Em 18 animais, foram observadas alterações em pelo menos uma das três regiões glandulares. As lesões foram maiores na região cárdica, seguida da antral e da fúndica. Em relação ao teste ultrarrápido da urease, sete animais foram negativos nas quatro regiões, e 13 positivos em pelo menos uma delas. Em relação à imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), 10 animais foram negativos em todas as regiões e 10 foram positivos em pelo menos uma delas. Os achados pré-ulcerativos não demonstraram relação com o Helicobacter spp., que apresenta caráter saprofítico e oportunista confirmado pela sua imunomarcação em áreas sem lesão.(AU)

Gastroesophageal ulcer (GEU) diagnosis is fundamental for the treatment and recovery of the affected animal stock. GEU is a condition affecting animals, resulting in depletion of animal stock and subsequent economic losses. Helicobacter spp. have been associated with GEU. Modern endoscopes are important for detecting the stage of the breeding process at which the ulceration occurs. However, few studies regarding early detection of GEU have been conducted. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether GEU lesions were related to Helicobacter spp. infection, using gastroscopy as a diagnostic technique for macroscopic and histopathological analyses. Twenty piglets (both male and female) with a mean age of 65 days were included (weight, 22-26 kg). We used a Karl Storz Gastrovideoscope (model 1380NKS). Samples from nonglandular and glandular (cardia, fundus, and pylorus) regions were collected for the ultra-rapid urease test and for histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations. Eleven animals showed macroscopic lesions in the nonglandular region during endoscopy, and 15 animals showed parakeratosis on histological analysis. Lesions in at least 1 glandular region were observed in 18 animals. The lesions were bigger in the cardiac region, followed by those in the antrum and the fundus. Regarding the ultra-rapid urease test, 7 animals were negative in all 4 regions and 13 were positive in at least 1 region. On IHC, 10 animals were negative in all 4 regions and 10 were positive in at least 1 region. However, pre-ulcerative findings were not correlated with Helicobacter spp. infection in the present study. The positive IHC findings for Helicobacter spp in regions without ulcerative lesions suggest its saprophytic and opportunistic nature.(AU)

Helicobacteriose em leitões: imuno-histoquímica em amostras colhidas por meio de gastroscopia / Helicobacter infection in piglets: Immunohistochemical analysis in mucosal samples collected using gastroscopy

O diagnóstico da úlcera gastroesofágica (UGE) é fundamental para que se tente a recuperação dos afetados, entretanto há grande dificuldade na sua realização de forma precisa. Modernos endoscópios são ferramentas importantes nesse sentido e podem ser usados para determinar em que fase da criação a ulceração ocorre. A bactéria Helicobacter tem sido associada à UGE e gerado perdas econômicas. Tendo em vista que poucos trabalhos têm sido realizados para identificação do problema precocemente, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar as lesões relacionando-as, ou não, com a bactéria Helicobacter spp., mediante análises macroscópica e histopatológica de amostras colhidas por meio da gastroscopia. Foram utilizados 20 animais de ambos os sexos, pesando entre 22 e 26kg e com 65 dias de idade. O aparelho utilizado foi um gastrovideoscópio da marca Karl Storz, modelo 1380NKS. Foram colhidas amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular (quadrilátero esofágico) e glandular (cárdica, fúndica e pilórica) para o teste ultrarrápido da urease e para as avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas. Onze animais apresentaram lesões na região aglandular à endoscopia, e microscopicamente 15 animais apresentaram paraqueratose. Em 18 animais, foram observadas alterações em pelo menos uma das três regiões glandulares. As lesões foram maiores na região cárdica, seguida da antral e da fúndica. Em relação ao teste ultrarrápido da urease, sete animais foram negativos nas quatro regiões, e 13 positivos em pelo menos uma delas. Em relação à imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), 10 animais foram negativos em todas as regiões e 10 foram positivos em pelo menos uma delas. Os achados pré-ulcerativos não demonstraram relação com o Helicobacter spp., que apresenta caráter saprofítico e oportunista confirmado pela sua imunomarcação em áreas sem lesão...

Gastroesophageal ulcer (GEU) diagnosis is fundamental for the treatment and recovery of the affected animal stock. GEU is a condition affecting animals, resulting in depletion of animal stock and subsequent economic losses. Helicobacter spp. have been associated with GEU. Modern endoscopes are important for detecting the stage of the breeding process at which the ulceration occurs. However, few studies regarding early detection of GEU have been conducted. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether GEU lesions were related to Helicobacter spp. infection, using gastroscopy as a diagnostic technique for macroscopic and histopathological analyses. Twenty piglets (both male and female) with a mean age of 65 days were included (weight, 22-26 kg). We used a Karl Storz Gastrovideoscope (model 1380NKS). Samples from nonglandular and glandular (cardia, fundus, and pylorus) regions were collected for the ultra-rapid urease test and for histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations. Eleven animals showed macroscopic lesions in the nonglandular region during endoscopy, and 15 animals showed parakeratosis on histological analysis. Lesions in at least 1 glandular region were observed in 18 animals. The lesions were bigger in the cardiac region, followed by those in the antrum and the fundus. Regarding the ultra-rapid urease test, 7 animals were negative in all 4 regions and 13 were positive in at least 1 region. On IHC, 10 animals were negative in all 4 regions and 10 were positive in at least 1 region. However, pre-ulcerative findings were not correlated with Helicobacter spp. infection in the present study. The positive IHC findings for Helicobacter spp in regions without ulcerative lesions suggest its saprophytic and opportunistic nature...

Acute oesophageal necrosis concurrent with Leishmania chagasi infection in a dog.

A case of acute oesophageal necrosis concurrent with Leishmania chagasi infection is reported in a 6-year-old female mixed-breed dog. The report describes clinical signs, gross and microscopical lesions and immunohistochemical findings.

Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de caprino com megaesôfago / Clinical and radiographic analyses of a goat with megaesophagus

A seven month old female goat showed neck swelling, apathy, appetite and weight loss, restlessness, increased salivation, cough, and regurgitation episodes which occurred post feeding. The animal was evaluated through both clinical and radiographic examinations. Plain radiography was performed and contrasted X-ray was done using barium sulfate. For radiological examination, the lateral projection was used for analysis. The results showed a radiopaque content in the esophageal lumen dorsally positioned to heart with density and appearance similar to the rumen. A dilation of the esophagus was reported and a diagnosis of megaesophagus was made. In conclusion, contrast esophagography must be included in the diagnosis of megaesophagus in goats.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de caprino com megaesôfago / Clinical and radiographic analyses of a goat with megaesophagus

A seven month old female goat showed neck swelling, apathy, appetite and weight loss, restlessness, increased salivation, cough, and regurgitation episodes which occurred post feeding. The animal was evaluated through both clinical and radiographic examinations. Plain radiography was performed and contrasted X-ray was done using barium sulfate. For radiological examination, the lateral projection was used for analysis. The results showed a radiopaque content in the esophageal lumen dorsally positioned to heart with density and appearance similar to the rumen. A dilation of the esophagus was reported and a diagnosis of megaesophagus was made. In conclusion, contrast esophagography must be included in the diagnosis of megaesophagus in goats.

Hérnia de hiato: relato de caso / Hiatal hérnia: case report

A hérnia de hiato esofágico é uma doença que afeta cães e gatos geralmente jovens até um ano de idade como condição hereditária e predisposição racial. O afrouxamento do ligamento frênico esofágico faz com que haja uma projeção de órgãos para dentro do esôfago ou lateralmente a ele. Isso leva ao aparecimento de sinais clínicos inespecíficos e somente com uma adequada anamnese e exame radiográfico detalhado é que se pode concluir que se trata de hérnia de hiato. Relata-se o caso clínico de um cão macho da raça Shar-pei com seis meses de idade, o qual a correção da afecção foi cirúrgica com excelente recuperação do animal(AU)

The hiatal esophagic hernia is a disease that affects generally young dogs and cats up to one year old due to heredity and racial predisposition. The esophagus-frenic ligament weakness makes a projection of organs in to or laterally the esophagus. This fact leads to an appearance of meaning clinical signals and only with a detailed anamnesis and radiographic examination as mean to diagnosing hiatal hernia. This research refers a clinical case of a male dog, Shar-pei that was submitted to surgical treatment. Six months after the surgery, the dog had an excellent recovery(AU)

Hérnia de hiato: relato de caso / Hiatal hérnia: case report

A hérnia de hiato esofágico é uma doença que afeta cães e gatos geralmente jovens até um ano de idade como condição hereditária e predisposição racial. O afrouxamento do ligamento frênico esofágico faz com que haja uma projeção de órgãos para dentro do esôfago ou lateralmente a ele. Isso leva ao aparecimento de sinais clínicos inespecíficos e somente com uma adequada anamnese e exame radiográfico detalhado é que se pode concluir que se trata de hérnia de hiato. Relata-se o caso clínico de um cão macho da raça Shar-pei com seis meses de idade, o qual a correção da afecção foi cirúrgica com excelente recuperação do animal

The hiatal esophagic hernia is a disease that affects generally young dogs and cats up to one year old due to heredity and racial predisposition. The esophagus-frenic ligament weakness makes a projection of organs in to or laterally the esophagus. This fact leads to an appearance of meaning clinical signals and only with a detailed anamnesis and radiographic examination as mean to diagnosing hiatal hernia. This research refers a clinical case of a male dog, Shar-pei that was submitted to surgical treatment. Six months after the surgery, the dog had an excellent recovery

Presence of Hypoderma lineatum stage I larvae in the esophagus of cattle slaughtered in Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico.

In order to detect the presence of Hypoderma lineatum stage I larvae within the esophagus of cattle slaughtered in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, a total of five samplings were carried out between July and November 2000. In each instance, a random sample was taken from 10% of the animals slaughtered in a single work shift in each of the two slaughterhouses included in this study. The esophagus were cut longitudinally in order to carry out visual inspection and detect the presence of H. lineatum stage I larvae in the submucosa. The larvae were separated and counted. We identified the presence of H. lineatum stage I larvae in the esophagus for all sampling dates, nevertheless, within the last sampling only one esophagus had them. For all sampling dates the prevalence ranged between 11 and 33%; the latter corresponded to the sampling in October. A total of 287 esophagus was inspected of which 54 were positive with one or more larvae (19%); 233 larvae were obtained from these cases. The number of larvae recovered per sampling ranged from 46 to 74 between July and October, the highest number was found in September's sampling. The largest amount of stage I larvae per esophagus was 22 in the months of July and August. Larvae were always located in the submucosa of the esophagus and all were oriented longitudinally.

A new experimental model to study preneoplastic lesions in achalasia of the esophagus / Novo modelo experimental para o estudo de lesões preneoplásicas na acalasia de esôfago

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo experimental que permitisse o estudo de lesões preneoplásicas induzidas por diethylnitrosamina em ratos com acalasia. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: controle - C (n=8); ratos com megaesôfago - B (n=8); ratos tratados com DEN - D (n=15) e ratos com megaesôfago mais DEN - BD (n=15). O megaesôfago pode ser obtido experimentalmente através da aplicação tópica de cloreto de benzalcônio. Foi avaliada a morfologia do epitélio e a proliferação celular do epitélio pelo método do PCNA. RESULTADOS: A análise morfométrica mostrou aumento da espessura epitelial no grupo BD (2166±1012mm2) em relação aos outros grupos (C = 878±278mm2; B = 1746±144mm2 e D = 1691±697mm2), principalmente devido a uma hiperplasia da camada basal e um aumento na queratina da camada superficial. O índice de marcação pelo PCNA na camada basal foi significantemente maior neste mesmo grupo (0,695±0,111) quando comparado com os outros (C-0,490±0,132; B-0,512±0,215 e D-0,477±0,198). CONCLUSÕES: Estes dados confirmam através de um modelo experimental o aumento proliferativo celular durante o processo de carcinogênese na acalasia do esôfago e podem ser úteis durante estudos de endoscopia realizados em pacientes que possuem acalasia.(AU)

Type-4 esophageal hiatal hernia in a Chinese Shar-pei dog.

Thoracic radiography of a 3-month-old, female Chinese Shar-pei revealed an esophageal hiatal hernia with stomach, liver, and small intestine displaced into the thorax. Three days after the surgical correction, the dog developed ileal intussusception and was reoperated. Recovery was uncomplicated and the dog was asymptomatic 16 months after surgery.

Gastrinaemia, tissue gastrin concentration and G cell density in the antral mucosa of swine with and without gastric ulcer of the pars oesophagea.

Gastric ulcer of the pars oesophagea (GUPO) of the stomach, which occurs spontaneously in swine, is of unknown aetiology. Because gastrin is a potent secretagogue linked to acid secretion, this study was designed to investigate, in pigs with or without GUPO, (1) basal and food-stimulated serum gastrin concentrations, (2) the concentration of tissue gastrin, and (3) gastrin-producing (G) cell density in the antral mucosa. Sixty-four pigs (32 with, and 32 without ulceration) were studied. Antral mucosa was obtained immediately after slaughter for assessment of G-cell number and tissue gastrin concentration. The presence or absence of GUPO was not significantly associated with either of the parameters measured.