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2.
Acta Trop ; 127(2): 143-51, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23632258

RESUMO

Cystic echinococcosis is endemic in the Rio Negro province of Argentina. After 30 years of control using praziquantel in dogs the transmission rate to humans and sheep has decreased significantly, however transmission persists. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the inclusion of the EG95 vaccine for sheep in the control programme, including analysis of the vaccine's operative feasibility in field conditions. The vaccine was applied in an area comprising four communities of native people including 79 farms with 3146 lambs and 311 dogs in total. Seventy one farms were designated as control areas where no vaccinations were undertaken while vaccinations of lambs undertaken on 91 farms. Lambs received two vaccinations with the EG95 vaccine followed by a single booster injection when the animals were 1-1.5 years of age. Farm locations were defined using GPS coordinates for the houses. Evidence for Echinococcus granulosus transmission was monitored by coproantigen ELISA on samples of dog faeces, by E. granulosus-specific PCR using soil samples, and anti-E. granulosus antibody assessments in sera from 2 to 4 teeth lambs, purgation of dogs to detect E. granulosus worms and necropsy on adult sheep. Before the vaccine was introduced, 26.2% of sheep with 2-4 teeth were positive using ELISA/WB, the prevalence decreased to 7.8% at the third year following use of the vaccine. Necropsy of animals older than 6 years (not vaccinated) showed that 66.1% of animals were infected with E. granulosus. In dogs, 4% was found positive for E. granulosus using arecoline purgation and 24.7% of the farms were infected using coproELISA/WB. During the first year of vaccination 2721 lambs received the first vaccine dose and 2448 received a booster. In the second year 2138 lambs were initially vaccinated and 1745 received a booster, and 1308 animals received the third dose. During the third year 1110 lambs received the first dose from which 539 received a booster and 723 animals received the third dose. An analysis of advantages and limitations of the diagnostic techniques used and the ability of the geospatial analysis to detect risk area are included. Based in the immunodiagnostic techniques, the EG95 vaccine has been able to prevent the infection in animals up to 3 years old. Also, the difficulties in the field for the correct vaccine administration and the social features and habits that may impact on echinococcosis control are included in the analysis.


Assuntos
Equinococose Hepática/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinas/imunologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Cães , Equinococose Hepática/epidemiologia , Equinococose Hepática/parasitologia , Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia
3.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 51(2): 159-166, dez. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630463

RESUMO

La infección por Echinococcus sp. es hipoendémica en Venezuela. Sólo cuatro casos de hidatidosis autóctona por E. vogeli han sido reportados, tres de ellos en la región de la Guayana venezolana. En Febrero del año 2009 se realizó el diagnóstico clínico-sero-epidemiológico de hidatidosis poliquística en una paciente femenina de la etnia Yanomami, procedente de Parima B, Alto Orinoco, en la Amazonía venezolana. Se resolvió con tratamiento médico y quirúrgico por laparoscopia y se evidenció en el quiste la presencia de ganchos rostelares compatibles con E. vogeli. En Abril del 2009 en una segunda paciente Yanomami de igual procedencia, se le diagnosticó hidatidosis por E. vogeli siendo operada exitosamente por cirugía laparoscópica asistida por robot. Dos casos humanos en una misma población y la presencia de factores de riesgo como la tenencia de perros domésticos y la comunicación por informantes indígenas del hallazgo de quistes en hígados de animales de cacería (Cuniculus paca o lapa y Dasyprocta sp. o picure), hacen pensar en transmisión activa en la cuenca del Alto Orinoco y en zonas selváticas de la Guayana venezolana. El presente, es el primer registro de casos de hidatidosis poliquística en indígenas de la etnia Yanomami.


Infection by Echinococcus sp. is hypoendemic in Venezuela. Only four cases of autochthonous E. vogeli hydatidosis have been reported, including three in the Venezuelan region of Guayana. In February 2009, based on epidemiological data, signs and symptoms and serological tests, a female patient of the Yanomami ethnic group, was diagnosed with a polycystic hydatid disease in Parima B, Alto Orinoco, in the Venezuelan Amazon. Rostellar hooks compatible with E. vogeli were found in the cyst. It was resolved with medical and surgical treatment by laparoscopy. A second Yanomami patient from the same location was diagnosed with E. vogeli hydatidosis in April 2009, being successfully operated with robot-assisted laparoscopy. Two human cases in the same population and the presence of risk factors such as domestic dog ownership and findings of cysts in livers of hunted animals (such as Cuniculus and Dasyprocta sp.) reported by indigenous informants, suggest active transmission in the Upper Orinoco basin and forested areas of the Venezuelan Guayana. These are the first reported cases of polycystic hydatid disease of the Yanomami ethnic group.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Equinococose Hepática/epidemiologia , Equinococose Hepática/etnologia , Equinococose Hepática/parasitologia , Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/etnologia , Equinococose/parasitologia , Equinococose/transmissão , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/etnologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/prevenção & controle , Venezuela
4.
Trop Med Int Health ; 15(12): 1533-6, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21188767

RESUMO

Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a common cause of lung and liver disease worldwide. Despite Peru being highly endemic, information about the level of knowledge is scarce and poor. A telephone survey was applied to assess the knowledge in the caregivers of patients treated for CHD at a paediatric hospital at Lima, Peru. Of the 26 contacted families, only 5 (20%) answered correctly all seven questions. A higher education degree was associated with correct answers (P = 0.002). Most respondents (17, 65%) incorrectly identified the etiologic agent and mode of transmission. Lact of knowledge is likely a major contributor to maintain the endemicity of disease in Peru.


Assuntos
Cuidadores , Equinococose Hepática , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Análise de Variância , Animais , Criança , Equinococose Hepática/complicações , Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Equinococose Hepática/terapia , Equinococose Hepática/transmissão , Equinococose Pulmonar/complicações , Equinococose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Equinococose Pulmonar/terapia , Equinococose Pulmonar/transmissão , Echinococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Masculino , Peru , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 58(5): 599-605, 1998 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9598448

RESUMO

Sonographic evidence of asymptomatic Echinococcus granulosus lesions in the liver was found in 156 of 9,515 persons in the Department of Florida, Uruguay. The sensitivity of ELISA and latex agglutination serology compared with ultrasound was 47.6% and 28.1%, respectively, and specificity was > 85%. There was a significant positive association between positive sonography and a personal history of previous but treated Echinococcus infection while those that were seropositive but ultrasound-negative were significantly more likely to have a personal history of infection or a history of infection in their family. Prevalence of infection increased significantly with age. There was no correlation between echinococcosis and dog ownership or home slaughter of sheep but offal disposal was important, with an increased prevalence of infection of 3.2%, 2.8%, and 3.1%, respectively, in persons feeding offal to dogs or burying or burning it compared with a prevalence of 0.8-1.5% in those using other methods of disposal. Almost half the population, when questioned, seemed to have sound knowledge about E. granulosus and described correct treatment of E. granulosus in dogs but this did not affect prevalence. There was a significant positive association between infection and the presence of a fenced fruit/vegetable garden and use of rural waters, particularly the cachimba (a small dam) and the aljibe (a cistern or tank) that collect rainwater from the ground surface and roofs, respectively.


Assuntos
Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cães , Equinococose Hepática/epidemiologia , Equinococose Hepática/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Uruguai/epidemiologia
6.
Acta Trop ; 64(1-2): 109-22, 1997 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9095292

RESUMO

Ultrasonography (USG) has recently contributed much to the diagnostic of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE). The use of portable ultrasonograph allowed us to perform a community survey among 9482 people living in a high risk area for CE in the Florida Department (Uruguay). Positive USG results were found in 123 asymptomatic patients. 48 out of 51 USG positive cases were surgically confirmed and 3 were found to be false positive. The results of this survey allowed us to propose a new classification of the echographic imaging based on the parasite's various evolutive and involutive stages. The Echinococcus granulosus cyst size was compared with the parasite's evolutive stages. The cyst's segmentary topography and the related risk of CE is evaluated. The importance of cystic-biliary communication is pointed out and its rational surgical treatment described. Finally, an algorithm is presented facilitating the choice of a rational treatment.


Assuntos
Cistos/cirurgia , Equinococose Hepática/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Sistema Biliar/parasitologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos/prevenção & controle , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/instrumentação
8.
J Clin Ultrasound ; 16(4): 233-7, 1988 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3152510

RESUMO

This study presents new evidence as to the usefulness of ultrasound scanning in field conditions, to screen out hydatidosis in endemic areas, and to compare its detection capability with serological methods. It also intends to demonstrate that for an efficient rural ultrasound screening, neither an experienced ultra sonographer nor expensive and sophisticated equipment is necessary, it can be done by suitably trained personnel (eg, nurse, public health worker), using basic equipment, without public health installations or electricity, thus making it a feasible, simple, fast, and cheap screening method for hydatidosis.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Saúde da População Rural , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Argentina , Erros de Diagnóstico , Equinococose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Humanos
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