Aspectos hematológicos de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Canindé criados no Rio Grande do Norte / Hematological aspects of Canindé goats (Capra hircus) raised in Rio Grande do Norte

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o perfil hematológico de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Canindé, criados no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, como também a busca de valores de referência que se adequem à nossa região. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 58 animais clinicamente sadios, distribuídos em 4 grupos (machos acima de 5 meses, fêmeas gestantes, fêmeas não gestantes e filhotes até 4 meses de idade). A partir de única amostra de sangue de cada animal foram realizados o eritrograma (contagem de hemácias, hematócrito, hemoglobina, volume corpuscular médio e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média) e o leucograma (contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos). Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio do teste de Tukey para variáveis paramétricas e Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de Dunn para não paramétricos em nível de significância de (p<0.05). Os resultados apontam para existência de maiores quantidades de He nos machos adultos e fêmeas não gestantes, diferente do que ocorre com o VCM; já com relação ao leucograma temos que os eosinófilos mostram-se mais elevados nas fêmeas adultas e os monócitos se elevam quando na presença da gestação. Os valores deste trabalho podem servir de referência para raça Canindé, tornando possível futuras interpretações para os parâmetros verificados, além de subsidiar novos estudos em animais hígidos ou doentes. Mostra a necessidade de pesquisas que evidenciem as condições semiáridas de manejo e alimentação, bem como a avaliação dos fatores de variação, sobre constituintes do sangue, que levem em conta o sexo, a idade e estado fisiológico dos animais.(AU)

The objective of this paper was to study the hematological profile of Canindé breed goats (Capra hircus) raised in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the acquirement of reference values appropriate to our region. Blood samples were collected from 58 clinically healthy animals, distributed in 4 groups (males, over 5-month-old, pregnant and not pregnant females and young goats, up to 4 months of age). From a single blood sample from each animal, it was possible to perform the red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and the white blood cell (WBC) count and differential). The obtained data was statically evaluated by the Tukey test for parametric variables and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test for nonparametric-level significance (p<0.05). The results of this study can be used as a reference for this breed of goats, making future interpretations possible from the evaluated parameters, and can support further studies in healthy or diseased animals. It shows the need for further research that demonstrates the semiarid conditions of handling and feeding, as well as assessment of variation factors on the constituents of blood taking into account sex, age and the physiological state of animals.(AU)

Hematological and immunological effects of stress of air traffic controllers in northeastern Brazil

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that stress and emotional reactions can affect immune responses in animals and humans. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological and immunological effects of stress on air traffic controllers. METHODS: Thirty air traffic controllers and 15 aeronautical information service operators were evaluated. The groups were divided as information service operators with 10 years or more of experience (AIS>10) and with less than 10 years in the profession (AIS<10) and air traffic controllers with 10 years or more of experience (ATCo>10) and with less than 10 years in the profession (ATCo<10). Blood samples were drawn at 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. The paired t-test was used to compare monocyte and nitric oxide concentrations and ANOVA was used for the other parameters. RESULTS: The ATCo>10 group presented a significantly lower phagocytosis rate of monocytes at 2:00 p.m. compared to 8:00 a.m. Moreover, the ATCo>10 group presented lower hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelet and leukocyte levels, and increased cortisol concentrations at 8:00 a.m. compared to the other groups. Additionally, this group had lower phagocytosis rate of monocytes, and hemoglobin, platelet, leukocyte, basophils and nitric oxide levels at 2:00 p.m. compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Stress seems to greatly affect immune responses of air traffic controllers with more than ten years of experience.

Variaciones hematológicas en pacientes con malaria causada por Plasmodium vivax antes, durante y después del tratamiento / Hematologic variations in patient with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax before, during and after treatment

Para determinar la relación entre parámetros hematológicos, parasitemia y episodios maláricos, se evaluaron 59 individuos de ambos sexos, infectados con Plasmodium vivax y 30 controles del estado Sucre. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre por punción venosa y del lóbulo de la oreja el día del diagnóstico, a los 8 y 30 días postdiagnosis. Se realizó hematología completa, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR) y grado de parasitemia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo para la hemoglobina, eritrocitos y hematocrito (p < 0,01 en los tres análisis). Estos valores en los hombres disminuyeron para el día 8 del tratamiento con respecto al día 0 (p < 0,001; p = 0,006 y p = 0,025, respectivamente). En las mujeres, se observaron diferencias sólo entre los controles y los pacientes a las fechas de muestreo para hemoglobina y hematocrito (p < 0,001). El número promedio de los leucocitos para el día diagnóstico se ubicó dentro de los parámetros de referencia, pero significativamente por debajo (p < 0,001) de los del grupo control y de los obtenidos para durante y después del tratamiento. Los valores de eosinófilos se observaron por encima de los parámetros normales en los controles y los pacientes durante y después del tratamiento. Se observó trombocitopenia el día diagnóstico, pero a la semana del tratamiento los valores aumentaron significativamente (p < 0,001). La correlación de los parámetros evaluados con la parasitemia demostró una relación negativa con las plaquetas, y una positiva con la diferencia de plaquetas entre el día diagnóstico y día 8 de tratamiento (p = 0,014). Esta diferencia fue el único parámetro que se correlacionó con los episodios maláricos (p = 0,040). La trombocitopenia demostró ser un indicador de malaria aguda.

In order to determine the relationship between hematological parameters, parasitaemia and malaria episodes, we evaluated 59 individuals of both sexes, infected with Plasmodium vivax and 30 controls from Sucre state. Blood samples were obtained by venous puncture and from the earlobe at day of diagnosis, 8 and 30 days post-diagnosis. We carried out hematological analysis, microscopic and molecular (PCR) diagnosis and the parasitaemia was calculated. There were significant differences by sex for hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit (p < 0,01 in all three analysis). These values in males, decreased by day 8 with respect to day 0 (p < 0,001; p = 0,006 y p = 0,025, respectively). In females, significant differences were only seen in hemoglobin and hematocrit between controls and patients (p < 0,001). The average number of leucocytes at the day of diagnosis was within the reference values, but slightly lower compared to the controls and the samples during and after the treatment. The average proportion of eosinophils was higher than normal for both, controls and patients, during and after the treatment. Thrombocytopenia was observed at diagnosis, but a week after, the values increased significantly (p < 0,001). There was an inverse relationship between parasitaemia and platelet count and a direct relationship between the first and hemoglobin at day 0, as well as with the difference in platelet counts between day 0 and day 8 (p = 0,044 y p = 0,014, respectively). This difference was the only parameter related to the number of malaria episodes (p = 0,040). Thrombocytopenia showed to be an indicator of acute malaria.

[Exploration of quality control of inorganic elements in Chinese herbal medicines for stimulating blood circulation and relaxing muscles and joints by atomic absorption spectrophotometry].

Researches have shown the close relationships between inorganic elements and curative efficiencies of various Chinese herbal medicines. Yet, in studies of chemical composition and quality control of Chinese herbal medicines for stimulating blood circulation and relaxing muscles and joints, inorganic substances are often overlooked. In order to improve and reestablish the standard of quality control of Chinese herbal medicines, the authors attempted a method that would incorporate the composition of inorganic elements as part of the quality control. In the present study, the authors used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure the contents of fifteen inorganic elements, namely, Cu, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Mn, Zn, Na, Cr, Cd, and Hg, in several Chinese herbal medicines, including Da Huo Luo Wan. The authors then discussed the relationship between these inorganic elements and curative efficiencies of these Chinese herbal medicines. By comparing the levels of inorganic elements found in Da Huo Luo Wan with those found in other Chinese herbal medicines used in the study, it was revealed that trace elements, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, contribute to the curative efficiency of Da Huo Luo Wan. The authors' results showed that the amounts of trace elements Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn found in Chinese herbal medicine Da Huo Luo Wan are related to the following curative effects of Da Huo Luo Wan: relieving rheumatism, rectifying breathing and alleviating phlegm, stimulating blood circulation and relaxing muscles and joints. The measurement and analysis of inorganic elements in Da Huo Luo Wan will also provide evidences and references for the fingerprint establishment of Da Huo Luo Wan in the future.