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4.
Am J Med Genet A ; 173(4): 1017-1037, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28168833

RESUMO

Heritable predisposition is an important cause of cancer in children and adolescents. Although a large number of cancer predisposition genes and their associated syndromes and malignancies have already been described, it appears likely that there are more pediatric cancer patients in whom heritable cancer predisposition syndromes have yet to be recognized. In a consensus meeting in the beginning of 2016, we convened experts in Human Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to review the available data, to categorize the large amount of information, and to develop recommendations regarding when a cancer predisposition syndrome should be suspected in a young oncology patient. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric oncology and provides essential information on clinical situations in which a childhood cancer predisposition syndrome should be suspected.


Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Neoplasias Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Grupos Focais/métodos , Expressão Gênica , Aconselhamento Genético/ética , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Genética Médica/história , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Genética Médica/métodos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Sociedades Médicas/história , Síndrome
6.
Curr Mol Med ; 15(2): 168-75, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25732148

RESUMO

Imaging genetics is an integrated research method that uses neuroimaging and genetics to assess the impact of genetic variation on brain function and structure. Imaging genetics is both a tool for the discovery of risk genes for psychiatric disorders and a strategy for characterizing the neural systems affected by risk gene variants to elucidate quantitative and mechanistic aspects of brain function implicated in psychiatric disease. Early studies of imaging genetics included association analyses between brain morphology and single nucleotide polymorphisms whose function is well known, such as catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). GWAS of psychiatric disorders have identified genes with unknown functions, such as ZNF804A, and imaging genetics has been used to investigate clues of the biological function of these genes. The difficulty in replicating the findings of studies with small sample sizes has motivated the creation of largescale collaborative consortiums, such as ENIGMA, CHARGE and IMAGEN, to collect thousands of images. In a genome-wide association study, the ENIGMA consortium successfully identified common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume at 12q24, and the CHARGE consortium replicated this finding. The new era of imaging genetics has just begun, and the next challenge we face is the discovery of small effect size signals from large data sets obtained from genetics and neuroimaging. New methods and technologies for data reduction with appropriate statistical thresholds, such as polygenic analysis and parallel independent component analysis (ICA), are warranted. Future advances in imaging genetics will aid in the discovery of genes and provide mechanistic insight into psychiatric disorders.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Genética Médica/métodos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neuroimagem/métodos , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Bipolar/patologia , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/química , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/ultraestrutura , Comportamento Cooperativo , Expressão Gênica , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Genótipo , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Neuroimagem/instrumentação , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia
8.
Hum Mutat ; 35(8): 909-11, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24838402

RESUMO

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed a tremendous progress in the characterization of the molecular bases of genetic diseases and the last annual American Society of Human Genetics meeting has highlighted the implementation of whole exome sequencing in medical genetics. Several investigators suggest that it should be medically relevant for each individual to have the exome sequenced. These perspectives do not take into account the complexity of genetic variation interpretation and genetic determinism of human diseases: an important limiting step of targeted analyses of gene(s) involved in Mendelian diseases is already the interpretation of variants of unknown significance; most of the 20,000 single nucleotide variations present in each exome, even those having a very low allelic frequency, are not deleterious; the genetic determinism of the majority of human diseases involves either a combination of numerous genetic variations, each conferring a slightly increased risk, or rare genetic variations with a strong effect, but the demonstration of their involvement in diseases is particularly challenging. The challenge for the next generation of medical geneticists will be to integrate the technological power of NGS technologies, the complexity of genome interpretation, the importance of phenotyping before genotyping, and the guidelines of medical genetics raised in the pre-NGS era.


Assuntos
Exoma , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genética Médica/métodos , Genoma Humano , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Frequência do Gene , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Genótipo , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Fenótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNA
10.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 10(1): 19-20, mar. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-585494

RESUMO

A menudo se atribuye a Conrad Waddington (1905-1975) la acuñación del término epigenética en el año 1942 como la rama de la biología que estudia las interacciones causales entre los genes y sus productos que dan lugar al fenotipo. El campo de la epigenética intenta determinar cómo afectan a la función genómica, los mecanismos que regulan la manera en que los genes son procesados. Los factores epigenéticos incluyen tanto patrones espaciales, como la organización del ADN alrededor de las proteínas histónicas (cromatina), como la marcación bioquímica...


Assuntos
Sequência de Bases , Genômica , Genes/genética , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Genética Médica/métodos , Genética Médica/tendências
11.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 10(1): 19-20, mar. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-125836

RESUMO

A menudo se atribuye a Conrad Waddington (1905-1975) la acuñación del término epigenética en el año 1942 como la rama de la biología que estudia las interacciones causales entre los genes y sus productos que dan lugar al fenotipo. El campo de la epigenética intenta determinar cómo afectan a la función genómica, los mecanismos que regulan la manera en que los genes son procesados. Los factores epigenéticos incluyen tanto patrones espaciales, como la organización del ADN alrededor de las proteínas histónicas (cromatina), como la marcación bioquímica...(AU)


Assuntos
Genes/genética , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Genética Médica/métodos , Genética Médica/tendências , Sequência de Bases , Genômica
13.
Nurs Health Sci ; 9(1): 54-60, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17300546

RESUMO

The purpose of this article is to describe proteomics, to discuss the importance of proteomics, to review different methods for protein measurement, and to illustrate how knowledge of proteomics might improve patient care. Among common laboratory determinations are those involving enzymatic (protein) function. Although the presence or activity of proteins may be seen clinically as incidental, proteins represent the engines through which critical life processes ensue. A selected review of the literature is presented to define and explain proteomics and to review the various techniques to measure proteins. A case-study approach is used to illustrate how proteomics can be utilized for detecting and monitoring disease. The human genome has been completely sequenced and proteomics has emerged as a way to unravel the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of diseases at the functional level. This review includes the recent discoveries regarding proteomics and its importance in the detection and treatment of disease.


Assuntos
Genética Médica/métodos , Genoma Humano/genética , Proteômica/métodos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Pesquisa em Genética , Genética Médica/instrumentação , Projeto Genoma Humano , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas , Pneumonia Bacteriana/complicações , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas , Proteômica/instrumentação , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de Proteína
14.
Sunderland; Sinauer Association; 4th ed; 2007. 652 p.
Monografia em Inglês | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-940985
16.
Sunderland; Sinauer Association; 4th ed; 2007. 652 p.
Monografia em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-760644
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