Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 16 de 16
Filtrar
1.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 69(10): 698-707, dic. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158584

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir en el entorno de la práctica clínica diaria, el perfil del paciente con vejiga hiperactiva (VH) tratado con dosis flexible de antimuscarícos. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico llevado a cabo en 88 Hospitales públicos y privados. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, diagnosticados de VH que iniciaron tratamiento con algún antimuscarínico a dosis flexible. Se recogió tipo de antimuscarínico, dosis, tratamientos concomitantes, beneficio aportado y cumplimiento terapéutico. RESULTADOS: Población constituida por 846 pacientes mayores de 60 años, pluripatológica (83,5%) y polimedicada (73,4%), formada mayoritariamente por mujeres (74,5%) y con más de un año de evolución de la VH. Principales antimuscarínicos inicialmente prescritos: fesoterodina (66,9%) y solifenacina (31,0%). El 68,2% de los pacientes iniciaron el tratamiento con la dosis baja. En la visita de seguimiento, el 47,0% modificó dosis (84,2% aumentaron la dosis, 15,8% disminuyeron la dosis). Los grupos que tuvieron que modificar dosis presentaron significativamente mayor morbilidad, peor sintomatología, mayor empleo de recursos sanitarios y peor cumplimiento terapéutico que el grupo de pacientes tratados siempre a dosis alta. CONCLUSIÓN: En determinados pacientes, el empleo desde el inicio del tratamiento antimuscarínico de dosis- flexible a la dosis más alta, podría proporcionar mayor beneficio terapéutico, adherencia y menor empleo de recursos sanitarios que el escalado de dosis


OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of the overactive bladder (OAB) patient on treatment with flexible-dose antimuscarinic treatment in daily clinical practice. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective and multicenter study, carried out at 88 public and private hospitals. Adult patients diagnosed with OAB who initiated flexible-dose antimuscarinic treatment. Type of antimuscarinic, dose, concomitant treatments, treatment benefit and treatment adherence were recorded. RESULTS: This was a pluripathological (83.5%) and polymedicated (73.4%) population, comprised of 846 patients, mostly women (74.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 61.3 (12.1) years and more than one year of OAB evolution. Main initially prescribed antimuscarinics were fesoterodine (66.5%) and solifenacine (30.0%). Overall, 68.2% of the patients started treatment with the low dosage; at the follow-up visit 47.0% changed the dosage (84.2% increased the dosage, 15.8% decreased the dosage). Patients who changed the dosage showed a significantly greater morbidity, worse OAB symptoms, greater health resources use, and worse adherence to treatment compared with those that maintained the high dosage all the time. CONCLUSION: No differences were found regarding the demographic or clinical characteristics that allow us to identify which patients should receive the different options of available dose of antimuscarinic drugs, although greater benefits seem to be achieved with the use of the highest or the lowest dose from the outset than with the change of dose


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/patologia , Dosagem/classificação , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administração & dosagem , Estágio Clínico/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/complicações , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/diagnóstico , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/provisão & distribuição , Estágio Clínico/classificação , 50293
2.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 18(1): 58-64, ene. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-148052

RESUMO

Background. To test the feasibility of radiotherapy dose escalation using volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC) and compare this with whole-pelvis three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT) in terms of clinical toxicity. Methods. Database was reviewed for all LACC patients treated during 2011 and 2012. Twenty patients who were treated with escalated dose of radiotherapy using VMAT were selected for analysis. A matched cohort of 40 patients who had 3DCRT between 2005 and 2008 was selected as control. Mean basal hemoglobin, average weekly hemoglobin, and maximal drop in hemoglobin were measured for both 3DCRT and VMAT groups and treatment toxicity scored according to RTOG criteria. Charts were also reviewed for other acute and late toxicities including the rate of compliance with prescribed treatment. Results. Mean age was 46 (30-63) and 47 years (33-67), mean tumor size was 5.5 and 5 cm and blood transfusion rate was 55 and 45 % in CRT and VMAT groups, respectively. Hemoglobin toxicity (Grade I-II) was encountered in 97.5 and 90 % (p 0.0.3) while Grade I-III Leukopenia was 90 and 70 % (p 0.02), respectively. There was no Grade 3 or 4 GI or GU toxicity. Conclusion. VMAT/IGRT with dose escalation is feasible in LACC without excessive toxicity as compared to CRT "Box". We propose a randomized control trial of this novel approach of higher radiation dose and volume against the standard prescription based on CRT (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/normas , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Radioterapia Adjuvante/psicologia , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Controle da Radiação/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/classificação , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/enfermagem , Dosagem/classificação , Radioterapia Adjuvante/classificação , Radioterapia Adjuvante/normas , Linfonodos/anormalidades , Controle da Radiação/análise
3.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 22(6): 253-270, nov.-dic. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-147714

RESUMO

La epicondilalgia lateral es una de las lesiones más comunes del brazo, siendo el músculo extensor radial corto del carpo (ERCB) la estructura más afectada, por movimientos repetitivos, rápidos y monótonos, principalmente afecta entre 1-3% de la población general, siendo más común en mujeres. El ejercicio terapéutico, es uno de los elementos claves en los programas diseñados para el manejo de esta condición. Se realizará una búsqueda de la evidencia a través de una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que hayan determinado la efectividad del ejercicio terapéutico para el manejo de estos pacientes. El objetivo de esta Revisión es determinar si existe evidencia científica que avale la efectividad clínica del ejercicio terapéutico sólo o dentro de un programa de tratamiento en pacientes adultos con epicondilalgia lateral. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) y ensayos clínicos controlados (ECC); las bases de datos usadas fueron: Medline, Cinahl, PEDro, Central, Lilacs. Los resultados obtenidos fueron de treinta y seis artículos que cumplían con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. Se concluye que existe evidencia moderada que el ejercicio terapéutico comparado con una intervención única, disminuye el dolor, mejora la funcionalidad y aumenta la fuerza libre de dolor en corto, medio y largo plazo. Existe evidencia de que el ejercicio terapéutico disminuye el dolor, y aumenta la fuerza sin dolor a corto plazo. Existe evidencia fuerte de que el ejercicio terapéutico disminuye el dolor, aumenta la fuerza y mejora la funcionalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo (AU)


The lateral epicondylalgia is one of the most common injuries of the arm; with the muscle extensor carpi radialis brevis (ERCB) affected the structure, repetitive motion, rapids and monotonous, mainly affects between 1-3% of the general population, being more common in women. Therapeutic exercise is one of the key elements in programs designed for the management of this condition. There will be a synthesis of evidence through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials that established the effectiveness of exercise therapy in the management of these patients. The aim of this review is to determine whether there is scientific evidence to support the clinical effectiveness of exercise therapy alone or in a treatment program for adult patients with LE. The search strategy included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) databases were used: Medline, CINAHL, PEDro, Central, Lilacs. The results obtained were thirty-six articles that met our eligibility criteria. We conclude that there is moderate evidence shows that therapeutic exercise alone compared with a single intervention, decreases pain, improves function and increases strength pain free in short, medium and long term. There is strong evidence that exercise therapy reduces pain, increases strength and free from short-term pain. There is strong evidence that exercise therapy reduces pain, increases strength and improves functionality in the short, medium and long term (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento/psicologia , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento/normas , Cotovelo de Tenista/metabolismo , Cotovelo de Tenista/patologia , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas/classificação , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas/normas , Terapêutica/métodos , Dosagem/análise , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento/métodos , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento , Cotovelo de Tenista/complicações , Cotovelo de Tenista/diagnóstico , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas/tendências , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Terapêutica , Dosagem/classificação , Dosagem/métodos
5.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (220): 31-54, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144675

RESUMO

Los antipsicóticos son el tratamiento de elección de los síntomas psicóticos en la población anciana. También se emplean para el tratamiento de otros diagnósticos como depresión, trastorno bipolar, ansiedad grave o insomnio. La eficacia entre los distintos antipsicóticos es similar, pero en la población anciana es el perfil de efectos secundarios lo que condiciona la prescripción de un antipsicótico u otro. En este artículo se realiza una puesta al día del empleo de antipsicóticos en ancianos, incidiendo en las diferencias entre antipsicóticos típicos y atípicos, así como entre los distintos antipsicóticos atípicos entre sí. Se han revisado los principales efectos adversos de estos medicamentos en la vejez, enfatizando en los efectos cardio y cerebrovascular tanto en ancianos con enfermedad mental como en ancianos con enfermedades neurodegenerativas


Antipsychotics are the first choice for the psychotic symptoms in the elderly. These drugs are also employed other diagnosis such as depression, bipolar disorder, severe anxiety or insomnia. The efficacy appears to be similar for all antipsychotics. In the elderly, adverse effects determine the use of a specific antipsychotic. In this article we expose an update on the use of antipsychotics in the elderly, focusing in the differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics and among all the atypicals. The main adverse effects of these drugs in the elderly are reviewed, with an special focus on the cardio and cerebrovascular adverse effects, both in patients with mental illness and in patients with neurodegenerative disorders


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria)/ética , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hipotensão Ortostática/metabolismo , Demência/patologia , Dosagem/métodos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria)/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/classificação , Transtornos Psicóticos/metabolismo , Antipsicóticos/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Hipotensão Ortostática/complicações , Demência/genética , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Preparações Farmacêuticas
6.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 90(supl.1): 11-14, mar. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144566

RESUMO

La aprobación de aflibercept para el tratamiento de la forma neovascular de degeneración macular asociada a la edad ha abierto la posibilidad de tratar a los pacientes con menos inyecciones dada la bimestralidad de dosificación de aflibercept, así como rescatar pacientes con respuesta subóptima a otros tratamientos antiangiogénicos. El presente manuscrito revisa la evidencia científica existente respecto al tratamiento con aflibercept, tanto en pacientes no tratados previamente como en aquellos con respuesta insatisfactoria a los tratamientos convencionales


The approval of aflibercept for the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration has opened up the possibility of treating patients with fewer injections, since the drug can be administered once every two months. Aflibercept can also be used as rescue therapy in patients with suboptimal response to other antiangiogenic treatments. The present study reviews the scientific evidence on aflibercept, both in treatment-naïve patients and in those with an unsatisfactory response to conventional treatments


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacologia Clínica/métodos , Farmacologia Clínica/tendências , Degeneração Macular/congênito , Degeneração Macular/patologia , Neovascularização de Coroide/patologia , Dosagem/análise , Terapêutica/métodos , Farmacologia Clínica/ética , Farmacologia Clínica/normas , Degeneração Macular/complicações , Degeneração Macular/metabolismo , Neovascularização de Coroide/metabolismo , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Terapêutica/tendências
7.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 90(supl.1): 15-23, mar. 2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144567

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Los estudios copernicus y galileo se disenaron para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la inyeccion intravitrea de 2 mg de aflibercept en el tratamiento del edema macular secundario a la oclusion de vena central de la retina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudios en fase 3 aleatorizados y doble ciego: copernicus en Norteamerica (188 pacientes) y galileo en Europa y Asia (177 pacientes). En el estudio copernicus, los pacientes en el grupo de tratamiento recibieron 6 inyecciones mensuales de 2 mg de aflibercept y despues continuaron con tratamiento PRN estricto, con seguimiento mensual durante 6 meses y con seguimiento como minimo trimestral durante 1 ano. Los pacientes del grupo placebo pudieron recibir tratamiento a partir del sexto mes, con pautas de tratamiento y seguimiento similares al grupo de tratamiento. Por el contrario, en el estudio galileo el grupo placebo no recibio tratamiento prn hasta el ano de seguimiento y durante los ultimos 6 meses las revisiones fueron bimensuales. RESULTADOS: El grupo de tratamiento del estudio copernicus mejoro una media de 13 letras frente al grupo placebo (1,5 letras) a la semana 100 de seguimiento. En el estudio galileo las mejorias medias de AV a las 76 semanas fueron de 13,7 y 6,6 en los grupos de tratamiento y placebo, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento precoz con aflibercept intravitreo consigue mejores visiones que cuando el inicio del tratamiento se retrasa 6 meses o un ano. Los beneficios visuales obtenidos con el tratamiento se ven afectados por la reduccion en la frecuencia de monitorizacion durante el seguimiento


OBJECTIVE: The copernicus and galileo trials were designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of 2 mg of aflibercept in the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two phase III randomized, double-masked trials: copernicus in North America (188 patients) and galileo in Europe and Asia (177 patients). In copernicus, the patients in the treatment group received monthly injections of 2mg aflibercept for 6 months and later continued with strict PRN treatment with monthly follow-up every 6 months and with a minimum of 3-monthly follow up for 1 year. Patients in the placebo group could receive treatment after the sixth month, with similar treatment regimens and follow-up to the treatment group. In contrast, in galileo, the placebo group received no PRN treatment until 1 year of follow-up and during the first 6 months, followup visits were bi-monthly. RESULTS: The treatment group in copernicus showed a mean improvement of 13 letters versus the placebo group (1.5 letters) at week 100 of follow-up. In galileo, the mean best corrected visual acuity at 76 weeks were 13.7 and 6.6 in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with intravitreal afliberceptin achieves better results than when treatment is delayed by 6 months or 1 year. The visual benefits obtained with the drug are affected by the reduction in the frequency of monitoring during follow-up


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/metabolismo , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/patologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Dosagem/métodos , Farmacocinética , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/complicações , Oclusão da Veia Retiniana/diagnóstico , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Efeito Placebo
8.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 11(1): 3-8, ene.-feb. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132355

RESUMO

Objetivos. Describir la estrategia terapéutica óptima de uso de metotrexato en AR sobre dosis inicial, vía de administración, incremento y disminución de dosis, seguimiento del paciente y uso de ácido fólico/folínico. Material y método. Once expertos plantearon los interrogantes clínicos a resolver. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática. Los contenidos fueron seleccionados en una sesión de trabajo y el nivel de acuerdo se estableció posteriormente en una ronda de consenso vía correo. Resultados. La dosis de inicio de metotrexato no debe ser < 10 mg/semana, preferentemente por vía oral, considerando la vía parenteral como alternativa según el cumplimento, ineficacia o efectos secundarios gastrointestinales, polimedicación, obesidad (si requiere dosis > 20 mg/semana), preferencias del paciente, enfermedad muy activa o para evitar errores de medicación. Se cambiará a la vía parenteral cuando haya ineficacia, toxicidad gastrointestinal, incumplimiento o por coste-efectividad antes de pasar a fármacos más caros; y a la inversa, según preferencias del paciente, intolerancia a inyectables, reducción de dosis < 7,5 mg/semana, ineficacia, bajo cumplimiento o efectos adversos gastrointestinales. Se realizará escalada rápida de dosis si la respuesta es inadecuada hasta los 15-20 o, incluso, 25 mg/semana en unas 8 semanas, con incrementos de 2,5-5 mg. La reducción se realizará según la dosis a la que estuviera el paciente, con disminuciones de 2,5-5 mg cada 3-6 meses. El seguimiento del paciente deberá realizarse cada 1-1,5 meses hasta la estabilidad y luego cada 1-3 meses. Conclusiones. Este documento pretende resolver algunos interrogantes clínicos habituales y facilitar la toma de decisiones en la AR tratada con metotrexato (AU)


Objectives, To describe the optimal therapeutic strategy for use of methotrexate in RA patients over the initial dose, route of administration, dose increase and decrease, patient monitoring, and use of folic/folinic acid. Materials and methods. Eleven clinical experts proposed some questions to be solved. A systematic literature search was conducted. The contents were selected in a work session and subsequently validated via email to establish the level of agreement. Results. The initial dose of methotrexate should not be <10 mg/week, preferably orally, but the parenteral route is considered as an alternative due to compliance, non-effectiveness of treatment or gastrointestinal side effects, polypharmacy, obesity (if required doses are >20 mg/week), patient preference, very active disease or to avoid administration errors. Changing to a parenteral administration is proposed when the oral route is not effective enough, gastrointestinal toxicity appears, there is non-compliance or due to cost-effectiveness reasons before using more expensive drugs. On the contrary, due to patient preferences, intolerance to injections, dose reduction <7.5 mg/week, non-effectiveness of the route, poor compliance or gastrointestinal side effects. There should be a rapid dose escalation if inadequate responses occur up to 15–20 or even 25 mg/week in about 8 weeks, with increments of 2.5–5 mg. The reduction will be carried out according to the dose the patient had, with decreases of 2.5–5 mg every 3–6 months. Patient monitoring should be performed every 1–1.5 months until stability is reached and then for every 1–3 months. Conclusions. This document pretends to solve some common clinical questions and facilitate decision-making in RA patients treated with methotrexate (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Dosagem/métodos , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Alocação de Custos , Custos e Análise de Custo/métodos , Artrite Reumatoide/economia , Formas de Dosagem/normas
9.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 82(1): e39-e43, ene. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131666

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La identificación de variaciones en las intoxicaciones en diferentes regiones puede facilitar una prevención más eficaz. OBJETIVOS: Analizar el perfil de las intoxicaciones agudas pediátricas en diferentes regiones españolas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Registro prospectivo de las intoxicaciones registradas en 53 servicios de urgencias pediátricos incluidos en el Observatorio Toxicológico de la Sociedad Española deUrgencias de Pediatría entre 2008 y 2013. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 566 intoxicaciones en menores de 14 años, 458 (81,1%) por ingestas no voluntarias (mecanismo principal en todas las regiones). Las intoxicaciones por errores de dosificación fueron más habituales en Madrid (12,4% del total vs. 5% en el resto; p = 0,009); confin recreacional en la región Vasconavarra y Zaragoza (14,4 vs. 3,4% en el resto; p = 0,0008); porCO en Cataluña, Madrid y Otros (7,1 vs. 0,3%; p < 0,0001). CONCLUSIONES: Los perfiles de intoxicaciones agudas en menores de 14 años varían significativamente entre las diferentes regiones españolas


INTRODUCTION: The identification of variations in different profiles of pediatric poisonings may improve the prevention of these episodes. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the profile of pediatric acute poisonings in different regions of Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted, based on a prospective registry of the acute pediatric poisonings registered in 53 Spanish pediatric emergency departments included in the Toxicology Surveillance System of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies between 2008 and 2013. The regions were defined taking into account geographic factors, and the structuring of regional pediatric societies. RESULTS: A total of 566 poisoning were recorded in children less than 14 years. Poisonings due to dosage errors were more common in Madrid (12.4% of the whole group of poisonings vs 5.0% in the other regions, P = .009); recreational poisonings were more common in the Basque-Navarre region and Zaragoza (14.4% vs 3.4% in the others, P = .0008); and CO poisoning in Catalonia, Madrid and others (7.1% vs 0.3%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The profiles of acute poisonings in children less than 14 years vary significantly between the different Spanish regions. An epidemiological Surveillance System is a good tool to collect information in order to design preventive actions


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Intoxicação/complicações , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Pediatria/educação , Pediatria/métodos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Intoxicação/metabolismo , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Pediatria/normas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Emergências/enfermagem , Espanha/etnologia
10.
Pharm. care Esp ; 17(6): 725-731, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-147028

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de llenado de las recetas médicas en los establecimientos públicos de salud del distrito de Independencia, departamento de Lima como barrera para brindar atención farmacéutica a los pacientes. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño transversal, se emplearon recetas atendidas en las farmacias ambulatorias de todos los establecimientos de salud del distrito de Independencia (11). En el mes de noviembre 2013 se seleccionaron aleatoriamente, de cada uno de los 11 establecimientos, 384 recetas atendidas en el mes de octubre de 2013. Resultados: Se tomó de modo aleatorizado 384 recetas de cada uno de los 11 establecimientos de salud, haciendo un total de 4224 recetas. El 24% de recetas consignaban el dato del peso del paciente (IC: 22,76%-25,30%); el 34,2% mencionaba el diagnóstico (IC: 32,80%-35,62%); el 93,7% tenían descrito los medicamentos expresados en DCI (IC: 93,00-94,41%). Asimismo, solo el 11,3% consignaban la vía de administración (IC: 10,40%-12,28%) y el 41,4% señalaban la frecuencia (IC: 39,94%- 42,88%). La duración del tratamiento estuvo ausente en 32% de las recetas evaluadas (IC: 66,62%-69,41%) y solo el 5,7% tuvieron la fecha de vencimiento (IC: 5,00%-6,41%). Estos errores son barreras para la atención farmacéutica ya que dificulta la detección de problemas relacionados con medicamentos y asimismo limita la información que se pueda brindar al paciente sobre el uso de sus medicamentos. Conclusión: Se necesita de estrategias innovadoras para mejorar la prescripción de modo que no sea una barrera para poder detectar, resolver y prevenir la aparición de problemas relacionados a los medicamentos


Objectives: to evaluate the quality of prescriptions' filling in Independencia’s District public health facilities in the department of Lima as a barrier to provide pharmaceutical care to patients. Materials and methods: It was carried out a cross-sectional study with prescriptions from the outpatients pharmacies of all the Independencia’s District health facilities (11). During the month of November 2013, 384 prescriptions that have been assisted in October were randomly selected of each of the health facilities. Results: 384 prescriptions were randomly selected of each of the 11 health facilities which represented a whole of 4224 prescriptions. 24% of the prescriptions recorded the patient’s weight (IC: 22,76%-25,30%); 34,2% included the diagnosis (IC: 32,80%- 35,62%); 93,7% included drugs expressed in INN (IC: 93,00-94,41%). Furthermore, only 11,3 mentioned the route of administration (IC: 10,40%-12,28%) and 41,4 pointed out the frequency (IC: 39,94%-42,88%). The length of treatment was missing in 32% of the evaluated prescriptions (IC: 66,62%-69,41%) and only 5,7 included the expiration date (IC: 5,00%-6,41%). These errors are barriers for the pharmaceutical care due to the fact that they make difficult the detection of problems related to drugs; on the other hand, they limit the information that can be given to a patient about the use of his/her drugs. Conclusion: Innovative strategies are needed in order to improve prescriptions so that they are not a barrier any more for the detection, solution and prevention of problems related to drugs


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prescrição Inadequada/ética , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/ética , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/organização & administração , Peru/etnologia , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública , Assistência ao Paciente/ética , Assistência ao Paciente/métodos , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/administração & dosagem , Dosagem/classificação , Prescrição Inadequada/enfermagem , Sociedades Farmacêuticas/classificação , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/normas , Assistência ao Paciente/economia , Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Abreviaturas como Assunto , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/análise , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/classificação , Dosagem/prevenção & controle
11.
Rev. fitoter ; 13(2): 125-135, jul.-dic. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132784

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar la seguridad y la eficacia de un extracto de Echinacea purpurea en la prevención del resfriado común en una amplia población durante un período de 4 meses. Método: 755 sujetos sanos recibieron un extracto etanólico de E. purpurea(95% parte aérea florida y 5% de raíz) fresca o placebo. A los participantes se les solicitó registrar en un diario los acontecimientos adversos y evaluar los síntomas relacionados con el resfriado, durante todo el período del estudio. Se tomaron muestras de las secreciones nasales de los participantes que padecieron resfriados agudos y fueron examinadas en busca de virus. Resultados: Ocurrieron un total de 293 acontecimientos adversos en el grupo al que se le asignó la equinácea y 306 en el grupo placebo. El 9% de los participantes experimentó acontecimientos adversos, que se consideraron al menos posiblemente, relacionados con el extracto (reacciones adversas), frente al 10% en el grupo placebo. Por lo tanto, la seguridad de la equinácea no fue inferior a la del placebo. La equinácea redujo el número total de episodios de resfriados, los días acumulados de resfriado y los episodios comedicados con analgésicos y antiinflamatorios. Asimismo inhibió los resfriados virales confirmados por deteccion del virus y previno especialmente las infecciones de los virus con membrana (p<0,05) La equinácea demostró mayor eficacia en las infecciones recurrentes y los efectos preventivos aumentaron cuando se cumplió estrictamente con el tratamiento y con el protocolo. Conclusión: La toma profiláctica de E. purpurea durante un período de 4 meses proporcionó una relación beneficio/riesgo positiva (AU)


Objective: To investigate the safety (risk) and efficacy (benefit) of Echinacea purpurea extract in the prevention of common cold episodes in a large population over a 4-month period. Methods: 755 healthy subjects were allocated to receive either an alcohol extract from freshly harvested E. purpurea (95% herba and 5% root) or placebo. Participants were required to record adverse events and to rate cold-related issues in a diary throughout the investigation period. Nasal secretions were sampled at acute colds and screened for viruses. Results: A total of 293 adverse events occurred with Echinacea and 306 with placebo treatment. Nine and 10% of participants experienced adverse events, which were at least possibly related to the study drug (adverse drug reactions).Thus, the safety of Echinacea was noninferior to placebo. Echinacea reduced the total number of cold episodes, cumulated episode days within the group, and pain-killer medicated episodes. Echinacea inhibited virally confirmed colds and especially prevented enveloped virus infections (p < 0.05). Echinacea showed maximal effects on recurrent infections, and preventive effects increased with therapy compliance and adherence to the protocol. Conclusions: Compliant prophylactic intake of E. purpurea over a 4-month period appeared to provide a positive risk to benefit ratio (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Echinacea/normas , Echinacea/uso terapêutico , Resfriado Comum/prevenção & controle , Resfriado Comum/terapia , Dosagem/métodos , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Echinacea/administração & dosagem , Echinacea/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Placebos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Medição de Risco , Declaração de Helsinki
12.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(supl.1): 65-72, jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138687

RESUMO

Aunque infrecuentes, las reacciones de toxicidad general a los anestésicos locales pueden ser muy graves, y resultar en daño irreversible o muerte del paciente. Por ello se requiere un protocolo de actuación que siga unas líneas claras para el diagnóstico y tratamiento rápidos, que son fundamentales para la recuperación completa del paciente. Se revisa la fisiopatología de la toxicidad por anestésicos locales, así como las posibilidades de prevención y el tratamiento una vez instaurada. Aunque hay pocos aspectos que se puedan basar en la evidencia, se recogen las medidas recomendadas haciendo especial hincapié en la reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada, el tratamiento farmacológico y el empleo precoz de las emulsiones lipídicas (AU)


Although uncommon, systemic toxic reactions to locally administered anesthetics may be serious and cause irreversible damage or death. Consequently, a protocol providing clear steps for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of these reactions is essential to complete patient recovery. The physiopathology of toxic reactions to local anesthetics is reviewed and prevention and treatment options are discussed. Although there is a scarcity of evidence, recommended measures are discussed with special emphasis on advanced life support, drug treatment and the early use of lipid emulsions (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Anestésicos Locais/toxicidade , Toxicidade/prevenção & controle , Emulsões/uso terapêutico , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Anestésicos Locais/normas , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Testes de Toxicidade/normas , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/tendências , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar
13.
Pharm. care Esp ; 13(1): 30-37, ene.-feb. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108639

RESUMO

A finales del año 2010, estaba finalizando el plazo que el Gobierno de España se había marcado para conseguir adecuar las cantidades (dosis) de medicamentos dispensadas al paciente a las prescripciones que éstos habían recibido y así implantar lo que correctamente debería denominarse sistemas de dosis unitarias para dispensación. Así, han surgido algunas opiniones, incluso sorprendentemente desde el ámbito farmacéutico, contrarias a una práctica bastante extendida como es el uso de los conocidos como sistemas personalizados de dosificación (SPD), que el farmacéutico realiza después del acto de la dispensación y con la autorización expresa del paciente. Para nosotros, el uso de los SPD supone para los farmacéuticos una muy limitada inversión económica en material y utillaje, una pequeña aunque necesaria formación y acreditación, y un considerable incremento en la adquisición de responsabilidad y recuperación de prestigio social; esto último derivado de que suponen unas ventajas indiscutibles para los pacientes y los propios Sistemas de Salud. Consecuentemente, aportamos nuestras experiencias positivas al haber demostrado científicamente la hermeticidad de un sistema SPD (Anota®) y la estabilidad química de omeprazol (genérico en cápsulas, 20 mg) y enalapril (genérico en comprimidos, 20 mg), ambos de Laboratorios Mylan, durante un tiempo muy superior a previsto para el uso del SPD (AU)


At the end of the year 2010, the deadline that the Government of Spain had given to be able to adequate the amounts of (doses) of medicines were finishing. Dispensed to the patient to the prescriptions that had been received and so successfully implement what should be called the Unit Dose Systems for dispensing. Like that, there have been some opinions, even with surprise from the pharmaceutical field, contrary to a fairly widespread practice as the use of so-called Personalized Dosification Systems (PDS), which the pharmacist made after the act of dispensing with the express consent of the patient. For us, the use of PDS means a very limited economic investment in equipment and tools for the pharmacists, a small but necessary training and accreditation, and a considerable increase in the acquisition of liability and recovery of social prestige; the latter derived from PDS represent clear benefits for patients and health system. Consequently, we provide our positive experiences having shown scientifically the air tightness of a PDS system (Anota®) and the chemical stability of omeprazole (Generic capsules, 20 mg) and enalapril (Generic tablets, 20 mg), both of Mylan Laboratories, for a while much higher than expected for the use of PDS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Formas de Dosagem/normas , Dosagem/legislação & jurisprudência , Dosagem/métodos , Assistência Farmacêutica , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Enalapril/uso terapêutico , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Dosagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Sistemas de Saúde/organização & administração
14.
In. Gómez Portier, Beatriz C. Temas de anestesia pediátrica. La Habana, ECimed, 2007. .
Monografia em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-57362
15.
Appl. cancer res ; 25(2): 75-81, Apr.-June 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-442301

RESUMO

Uterine sarcoma (US) is a relative rare tumor, whichaccounts for only about 3-5% of all uterine cancers.Aggressive cytoreductive surgery at the time of the initialdiagnosis with maximum tumor debulking may lead toa prolonged survival or cure. OBJECTIVE: to identifyand review the role of adjuvante external beam radiationtherapy (EBRT) associated with high dose ratebrachytherapy (HDRB) in the management of patientspresenting US with complete resection. MATERIAL ANDMETHODS: this study is a retrospective analysis of 23patients with US treated from 10/92 to 03/03, withsurgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) andhigh dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB). The inclusioncriteria for study participation included: histologicallyproven and graded US, completely resection of tumor,Karnofsky status 60–100, absence of significant infection,and recovery from recent surgery. RESULTS: The medianage of patients was 62 years (range 39-84); ten-yearactuarial disease-free and overall survivals were 42.2%and 63.4%, respectively. On univariate analysis,predictive factors for disease-free survival (DFS) wereage at initial presentation (p=0.0268), parity (p= 0.0441),tumor grade (p= 0.0095), cervical or vaginal invasion(p=0.0014) and node dissection at time of surgery (p=0.0471). On multivariate analysis, the only predictivefactor was cervical or vaginal invasion (p= 0.048), hazardratio of 4.7. CONCLUSION: it is quite likely that neitherradiotherapy nor chemotherapy alone will appreciablyimprove survival in US. If radiation therapy providesbetter locoregional tumor control, hematogenousmetastases will assume an even greater proportion oftreatment failures. Unfortunately, our small andheterogeneous group analyzed precludes any definitiveconclusions about the impact of HDRB associated to EBRTradiation therapy on recurrence or survival.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Braquiterapia , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Radioterapia , Neoplasias Uterinas , Dosagem/métodos , Dosagem/prevenção & controle , Sarcoma
16.
In. Morejón García, Moisés; Salup Díaz, Rosa Regla; Cué Brugueras, Manuel. Actualización en antimicrobianos sistemáticos. La Habana, Ecimed, 2005. .
Monografia em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-39769
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...