RESUMO
A 14-year-old intact female diabetic dog presented with seizures and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Radiographs revealed gas-filled tubular structures in the right and left caudal abdomen, raising concerns of emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal ileus. Ultrasonography played a pivotal role in confirming emphysematous pyometra, a technique previously documented only once in veterinary practice. This report also presents the first documented case of emphysematous pyometra in a diabetic dog attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and complicated by emphysematous hepatitis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Klebsiella , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Piometra , Animais , Cães , Infecções por Klebsiella/veterinária , Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Klebsiella/complicações , Feminino , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Piometra/veterinária , Piometra/complicações , Piometra/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema/veterinária , Enfisema/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatite Animal/complicações , Complicações do Diabetes/veterinária , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Clostridia can cause hepatic damage in domestic livestock, and wild and laboratory animals. Clostridium novyi type B causes infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) in sheep and less frequently in other species. Spores of C. novyi type B can be present in soil; after ingestion, they reach the liver via portal circulation where they persist in phagocytic cells. Following liver damage, frequently caused by migrating parasites, local anaerobic conditions allow germination of the clostridial spores and production of toxins. C. novyi type B alpha toxin causes necrotizing hepatitis and extensive edema, congestion, and hemorrhage in multiple organs. Clostridium haemolyticum causes bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) in cattle, sheep, and rarely, horses. Beta toxin is the main virulence factor of C. haemolyticum, causing hepatic necrosis and hemolysis. Clostridium piliforme, the causal agent of Tyzzer disease (TD), is the only gram-negative and obligate intracellular pathogenic clostridia. TD occurs in multiple species, but it is more frequent in foals, lagomorphs, and laboratory animals. The mode of transmission is fecal-oral, with ingestion of spores from a fecal-contaminated environment. In affected animals, C. piliforme proliferates in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in necrosis, and then disseminates to the liver and other organs. Virulence factors for this microorganism have not been identified, to date. Given the peracute or acute nature of clostridial hepatitis in animals, treatment is rarely effective. However, INH and BH can be prevented, and should be controlled by vaccination and control of liver flukes. To date, no vaccine is available to prevent TD.
Assuntos
Clostridiales/fisiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/fisiologia , Hemoglobinúria/veterinária , Hepatite Animal , Animais , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/prevenção & controle , Hemoglobinúria/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinúria/microbiologia , Hemoglobinúria/prevenção & controle , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/prevenção & controle , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/microbiologia , Necrose/prevenção & controle , Necrose/veterináriaRESUMO
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), a member of the Aviadenovirus genus of the Adenoviridae family, causes hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in chickens. It causes mortality of up to 80% in 3-6-week-old broilers, posing a substantial threat to the poultry industry. However, the specific host responses to the virus are not well understood. To better understand the interactions between the host and FAdV-4 and to explore the pathogenesis of this virus, a high-throughput RNA-seq technology was utilized with leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells at 12, 24, and 48â¯h after FAdV-4 infection. We identified a total of 7000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched in a variety of biological processes and pathways using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Several immune related pathways, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, were activated after the FAdV-4 infection. The transcriptional data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression profiles of 10 genes involved in FAdV-4-infected chicken livers, including TLR2A, TLR3, TLR5, MyD88, IL12B, IL15, IL18, CCL20, TNFRSF21, and CD30, were consistent with RNA-seq profiles. By transfecting small interfering RNA into LMH cells, our results confirmed that MyD88 mediated FAdV-4-induced inflammation. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use transcriptome analysis to investigate host responses to FAdV-4 infection. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of FAdV-4 pathogenesis and host-FAdV-4 interaction.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Aviadenovirus/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/citologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/microbiologia , Animais , Aviadenovirus/imunologia , Aviadenovirus/patogenicidade , Contagem de Células , Galinhas/virologia , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Pericárdio/microbiologia , Pericárdio/patologia , Filogenia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sorogrupo , Receptores Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cholangitis in dogs appears to be more common than previously thought, but understanding of the disease remains incomplete. OBJECTIVE: To describe a population of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis. ANIMALS: Fifty-four client-owned dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis. METHODS: Medical records of dogs with cholangitis or cholangiohepatitis confirmed by histopathology between January 2004 and December 2014 were identified using a computer-based search and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Clinical signs included vomiting (72.2%), lethargy (70.4%), and inappetence (64.8%). Most dogs (49/50) had increased liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia (32/50), and hypercholesterolemia (24/43). Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system were seen in 84% of cases. On histopathology, 53 of 54 affected dogs had neutrophilic cholangitis (NC) or cholangiohepatitis, whereas 1 dog had lymphocytic cholangitis. Most cases (42/54) were chronic. Evidence of concurrent biliary disease (46.2%) and biliary tract obstruction (42.6%) was common. Seventeen of 36 biliary and 11 of 25 liver cultures were positive for bacterial growth; Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were most common. Median patient survival was 671 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 114-1,426). On Cox regression, dogs that did not have a cholecystectomy performed had a 2.1 greater hazard for death (P = 0.037; 95% CI: 1.0-4.3) compared to cholecystectomized dogs. Dogs >13 years old had a 5.0 greater hazard for death (P = 0.001; 95% CI: 1.9-13.2) compared to younger dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic NC or cholangiohepatitis was most common. Cholecystitis and biliary tract obstruction often occurred in conjunction with cholangitis. Cholecystectomized dogs had decreased risk of death; thus, cholecystectomy may improve patient outcome.
Assuntos
Colangite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Animais , Colangite/diagnóstico , Colangite/microbiologia , Colangite/patologia , Colecistectomia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A 14-y-old bay Quarter Horse gelding was presented with progressive neurologic signs, elevated rectal temperature, and icterus for 3 d prior to death. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, large amounts of serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, widespread petechiae and ecchymoses in several organs, and a large, pale, and well-demarcated focus of necrosis in the liver. Histologically, there was coagulative necrosis surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells and large numbers of gram-positive rods, which were identified as Clostridium novyi by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples tested by PCR were positive for C. novyi type B flagellin and alpha toxin genes, but negative for Clostridium haemolyticum and other clostridia. Based on postmortem findings and ancillary tests, a definitive diagnosis of infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) was made. Mostly a disease of ruminants, also known as black disease, INH has rarely been reported in horses, and a definitive etiologic diagnosis has not been achieved previously; the etiology of all cases reported to date was identified as C. novyi but the type was not determined. Animals are predisposed to clostridial hepatitis when hepatic anaerobiosis is established. Such conditions allow germination and proliferation of bacterial spores, resulting in production and release of toxins. INH, caused by C. novyi type B, and bacillary hemoglobinuria, caused by C. haemolyticum, are mechanistically and pathologically almost indistinguishable. Because these 2 microorganisms are closely related, differentiation requires molecular tools.
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Animais , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hepatite Animal/sangue , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/sangue , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
This case report describes the detection of intrahepatic bacteria in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections from three dogs with neutrophilic, pyogranulomatous, or lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis. In each of these cases, eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled colocalization of intrahepatic bacteria with neutrophilic and granulomatous inflammation in samples that were negative for bacteria when evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin histopathology augmented with histochemical stains. Positive responses to antimicrobial therapy were observed in of 2 out of 2 patients that were treated with antimicrobials. These findings suggest that eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathological sections is more sensitive than conventional histochemical stains for the diagnosis of bacteria-associated canine hepatitis.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/instrumentação , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , InflamaçãoRESUMO
Severe icterus, peritoneal effusion, localized fibrinous peritonitis, and necrotizing hepatitis were found at necropsy of a 20-year-old female pony with a history of acute onset depression, inappetence, fever, and marked elevation in hepatic enzymes. Gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were compatible with a diagnosis of clostridial hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi-group bacteria. This is believed to be the first reported case of clostridial hepatitis in an equid in Canada, and only the third report of this rare disease in North America.
Hépatite nécrosante associée àClostridium novyichez un poney de l'Ouest canadien. Un ictère grave, une effusion péritonéale, une péritonite fibrineuse localisée et une hépatite nécrosante ont été constatées chez un poney femelle âgé de 20 ans avec une anamnèse d'apparition soudaine de dépression, d'inappétence, de fièvre et d'élévations marquées des enzymes hépatiques. La pathologie clinique, l'histopathologie et l'immunohistochimie étaient compatibles avec un diagnostic d'hépatite clostridiale causée par une bactérie du groupe Clostridium novyi. On croit qu'il s'agit du premier cas signalé d'hépatite clostridiale chez un équidé au Canada et seulement le troisième rapport de cette maladie rare en Amérique du Nord.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Animais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/epidemiologia , CavalosRESUMO
Helcococcus ovis is a slow-growing, pyridoxal-dependent, Gram-positive coccus belonging to the Peptostreptococcaceae family. Bacteria belonging to the genus Helcococcus are considered normal inhabitants of keratinized epithelium in humans; however, several reports support their role as pathogens in humans and several animal species. This case report describes the identification of H. ovis in a white leghorn rooster with valvular vegetative endocarditis and hepatitis. In February 2017 one dead, 7-yr-old, white leghorn rooster was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Turlock laboratory for diagnostic testing. Postmortem and microscopic examination revealed vegetative endocarditis and aortic thrombosis associated with large numbers of Gram-positive cocci. Myocarditis and extensive necrotic hepatitis were also noticed. Helcococcus ovis was isolated in large numbers from the aortic endothelium and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Bacterial colonies become evident 48 hr postincubation and exhibited a satellite growth around Escherichia coli on blood agar plates. A similar relationship has been described between Helcococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The primary site of infection in this chicken was not determined. To our understanding this is the first report of H. ovis infection in an avian species. The fastidious nature and nutritional requirements of Helcococcus spp. must be considered in order to allow proper identification and avoid misdiagnosis. Further studies are needed to define pathogenesis, virulence factors, and predisposing conditions associated with this microorganism.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Endocardite/veterinária , Firmicutes/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnóstico , Animais , California , Endocardite/diagnóstico , Endocardite/diagnóstico por imagem , Endocardite/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Death receptor (DR) ligands such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been identified as fundamental mediators of liver damage both in mouse models and in humans. While the essential site of function of DR signaling is conceivably the hepatocyte, a systematic analysis is missing. Using mice with conditional gene ablation, we analyzed the tissue-specific function of DR signaling in T cell-dependent (concanavalin A) and independent (lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine) hepatitis and in models of bacterial infection (Listeria monocytogenes, lipopolysaccharide). We report that lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine-induced liver injury depends on hepatocyte-intrinsic TNF receptor 1 (p55, TNFR1). In contrast, we show that T cell-induced hepatitis was independent of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes, T cells, or endothelial cells. Moreover, T cell-induced hepatitis was independent of hepatocyte-intrinsic Fas-associated protein with death domain, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor, or Fas signaling. Instead, concanavalin A-induced hepatitis was completely prevented in mice with myeloid-derived cell (MDC)-specific deletion of TNFR1. Significantly, however, mice lacking TNFR1 in MDCs succumbed to listeria infection, although they displayed similar sensitivity toward endotoxin-induced septic shock when compared to control mice. These results suggest that TNFR1 signaling in MDCs is a critical mediator of both the detrimental and the protective functions of TNF in T cell-induced hepatitis and bacterial infection, respectively. CONCLUSION: The critical site of action of DRs is completely dependent on the nature of hepatitis; the data specify MDCs as the essential cell type of TNFR1 function in T cell-mediated hepatitis and in the response to listeria, thereby identifying the opposing role of MDC TNFR1 in autoimmunity and bacterial infection. (Hepatology 2016;64:508-521).
Assuntos
Hepatite Animal/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Animais , Concanavalina A , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Hepatite Animal/imunologia , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Listeria monocytogenes , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/fisiologiaAssuntos
Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium/classificação , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Animais , Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , Hepatite Animal/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Angiomatose Bacilar/veterinária , Bartonella henselae , Colangite/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Angiomatose Bacilar/complicações , Angiomatose Bacilar/patologia , Animais , Colangite/etiologia , Colangite/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/etiologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Cavalos/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , MasculinoAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma/veterinária , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Melopsittacus , Proventrículo/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/veterinária , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Animais , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/patologia , Micoses/veterinária , Proventrículo/microbiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
Reports of 148 cases of Tyzzer's disease in foals in central Kentucky were analyzed to identify features of the disease and factors associated with it. The records indicate that Tyzzer's disease is a rapidly progressive, highly fatal hepatitis caused by Clostridium piliforme. Common clinical findings are lethargy, fever, anorexia, and icterus. Seizures, coma, and death may rapidly ensue. Laboratory findings are leukopenia, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and increased activity of hepatic enzymes. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical signs and postmortem findings but a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is now available to detect C. piliforme DNA in organs and feces. Disease occurred most frequently in foals between 9 and 30 days of age that were born in April to May and was associated with heavy rainfall in the spring and high protein and nitrogenous diets fed to nursing mares. The findings are consistent with the ingestion of C. piliforme in the feces of adult horses and overgrowth in the intestine of foals with a high level of nutrients in their intestine.
Maladie de Tyzzer chez les poulains : études rétrospectives de 1969 à 2010. Des rapports de 148 cas de la maladie de Tyzzer chez les poulains dans le centre du Kentucky ont été analysés pour identifier les caractéristiques de la maladie et les facteurs qui y sont associés. Les dossiers indiquent que la maladie de Tyzzer est une hépatite rapidement progressive et hautement mortelle causée par Clostridium piliforme. Les résultats cliniques fréquents sont la léthargie, la fièvre, l'anorexie et l'ictère. Des crises d'épilepsie, le coma et la mort peuvent rapidement survenir. Les résultats de laboratoire sont la leucopénie, l'acidose métabolique, l'hypoglycémie et une activité accrue des enzymes hépatiques. Le diagnostic se base principalement sur les signes cliniques et les résultats post mortem, mais une réaction d'amplification en chaîne par la polymérase (ACP) est maintenant disponible pour détecter l'ADN de C. piliforme dans les organes et les fèces. La maladie se produit le plus fréquemment chez les poulains âgés d'entre 9 et 30 jours qui sont nés en avril et en mai et elle a été associée à des pluies abondantes au printemps et à des diètes à teneur élevée en protéines et en azote données aux juments allaitantes. Les résultats sont conformes avec l'ingestion de C. piliforme dans les fèces des chevaux adultes et à la prolifération dans l'intestin des poulains ayant un niveau élevé de nutriments dans leur intestin.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Clostridium/classificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/patologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/epidemiologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Kentucky/epidemiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Chuva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Infecções por Chlamydiaceae/veterinária , Chlamydiaceae/genética , Animais , Chlamydiaceae/classificação , Infecções por Chlamydiaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Chlamydiaceae/mortalidade , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/mortalidade , Fígado/microbiologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Tipagem Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Salamandra/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
This is the first report of Escherichia coli isolates producing CTX-M-15, the predominant type of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) associated with clinical disease in humans in the United Kingdom, in a United Kingdom pet dog. This report also describes the first isolation of CTX-M/Tem ESBL-positive E. coli from bile in dogs with hepatobiliary disease.
Assuntos
Colangite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Hepatite Animal/complicações , beta-Lactamases/análise , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bile/microbiologia , Colangite/complicações , Colangite/microbiologia , Cães , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Feminino , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Three pathogens, Riemerella anatipestifer, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, are leading causes of bacterial fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis in ducks in China and worldwide. It is difficult to differentiate these pathogens when obtaining a diagnosis on clinical signs and pathological changes. The aim of this research was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) that could discriminate R. anatipestifer, E. coli, and S. enterica rapidly in field isolates, or detect the three bacteria in clinical samples from diseased ducks. We selected the DnaB helicase (dnaB) gene of R. anatipestifer, alkaline phosphatase (phoA) gene of E. coli and invasion protein (invA) gene of S. enterica as target genes. In optimized conditions, the limitation of detection was approximately 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) of each of these three bacterial pathogens per PCR reaction tube. The m-PCR method showed specific amplification of respective genes from R. anatipestifer, E. coli, and S. enterica. Using the m-PCR system, bacterial strains isolated from diseased ducks in our laboratory were categorized successfully, and the pathogens could also be detected in clinical samples from diseased ducks. Therefore, the m-PCR system could distinguish the three pathogens simultaneously, for identification, routine molecular diagnosis and epidemiology, in a single reaction.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Patos/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinária , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DnaB Helicases/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Limite de Detecção , Pericardite/microbiologia , Pericardite/veterinária , Peritonite/microbiologia , Peritonite/veterinária , Riemerella/genética , Riemerella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella enterica/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Vibrionic hepatitis is a disease of poultry which is characterised by the presence of focal lesions in the liver, usually 1-2mm in size and greyish-white in colour. The cause of the disease remains unclear, as do the reasons for its recent re-emergence. We examined the livers of commercial broiler chickens taken during processing and found Campylobacter spp. in both normal livers and those displaying signs indicative of focal hepatitis. Livers with signs of hepatitis had significantly more Campylobacter spp. present than those without and other bacterial genera were infrequently present. We were unable to replicate the disease in a healthy host following experimental infection with a Campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from a liver showing signs of focal hepatitis. However, a significant T cell response to C. jejuni was seen in the liver of Campylobacter infected birds. We conclude that the presence of Campylobacter spp. in the liver alone is not sufficient to cause vibrionic hepatitis, but that a predisposing factor, possibly within the host is required. We also provide evidence that chickens mount an adaptive T cell response to systemic C. jejuni.
Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Campylobacter jejuni/isolamento & purificação , Galinhas/microbiologia , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/patologia , Campylobacter jejuni/patogenicidade , Galinhas/imunologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Humanos , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Prevalência , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
A 7-year-old female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from a local herd in Serres, northern Greece, was presented to a private veterinary clinic with a chronic loss of appetite for 15 days. The clinical examination revealed high fever (41.5 degrees C), lethargy, yellow discoloration of skin and mucous membranes, an abdomen that appeared to be empty, hyperactive rumen motility, and tachypnea. A biochemical profile revealed an elevated total bilirubin concentration and hepatic enzyme activities, whereas globulin, creatinine, and glucose concentrations were within the reference intervals. The animal received a 12-day course of treatment with intramuscular administration of ampicillin and corticosteroids. However, no significant clinical improvement was achieved, and the buffalo was euthanized. Gross necropsy lesions included serous atrophy of adipose tissue and hepatomegaly. Microscopic lesions included necrotizing pyogranulomatous hepatitis with thrombosis, hemorrhages, edema, and fibrosis. Small, nonpigmented, bacterial colonies were harvested in pure culture from the liver and were confirmed as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by polymerase chain reaction. The bacterium was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, colistin, polymyxin, trimethoprim/sulfamethaxazole, and chloramphenicol. In contrast, resistance to ticarcillin, piperacillin, imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and tetracycline was displayed. The bacterial strain carried the L1 metallo-beta-lactamase (L1) and tet35 genes, which contribute to high-level resistance to beta-lactams and tetracycline, respectively. Although S. maltophilia is widely believed to be a contaminant, the present report suggests that the isolation, identification, and susceptibility testing of this multidrug-resistant bacterium may be of clinical importance in diagnostic samples.
Assuntos
Búfalos/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolamento & purificação , Tecido Adiposo/microbiologia , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bilirrubina/sangue , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Eutanásia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/sangue , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Grécia , Hepatite Animal/sangue , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Hepatomegalia/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/efeitos dos fármacos , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genética , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , beta-Lactamas/farmacologiaAssuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Morte Súbita/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Necrose/veterinária , Pasteurella/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurella/patogenicidade , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes fatal septicaemia in humans and animals. C. violaceum ATCC 12472 possesses genes associated with two distinct type III secretion systems (T3SSs). One of these systems is encoded by Chromobacterium pathogenicity islands 1 and 1a (Cpi-1/-1a), another is encoded by Chromobacterium pathogenicity island 2 (Cpi-2). Here we show that C. violaceum causes fulminant hepatitis in a mouse infection model, and Cpi-1/-1a-encoded T3SS is required for its virulence. In addition, using C. violaceum strains with defined mutations in the genes that encode the Cpi-1/-1a or Cpi-2 locus in combination with cultured mammalian cell lines, we found that C. violaceum is able to induce cytotoxicity in a Cpi-1/-1a-dependent manner. Characterization of Chromobacterium-induced cytotoxicity revealed that cell lysis by C. violaceum infection involves the formation of pore structures on the host cell membrane, as demonstrated by protection by cytotoxicity in the presence of osmoprotectants. Finally, we demonstrated that CipB, a Cpi-1/-1a effector, is implicated in translocator-mediated pore formation and the ability of CipB to form a pore is essential for Chromobacterium-induced cytotoxicity. These results strongly suggest that Cpi-1/-1a-encoded T3SS is a virulence determinant that causes fatal infection by the induction of cell death in hepatocytes.