Apocrine and eccrine hidrocystomas: a clinicopathological study.

INTRODUCTION: Eccrine and apocrine hidrocystomas are uncommon, benign, cystic proliferations of the sweat glands usually located on the head and neck area. OBJECTIVES: To describe the key clinical and histopathological characteristics of a large series of hidrocystomas in Greece to improve diagnostic accuracy, and to perform a historical review of the medical term hidrocystoma. METHODS: A case series of 22 hidrocystomas from 20 consecutive patients treated with surgery at University Hospital of Heraklion in Crete, Greece, from January 1, 1998 to January 1, 2020 was performed along with a comprehensive historical literature review of the term hidrocystoma and its corresponding term hydatis from ancient Greek literature to the present. Data were obtained from medical records. All patients had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of hidrocystoma. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of 22 tumors of the 20 consecutive patients were retrieved from the pathology laboratory archive and stained for SMA, p63, and GCDFP-15 with immunochemistry and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) histochemical stain. RESULTS: Overall, 22 hidrocystomas (11 apocrine and 11 eccrine hidrocystomas) surgically excised from 20 patients were included in this study. Of the 20 patients, 10 (50%) were male and 10 (50%) were female, with a mean age of 56 ± 15 years. Hidrocystomas commonly occurred on the eyelids (73%), inner canthus (9%), eyebrow (4.5%), neck (4.5%), nose (4.5%), and ear (4.5%). All apocrine hidrocystomas stained positive for SMA, GCDFP-15, CAM 5.2, PAS, and PAS-D. No recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Here we have presented the clinicopathological characteristics of the largest case series of hidrocystomas in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Only apocrine hidrocystomas stained positive for SMA, GCDFP-15, CAM 5.2, PAS, and PAS-D.

Bi-institutional retrospective study on the demographics and basic clinical presentation of hidrocystomas.

Hidrocystomas are benign, cystic lesions of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. The literature on hidrocystomas is sparse, consisting of a handful of case reports and limited retrospective reviews. This is the first known bi-institutional, retrospective, chart review aimed to elucidate the demographics and basic clinical presentation of hidrocystomas. Medical records of adult patients with a pathological diagnosis of hidrocystoma from September 1, 2008 to August 1, 2015 in the Oculoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary (UIC) and Department of Ophthalmology of Weill Cornell Medical College (Cornell) were reviewed. Children under the age of 18 were not included. Data collection included: gender, race, age at diagnosis, laterality, location, total number of lesions, and recurrence. Results from both institutions were compared against each other and as a whole. A total of 107 patients were diagnosed with hidrocystoma on pathology. The mean age of diagnosis was 56 years (22-85). Hidrocystomas were diagnosed in 69 (64.4%) females and 38 (35.5%) males. Lesions were most commonly found in African American (37.4%), Caucasian (30.8%), and Hispanic (16.8%) patients combined across the two institutions with different patient populations. Lesions were largely unilateral (74.8%) and found on the lower lid (38.6%), lateral canthus (31.2%), upper lid (17.7%), and medial canthus (12.6%). Recurrences were seen in 2.3% of lesions. The majority of recurrences occurred in patients who identified their race as Hispanic (2/5) and Caucasian (3/5). Recurrences were seen in 2 males and 3 females. Apocrine and ecccrine hidrocystomas may be more common in female, African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic patients, presenting most commonly in adults in their mid-fifties. Lesions tend to be unilateral with lower lid lesions being the most prevalent location and medial canthus lesions being the least prevalent location for lesion growth. Recurrences may be most common in Hispanics and Caucasians and less common in African Americans. Although a precise recurrence rate cannot be determined at this time, our data suggests that the recurrence rate is low with current excisional methods.

A retrospective study of eyelid tumors from 43 cats.

Submissions to the University of Tennessee pathology service from June 1999 to June 2008 were searched for feline cases of tumors involving the eyelids or nictitans. Forty-three tumors were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 10.4 years. Significantly more males than females had eyelid tumors. There were 12 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 11 mast cell tumors (MCTs), 6 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs), 4 adenocarcinomas (ACAs), 3 peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), 3 lymphomas, 3 apocrine hidrocystomas (AHCs), and 2 hemangiomas. Cats with MCTs were significantly younger than cats with all other tumor types combined. In contrast, cats with SCCs were significantly older than cats with other tumor types. The HSAs and SCCs were significantly more likely than other tumors to occur in nonpigmented areas. The MCTs, HSAs, AHCs, and hemangiomas did not recur after surgical excision. In contrast, the lymphomas, ACAs, SCCs, and PNSTs frequently recurred and/or resulted in death or euthanasia of the cat. The SCCs were significantly more likely to recur than the MCTs. The average survival time for cats with SCCs was 7.4 months. Although eyelid MCTs have been reported in cats, the prevalence in this study is much higher than previously described.