[Lipid peroxidation and enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in patients with bronchial asthma]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i fermenty antioksidantnoi sistemy u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

In 71 patient with bronchial asthma (BA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied together with the condition of the antioxidant system (AOS) as related to the degree of severity of the illness, with results evaluated of conventional therapy versus complex treatment involving the use of cytochrome C. Established in the above series was intensification of LPO in the presence of inhibition of activity of SOD enzymes and catalase, their degree dependent on severity of the condition. Unlike basic therapy, employment of cytochrome C has been found to be associated with a more complete restoration of balance in the LPO/AOS system, especially so in steroid-independent form of BA.

[Use of cytochrome C in the prevention of myocardial reperfusion injury during heart valve prosthesis implantation under conditions of extracorporeal circulation]. / Primenenie tsitokhroma C dlia profilaktiki reperfuzionnykh povrezhdenii miokarda pri protezirovanii klapanov serdtsa v usloviiakh iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Cytochrome C used at the postischemic period causes a rapid reestablishment of coronary circulation, hemodynamic parameters, prevents activation of lipid peroxidation in reoxygenation of the heart after prolonged total myocardial ischemia in patients with acute bacterial endocarditis in whom the prostheses of heart valves had been fulfilled. Parallel with the positive inotropic effect, Cytochrome C reduces the postloading and, as a result, transfers the cardiac muscle to a more profitable regimen. At the end of the myocardial ischemia period Cytochrome C provides rapid and effective recovery of the bioelectrical function of the heart, improves its pumping function, thus allowing the dose and duration of inotropic stimulation of the myocardium at the postischemic period to be reduced, lowers pulmonary resistance and finally leads to less postoperative intrahospital lethality from acute heart failure.

[The effect of cytochrome c on the myocardium during reperfusion]. / Vliianie tsitokhroma c na miokard vo vremia reperfuzii.

Experimental and clinical trials have shown high effectiveness of cytochrome c (0.5 mg/kg) in prevention of reperfusion myocardial disorders in cardiosurgical patients. Cytochrome c inhibits development of myocardial ischemic contracture, depression of coronary circulation, activation of lipid peroxidation. It reduces myocardial consumption of oxygen and promotes earlier restoration of fatty acids metabolism under lower glucose consumption by the heart muscle. By correction of myocardial metabolism, the drug suppresses fermentemia in early reperfusion.

[The subcellular pathophysiology of heart failure due to toxic-allergic myocarditis and the action of refracterin on intracardiac hemodynamics and the functional state of the 3 subcellular cardiomyocyte systems responsible for the act of contraction-relaxation]. / Subkletochnaia patofiziologiia nedostatochnosti serdtsa, obuslovennoi toksiko-allergicheskim miokarditom, i deistvie refrakterina na vnutriserdechnuiu gemodinamiku i funktsional'noe sostoianie trekh subkletochnykh sistem kardiomiotsita otvetstvennykh za akt sokrashchenie--rasslablenie.

It is shown that cardiotropic drug refracterin promotes recovery of cardiac contraction and relaxation, their coordination destroyed in cardiac failure (CF) caused by 10-day toxico-allergic myocarditis (TAM). Pumping capacity of the heart returns to normal after normalization of functional activity of three systems of cardiomyocyte responsible for contraction-relaxation: contractile proteins, energy supply and calcium transport. The key process is refracterin-related reestablishment of normal content and proportion of adenyl nucleotides and creatininephosphate and regulation role of phosphorylation and energy of metabolic processes in the cells and their interaction. Thus, refracterin effectiveness lies in its ability to interfere in intracellular metabolic processes in the myocardium, to reestablish normal homeostasis of the systems responsible for contraction-relaxation function and eventually to remove left ventricular cardiac dysfunction.

[Prevention of disorders of myocardial contractile function in patients with ischemic heart disease during aortocoronary shunting]. / Profilaktika narushenii sokratitel'noi funktsii miokarda u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa pri aortokoronarnom shuntirovanii.

The efficacy of pre-, intra-, and postoperative prevention of hemodynamic disorders by creatinine phosphate, cytochrome C, and glutamic acid was evaluated in 61 coronary patients with decreased myocardial contractility. All these agents exerted a positive inotropic effect in coronary patients with ejection fraction below 0.4, increasing the stroke volume and left-ventricular ejection fraction without modifying heart rate. Glutamic acid is not recommended for preoperative treatment, because it increases oxygen consumption by the myocardium above the reserve potential of the coronary bed. Cytochrome C is the most effective drug for preoperative treatment. Intraoperative preischemic protection of the myocardium by cytochrome C in coronary patients during high risk operations prevents the development of unfavorable hemodynamic complications during induction and maintenance of anesthesia before artificial circulation, provides favorable recovery of cardiac activity, decreases the incidence of severe arrhythmias, promotes a rapid and full-value recovery of myocardial contractile function after ischemia, and decreases the incidence of acute heart failure.

[Use of antihypoxants in the acute period of myocardial infarction]. / Primenenie antigipoksantov v ostrom periode infarkta miokarda.

A total of 620 patients with acute myocardial infarction were followed up in order to assess the efficacy of antihypoxants as a component of intensive care. 385 of these patients, divided into groups of 20-40 subjects, were administered one of 12 antihypoxants or sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation during the acute period of the disease, the rest were treated traditionally. Analysis of clinical, laboratory, and prognostic values showed the highest protective effect of amtizol, lithium hydroxybutyrate, piracetam, and ubiquinone. Cytochrome C, riboxine, mildronate, and olifen were somewhat less active, and solcoseryl, bemitil, trimethasidine, and aspisol were the least effective. The protective potentialities of standard sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation were virtually null. The author proposes a parameter D, reflecting the difference between actual and predicted mortality, and the rating (score) system for assessing the routine laboratory diagnostic tests to be used together with the known criteria for evaluation of the protective effects of antihypoxants in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

[Antihypoxants in emergency medicine]. / Antigipoksanty v neotlozhnoi meditsine.

Presents the results of many-year experimental studies, clinical trials, and medical use of drugs of a new pharmacological class: antihypoxants. Antihypoxants are perspective drugs of urgent medicine, which was demonstrated on various models (all types of hypoxia, myocardial, brain, renal, and liver ischemia, grave mechanical and thermal injuries, blood loss, etc.) and in patients with these states.

[The effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, cytochrome c and their combination on the size of the necrotic area in transient myocardial ischemia]. / Vliianie fruktozo-1,6-difosfata, tsitokhroma c i ikh kombinatsii na razmery zony nekroza pri tranzitornoi ishemii miokarda.

The effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (200 mg/kg), cytochrome C (20 mg/kg) and their combinations on the size of the zone of necrosis 4 and 72 h after 15-min transitory myocardial ischemia was studied. Combination of the compounds under study inhibited considerably the development of post-occlusion and reperfusion arrhythmias and reduced the size of necrosis 4 h after their administration as prophylactic and arresting measures (to 23.8 +/- 2.9 and 29.3 +/- 3.6% of the ischemic zone, respectively, in 42.8 +/- 3.8% in the control). A combined course of cytochrome C and fructose diphosphate also limited the size of the necrotic zone 72 h after transitory ischemia. Separate single administration of fructose diphosphate and cytochrome C caused no essential changes in the size of myocardial necrosis recorded 72 h after transitory myocardial ischemia.

[The effect of cytochrome c preparations on the autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow in ischemia]. / Vliianie preparatov tsitokhroma c na autoreguliatsiiu mozgovogo krovotoka v usloviiakh ishemii.

The effect of animal cytochrome C (Ca), biotechnological cytochrome (Cb) and its hemtetradecapeptide (HTDP) on cerebral blood flow autoregulation during rapid decrease of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) was studied in acute experiments on rats. Cytochrome C preparations caused no effect on the autoregulatory responses of the cerebral vessels in animals with normal cerebral circulation. Injection of 5 mg/kg Ca and Cb and 0.8 mg/kg HTDP promoted restoration of the phenomenon of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in ischemic brain damage in change of SAP from 120 to 60 mm Hg. Prophylactic injection of 20 mg/kg Ca and Cb and 3.3 mg/kg HTDP prevented cerebral blood flow autoregulation disturbance caused by transitory brain ischemia.

[The spectrum of the anti-ischemic activity of immobilized cytochrome c]. / Issledovanie spektra protivoishemicheskoi aktivnosti immobilizovannogo tsitokhroma c.

The antihypoxic, anti-ischemic and antianginal activity of biotechnological cytochrome c which had been immobilized on a dialdehydedextran and polyethyleneglycol carriers was studied in various experimental animals (mice, rats, rabbits). The immobilized cytochrome c exhibits higher antihypoxic and anti-ischemic activity on different models compared to cytochrome c.

[An experimental study on the treatment of fetal rabbits with intrauterine growth retardation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of histocyte activators and vasodilators on the amino acids concentration in fetal rabbits with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). METHODS: The rabbits with IUGR were caused by passive smoking and treated with histocyte activators (adenosine triphosphatase, coenzyme A, cytochrome C, and vasodilators (injectio salviac molfiorrhizae composita, anisodamine). The effects of different remedies on the fetal plasma amino acids' concentration and the fetal development (i.e. birth weight, the weights of fetal liver and fetal brain) were studied. RESULTS: Both histocyte activators and vasodilators had favorable effects on the improvement of fetal development and the increase of fetal plasma amino acids' concentration. But the action of histocyte activators was stronger than vasodilators. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that vasodilators could improve the uterine-placental flow, and histocyte activators could enhance placental transfer of amino acids. But histocyte activators seem to be better than vasodilators.

[The effect of succinate combined with cytochrome C on postischemic disorders in the skeletal muscle of the extremities]. / Vliianie suktsinata v sochetanii s tsitokhromom C na postishemicheskie rasstroistva v skeletnoi myshtse konechnosti.

A combination of succinic acid and cytochrome c was studied for effects on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in the extremities of rats with experimental arterial occlusion. The administration of the agents into the ischemic area allowed the stores of glycogen and ATP to be preserved, by lowering the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase fraction V in the skeletal muscle of rats with extremity ischemia. The intraperitoneal administration of the agents produced no positive metabolic effect.

[The effect of cytochrome c preparations on the cerebral circulation in cerebral ischemia]. / Vliianie preparatov tsitokhroma c na mozgovoe krovoobrashchenie pri ishemii mozga.

Biotechnological cytochrome c, heme-tetradecapeptide (HTDP) and animal cytochrome c were studied for their effects on intact and brain ischemic rats. In the latter case, the compounds were administered before ischemia induction and 15 min after artery ligation. It was found that the cytochrome c preparations did not virtually affect the cerebral circulation in intact rats. In cerebral ischemia, the cytochrome C preparations increased circulation, showing their more profound effects in case of preadministration of the drugs. The dose-independent effects of HTDP may be associated with the higher transmembranous permeability and the saturation phenomenon of this compound.

Bioactivation of free-fat transfers: a potential new approach to improving graft survival.

A new approach to free-fat autotransplantation resorption was evaluated experimentally in a rat animal model. Bioactive fat grafts were created by the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor delivered by dextran beads to the grafts and compared with free fat alone, free fat plus beads, and free fat plus beads and a control solution in the same animal. The grafts were assessed by weight and histology at 1 and 12 months postoperatively in 40 animals. A graded response in weight retention was observed at 1 and 12 months, with the growth factor-treated grafts exhibiting near complete weight maintenance after 1 year. All other bead-containing grafts had an intermediate response, with free fat alone averaging more than one-half graft weight loss after 1 year. Histologically, the bead-containing grafts had good fibroblastic ingrowth, but extensive intercellular collagen formation and the occurrence of small-sized adipocytes among the larger adipocytes were seen only in the growth factor-treated grafts. These findings indicate that graft manipulations that affect the preadipocyte cells of the graft or fibroblastic components of the recipient site, either through polypeptide stimulation or surface charge attraction, may offer a viable approach to postoperative fat-graft volume maintenance.

[Relationship of antioxidant and anti-ischemic effects of various energy-yielding compounds]. / Sootnoshenie antioksidantnogo i protivo-ishemicheskogo éffekt nekotorykh énergoobespechivaiushchikh sredstv.

Influence of fructose++-1,6-diphosphate, succinate, malate and cytochrome C on free lipid peroxidation (FLP), infarct sizes and metabolic acidosis was studied in experiments on rats. The good correlation between inhibition of FLP and cardioprotector activity was established for activators of glycolytic energy production only. Krebs' cycle metabolites limited the zone of myocardial necrosis after coronary occlusion without any significant depression of FLP. Succinate and malate were practically inactive under acute metabolic acidosis of isolated rat heart.