Patterns of hyperostosis during the ontogenic development of Atlantic spadefish (Broussonet, 1782) in Brazilian coast.

Marine teleost species of commercial interest are often reported with hyperostosis, an osteological condition that results in bone thickening. Various specimens of Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (n = 86) obtained from artisanal fishermen in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were radiographed and assessed to detect the occurrence of hyperostosis across four different size classes. Of the examined individuals, 58.62% displayed signs of hyperostosis, which manifested in eight skeletal regions, notably in the supraoccipital crest, cleithrum and supraneural areas. In the vertebral column, hyperostosis was more frequently observed in haemal spines than in neural spines, predominantly between the sixth and eighth caudal vertebrae. The smallest size class (<200 mm total length) showed a low frequency of hyperostosis at 7.89%. This frequency escalated for larger classes, reaching 94.12% in individuals measuring 200-300 mm in total length and was observed in all individuals exceeding 300 mm. Hyperostosis exhibited an ontogenetic development pattern, where both the occurrence frequencies and the sizes of the affected bones expanded in proportion to the fish size. This is the first description of the hyperostosis pattern of development for the species, an important commercial resource.

Patterns description of hyperostosis observed in Atlantic moonfish Selene setapinnis and lookdown Selene vomer.

Hyperostosis manifests itself and develops differently in taxonomically related species. Radiographic images of individuals belonging to different size classes of Atlantic Moonfish Selene setapinnis and Lookdown Selene vomer were obtained from two different estuarine areas of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. In S. setapinnis, hyperostosis occurred in 65.22% of the specimens analyzed in three different skeletal regions. All specimens of S. vomer had hyperostosis in four regions. Patterns of occurrence were detected in both species, and the affected regions did not coincide in the same bone region, except for the cleithrum. Hyperostosis in S. setapinnis were observed in high frequencies of seventh dorsal pterygiophore, whereas in specimens of S. vomer this condition was detected to a greater extent in the neural spines of the second abdominal vertebra and first to third caudal vertebrae. The data demonstrated a relationship between the sexual maturity and the occurrence and development of hyperostotic bones in ageing process of individuals. It is the first description of S. vomer with a hyperostosis phenomenon for the species on the Brazilian coast.

Occurrence of hyperostosis in leatherjacket, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Brazilian coastal waters / Ocorrência de hiperostose na guaivira, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) de águas costeiras brasileiras

Hyperostotic bones occur in several families of marine teleosts, however there are few reports on its development in fish from Brazilian waters. The present study identified the occurrence of hyperostosis in specimens of Leatherjacket fish Oligoplites saurus, an important commercial species, using radiographic images. Biometric measurements of four specimens were performed and the affected bones were detected in different levels and regions of the skeleton: Supraoccipital, Pterygiophores, Cleithrum, Hemal Spines and Neural Spines. Bones with hyperostosis represented up to 7% of the weight of the eviscerated fish. The pattern found was consistent with previous reports in the literature for other species of the genus Oligoplites, this being the first report of hyperostosis for O. saurus.

Ossos hiperostóticos ocorrem em diversas famílias de teleósteos marinhos, entretanto poucos relatos sobre seu desenvolvimento são descritos para peixes de águas brasileiras. O presente estudo identificou a ocorrência de hiperostose em espécimes de guaivira Oligoplites saurus, uma importante espécie comercial, por análises de imagens radiográficas. Foram realizadas medidas biométricas de quatro espécimes, e os ossos afetados foram detectados, em diferentes graus e regiões do esqueleto: supraoccipital, pterigióforos, cleitro, espinho hemal e espinho neural. Ossos com hiperostose chegaram a representar até 7% do peso do peixe eviscerado. O padrão encontrado foi consistente com os relatos prévios na literatura para outras espécies do gênero Oligoplites, sendo este o primeiro relato de hiperostose para O. saurus.

Desordens hiperostóticas em American Bully / Hiperostotic disorders in american bully

O complexo de desordens hiperostóticas é uma condição rara e autolimitante, que tem as mesmas características histopatológicas, que cursa com proliferação óssea de caráter não neoplásico. Acomete cães jovens de raças distintas, com variabilidade quanto ao tipo de proliferação óssea e quanto aos ossos acometidos. O complexo é composto pela osteopatia craniomandibular, hiperostose da calota craniana e osteodistrofia hipertrófica. Podendo estar presente nos ossos da calota craniana, mandíbulas, coluna cervical e esqueleto apendicular. O presente relato, descreveu o quadro de uma cadela, da raça American Bully, não castrada, três meses de idade, que foi atendida com queixa de aumento de volume doloroso das mandíbulas, hiporexia e sialorreia há 15 dias, apresentando ao exame físico, amplitude de movimento diminuída e sensibilidade dolorosa da articulação temporomandibular, espessamento firme bilateral do crânio em região de fossa temporal, espessamento palpável de consistência firme das mandíbulas e crepitação respiratória. Após avaliação clínica e realização de exames complementares, chegou-se ao diagnóstico presuntivo, de complexo de desordens hiperostóticas. Foi instituído como conduta terapêutica o suporte analgésico, sendo eficaz para a manutenção das necessidades fisiológicas até a paciente alcançar a fase adulta. O prognóstico para esta paciente foi considerado bom, uma vez que não havia indícios de anquilose da articulação temporomandibular e/ou manifestações neurológicas.

The complex of hyperostotic disorders is a rare and self-limiting condition, which has the same histophatological characteristics, which courses with non-neoplastic bone proliferations. It affects young dogs of different breeds, with variability the bones affected. The complex is composed of craniomandibular osteopathy, calvarial hyperostotic syndrome and hypertrophic osteodystrophy. It may be present in the bones of the skullcap, jaws, cervical spine and appendicular skeleton. The present report describes the condition of a female dog, American Bully breed, entire, three months old, with a complaint of painful swelling of the jaws, hyporexia and drooling for 15 days, presenting on physical examination, reduced amplitude and pain of the temporomandibular joint, bilateral firm thickening of the skull in the temporal fossa region, palpable firm-consistent thickening of the mandibles and respiratory crackle. After clinical evaluation and complementary tests, a presumptive diagnosis of hyperostotic disorders complex was reached. It was instituted pain management as a treatment, being effective for the maintenance of physiological needs until the patient reaches the adulthood. The prognosis for this patient was considered good, since there was no evidence of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and/or neurological manifestations.

Estudio anatómico de la hiperostosis porótica en órbitas oculares: cribra orbitalia en la población arqueológica de Tutuquén, región del Maule, Chile / Anatomical study of porotic hyperostosis in the eye orbits: cribra orbitalia in the archaeological population of Tutuquén, Maule region, Chile

RESUMEN: La cribra orbitalia o hiperostosis porótica del techo orbitario es considerada una manifestación ósea microperforativa de condiciones patológicas hematológicas, especialmente la anemia ferropénica. Este hallazgo, se enmarca de manera casi exclusiva a estudios en poblaciones arqueológicas. El propósito de este estudio fue describir la expresión de cribra orbitalia en una población arqueológica de Chile central. Restos óseos de 32 individuos fueron analizados, los cuales fueron obtenidos de la población del Monumento Arqueológico Cementerio Tutuquén, los que están depositados en el Museo Regional de Rancagua. En cada una de la muestras incluidas, se evaluaron períodos de datación, sexo, rango etáreo, presencia v/s ausencia de cribra orbitalia y en los casos en que ésta estuvo presente, se determinó su intensidad mediante visión directa con lente de aumento. Un 59,38 % de los individuos presentó cribra orbitalia. De éstos, 26,32 % fueron de sexo femenino, 31,58 % de sexo masculino y 42,10 % indeterminado. De los individuos del período 10.000 AP, 33,33 % presentó cribra orbitalia; de los individuos del período 7.000 AP un 50 % y de los individuos pertenecientes al período 1.000 AP, un 68,4 %. Al clasificar la severidad de la cribra orbitalia se observó que 31,57 % de los individuos presentaron Cribra orbitalia tipo I; 36,84 % tipo II; 10,52 % tipo III; 10,52 % tipo IV y 10,52 % tipo V. Los datos aportados complementarán el conocimiento morfopatológico de la órbita ocular humana desde el estudio de poblaciones arqueológicas.

SUMMARY: The cribra orbitalia or porotic hyperostosis of the orbital roof is considered a microperforative bone manifestation of hematological pathological conditions, especially iron deficiency anemia. This finding is almost exclusively part of studies in archaeological populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the expression of cribra orbitalia in an archaeological population of central Chile. Bone remains of 32 individuals were analyzed, which were obtained from the population of the Tutuquén Cemetery Archaeological Monument, which are deposited in the Regional Museum of Rancagua. In each of the included samples, dating periods, sex, age range, presence v / s absence of cribra orbitalia were evaluated and in the cases in which it was present, its intensity was determined by direct vision with a magnifying lens. The 59.38 % of the individuals presented cribra orbitalia. Of these, 26.32 % were female, 31.58 % male, and 42.10 % undetermined. Of the individuals in the period 10,000 BP, 33.33 % presented cribra orbitalia; of the individuals of the period 7,000 AP, 50% and of the individuals belonging to the period 1,000 AP, 68.4 %. When classifying the severity of the cribra orbitalia, it was observed that 31.57 % of the individuals had type I; 36.84 % type II; 10.52 % type III; 10.52 % type IV and 10.52 % type V. The data provided will complement the morpho-pathological knowledge of the human eye orbit from the study of archaeological populations.

Presentación atípica de síndrome de CamuratiEngelmann en una paciente femenina colombiana. Reporte de caso / Atypical presentation of Camurati-Engelmann syndrome in a colombian female patient. Case report

Resumen El síndrome de Camurati-Engelmann, también conocido como displasia diafisaria progresiva, es una enfermedad rara, autosómica dominante y con una prevalencia de uno por cada millón de habitantes. Genera mutaciones del factor de crecimiento transformante beta, que participa en la proliferación ósea. Son frecuentes las manifestaciones osteomusculares y neurológicas, con escasas expresiones de laboratorio. El diagnóstico se basa en la clínica, los hallazgos radiológicos y la confirmación genética; el tratamiento se dirige al control sintomático y el pronóstico es incierto. La presente publicación tiene como objetivo compartir con la comunidad médica el tercer caso de síndrome de Camurati-Engelmann conocido en Colombia. Se trata de una paciente femenina de 33 años con cuadro clínico de distonías intensas y signos y síntomas característicos de este síndrome, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado por prueba molecular, encontrando la presencia de la variante patogénica p.Arg156Cys en el gen TGF-β1, con presentación de novo. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 119-27.

Abstract Camurati-Engelmann syndrome, also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare, autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence of one per million inhabitants. It generates mutations of the transforming growth factor beta, which participates in bone proliferation. Osteomuscular and neurological manifestations are frequent, with few laboratory expressions. The diagnosis is based on the clinic, radiological findings, and genetic confirmation, treatment is aimed at symptom control and prognosis is uncertain. The objective of this publication is to share with the medical community the third case of Camurati-Engelmann syndrome known in Colombia. This is a 33-year- old female patient with a clinical picture of intense dystonia and characteristic signs and symptoms of this syndrome, whose diagnosis was confirmed by molecular testing, finding the presence of the pathogenic variant p.Arg156Cys in the TGF-β1 gene, with de novo presentation. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 119-27.

Using a multimethod life history approach to navigate the osteological paradox: A case study from Prehispanic Nasca, Peru.

OBJECTIVES: We leverage recent bioarchaeological approaches and life history theory to address the implications of the osteological paradox in a study population. The goal of this article is to evaluate morbidity and mortality patterns as well as variability in the risk of disease and death during the Late Intermediate period (LIP; 950-1450 C.E.) in the Nasca highlands of Peru. We demonstrate how the concurrent use of multiple analytical techniques and life history theory can engage the osteological paradox and provide salient insights into the study of stress, frailty, and resilience in past populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Crania from LIP burial contexts in the Nasca highlands were examined for cribra orbitalia (n = 325) and porotic hyperostosis (n = 270). All age groups and both sexes are represented in the sample. Survivor/nonsurvivor analysis assessed demographic differences in lesion frequency and severity. Hazard models were generated to assess differences in survivorship. The relationship between dietary diversity and heterogeneity in morbidity was assessed using stable δ15 N and δ13 C isotope values for bone collagen and carbonate. One hundred and twenty-four crania were directly AMS radiocarbon dated, allowing for a diachronic analysis of morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The frequency and expression of both orbital and vault lesions increases significantly during the LIP. Survivor/nonsurvivor analysis indicates cranial lesions co-vary with frailty rather than robusticity or longevity. Hazard models show (1) decreasing survivorship with the transition into the LIP, (2) significantly lower adult life expectancy for females compared to males, and (3) individuals with cranial lesions have lower survivorship across the life course. Stable isotope results show very little dietary diversity. Mortality risk and frequency of pathological skeletal lesions were highest during Phase III (1300-1450 C.E.) of the LIP. CONCLUSION: Results provide compelling evidence of increasing physiological stress and mortality in the Nasca highlands during the LIP, but also reveal substantial heterogeneity in frailty and the risk of death. Certain members of society experienced a heavier disease burden and higher mortality compared to their contemporaries. Elevated levels of disease and lethal trauma among females account for some of the sex differences in survivorship but cannot explain the large degree of female-biased mortality. We hypothesize that parental investment in males or increased female fertility rates may explain these differences.

The presence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) in the Brazilian Coast - case report / [A presença de hiperostoses no peixe-galo-sem-penacho, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) na costa brasileira - relato de caso]

The occurrence of hyperostotic bones is common in marine fish, especially in the Carangidae family, despite few records of this condition in fishes from Brazilian waters. The present study describes the occurrence of hyperostosis in Atlantic moonfish (Selene setapinnis) in, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Radiographs of the fish specimens were taken and all of them presented hyperostosis in at least three different regions: cleithrum, pterygiophores and pleural ribs. The observed pattern is different from previously described for other species of the same genus. It is the first record for the species and a valuable contribution to the study of bone diseases in fishes from the Brazilian coast.(AU)

A ocorrência de ossos hipertostóticos é comum em peixes marinhos, especialmente na família Carangidae, apesar de poucos relatos dessa condição em peixes de águas brasileiras. O presente estudo descreve a ocorrência de hiperostose no peixe-galo-sem-penacho (Selene setapinnis) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Radiografias dos espécimes de peixes foram feitas e todos os exemplares apresentaram hiperostoses em pelo menos três regiões diferentes: cleithrum, pterigióforos e costelas pleurais. O padrão observado é diferente do descrito previamente para outras espécies do mesmo gênero. Este é o primeiro relato para a espécie e é uma contribuição valiosa para o estudo de doenças ósseas em peixes da costa brasileira.(AU)

Enfoque radiológico de la enfermedad de Forestier-Rotes-Querol. Presentación de caso / Radiological approach to Forestier Rotes Querol disease. A case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 64 años de edad, con comorbilidades asociadas, quien acude al Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social por dolor y rigidez cervical de evolución crónica. En estudios de resonancia magnética se observa protrusión ósea con formación de puentes anteriores a los cuerpos vertebrales, que concuerda con las alteraciones halladas en tomografía y radiografía cervical. La hiperostosis esquelética difusa idiopática, o enfermedad de Forestier-Rotes-Querol, es una patología de la columna poco reconocida que puede cursar asintomática y desapercibida, pero ante dolor cervical la tomografía de columna es el método de estudio inicial e ideal para la valoración ósea en caso de patologías osificantes y degenerativas, que al complementar con resonancia magnética ayuda a realizar un diagnóstico preciso, para decidir entre un tratamiento quirúrgico o un manejo conservador.

The case of a 64-year-old female with associated comorbidities is presented, who attends the Honduran social security institute due to chronic cervical pain and stiffness. Magnetic resonance studies show bone protrusion with formation of anterior bridges of vertebral bodies that is consistent with the alterations visualized in tomography and cervical radiography. Idiopathic diffuse skeletal hyperostosis is a poorly recognized pathology of the spine that can be asymptomatic and unnoticed. In case of cervical pain, spinal tomography is the initial and ideal study method for bone assessment in case of ossifying and degenerative pathologies that, when complemented with magnetic resonance imaging, helps to make an accurate diagnosis and thus evaluate and decide between surgical treatment or conservative management

Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis are associated with respiratory infections in a contemporary mortality sample from New Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: Cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH) are porous cranial lesions (PCLs) classically associated with iron-deficiency anemia in bioarchaeological contexts. However, recent studies indicate a need to reassess the interpretation of PCLs. This study addresses the potential health correlates of PCLs in a contemporary sample by examining relationships between the known cause of death (COD) and PCL presence/absence. METHODS: This study includes a sample of 461 juvenile individuals (6 months to 15 years of age) who underwent examination at the University of New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator between 2011 and 2019. The information available for each individual includes their sex, age at death, and their COD and manner of death. RESULTS: Odds ratio of having CO (OR = 3.92, p < .01) or PH (OR = 2.86, p = .02) lesions are increased in individuals with respiratory infections. Individuals with heart conditions have increased odds of having CO (OR = 3.52, p = .03) lesions, but not PH. CONCLUSION: Individuals with respiratory infection are more likely to have CO and/or PH. CO appears to have a greater range of health correlates than PH does, as indicated by the heart condition results. However, individuals with congenital heart defects are at higher risk for respiratory infections, so bony alterations in cases of heart conditions may be due to respiratory illness. Since respiratory infection remains a leading cause of mortality today, CO and PH in bioarchaeological contexts should be considered as potential indicators of respiratory infections in the past.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely described in the veterinary routine. The aim of this study was to report a case of GIST accompanied by a periosteal reaction, suggestive ofhypertrophic osteopathy, in a dog.Case: An 11-year-old male dog had a history of progressive weight loss, difficulty in locomotion, and dyspnea. During clinical care, increased bone volume was observed. Blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and biochemicalanalysis. The dog also underwent thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography. The test results revealed anemia,leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocholesterolemia. The radiographic images of the limbs showeda generalized periosteal reaction, and thoracic radiography indicated changes compatible with mild chronic lung disease.Ultrasonographic findings indicated a neoformation in the intestinal loop of the right mesogastric region and increasedvolume in the left testicle, both of which were indicative of neoplasia. Therefore, the dog was referred for surgery, whereinthe intestinal mass and both testes were removed; the intestinal mass and left testicle were subjected to histopathologicaldiagnosis. The results of the biopsies confirmed that the testicular neoplasm was a seminoma, whereas the intestinal nodulewas compatible with GIST, and immunohistochemical analysis was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. On the basis ofpositive labeling for the antibodies vimentin, desmin, S100, and c-kit, the diagnosis of GIST was confirmed. Therefore,the animal underwent metronomic chemotherapy with 12 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide every 24 h for 3 months, and thereafter every 48 h for 6 months. Moreover, the dog was periodically monitored via imaging (radiography of the anteriorand posterior limbs, abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography)...(AU)

Hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with cardiac interventricular septal defect.

A 3-year-old mixed-breed female cat was diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect of the heart through an echocardiogram. After a 9-month treatment, progressive and diffuse hard thickening of all limbs was observed, which on radiographic examinations, revealed a marked thickening of the long bones. The necropsy findings were limited to the appendicular skeleton and thoracic vertebrae, in addition to a severe cardiac interventricular septal defect and lung edema. The histological evaluation revealed severe replacement of the cortical bone by spongy bone in all bone fragments examined. This is the first report of hypertrophic osteopathy occurring in association with a cardiac malformation in a cat.

Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay en un recién nacido / Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome in a newborn

Se describe el caso clínico de un recién nacido, asistido en el Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, sin antecedentes patológicos maternos ni familiares, quien presentaba macrocefalia, asimetría de los miembros inferiores, marcada hipertrofia en el miembro inferior izquierdo y macrodactilia, así como angiomas cutáneos en el área inferior del tronco, en el abdomen, la región glútea y las piernas. Luego de una evaluación detallada por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario, que se basó en el cuadro clínico y el estudio radiográfico, se diagnosticó el síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay. El paciente ha mantenido una evolución favorable hasta el momento actual y se continúa un estricto seguimiento médico(AU)

The case report of a newborn, assisted in Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba is described, without maternal or family pathological history who presented macrocephalic asymmetry of the lower members, marked hypertrophy in the left low member and macrodactilia, as well as cutaneous angiomas in the lower area of the trunk, abdomen, buttocks region and legs. After a detailed evaluation by a multidisciplinary team which was based on the clinical pattern and radiographical study, the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome was diagnosed. The patient has maintained a favorable clinical course up to now and a strict medical follow-up is carried out(AU)

Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay en un recién nacido / Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome in a newborn

Se describe el caso clínico de un recién nacido, asistido en el Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, sin antecedentes patológicos maternos ni familiares, quien presentaba macrocefalia, asimetría de los miembros inferiores, marcada hipertrofia en el miembro inferior izquierdo y macrodactilia, así como angiomas cutáneos en el área inferior del tronco, en el abdomen, la región glútea y las piernas. Luego de una evaluación detallada por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario, que se basó en el cuadro clínico y el estudio radiográfico, se diagnosticó el síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay. El paciente ha mantenido una evolución favorable hasta el momento actual y se continúa un estricto seguimiento médico.

The case report of a newborn, assisted in Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba is described, without maternal or family pathological history who presented macrocephalic asymmetry of the lower members, marked hypertrophy in the left low member and macrodactilia, as well as cutaneous angiomas in the lower area of the trunk, abdomen, buttocks region and legs. After a detailed evaluation by a multidisciplinary team which was based on the clinical pattern and radiographical study, the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome was diagnosed. The patient has maintained a favorable clinical course up to now and a strict medical follow-up is carried out.

Does the reduction of inferior turbinate affect lower airway functions? / A redução da concha nasal inferior afeta as funções das vias aéreas inferiores?

Abstract Introduction: Although the nose and lungs are separate organs, numerous studies have reported that the entire respiratory system can be considered as a single anatomical and functional unit. The upper and lower airways affect each other either directly or through reflex mechanisms. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the radiofrequency ablation of persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy on nasal and pulmonary function. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with bilateral persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy without septal deviation were included in this study. All of the patients were evaluated using anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, a visual analogue scale, and flow-sensitive spirometry on the day before and 4 months after the radiofrequency ablation procedure. Results: The post-ablation measurements revealed that the inferior turbinate ablation caused an increase in the mean cross-sectional area and volume of the nose, as well as in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow of the patients. These differences between the pre- and post-ablation results were statistically significant. The post-ablation visual analogue scale scores were lower when compared with the pre-ablation scores, and this difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the widening of the nasal passage after the reduction of the inferior turbinate size had a favorable effect on the pulmonary function tests.

Resumo Introdução: Embora o nariz e os pulmões sejam órgãos separados, numerosos estudos relataram que todo o sistema respiratório pode ser considerado como uma única unidade anatômica e funcional. As vias aéreas superiores e inferiores afetam uma à outra diretamente ou através de mecanismos reflexos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ablação por radiofrequência em conchas nasais inferiores com hipertrofia persistente sobre a função nasal e pulmonar. Método: Foram incluídos neste estudo 27 pacientes com hipertrofia persistente bilateral de conchas inferiores sem desvio septal. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados com rinoscopia anterior, endoscopia nasal, rinometria acústica, escala visual analógica e espirometria sensível ao fluxo no dia anterior e quatro meses após o procedimento de ablação por radiofrequência. Resultados: As medidas pós-ablação demonstraram que a ablação das conchas nasais inferiores resultou em um aumento da área transversal média e do volume do nariz, bem como do volume expiratório forçado em um segundo, da capacidade vital forçada e do fluxo expiratório máximo dos pacientes. Essas diferenças entre os resultados pré e pós-ablação foram estatisticamente significantes. Os escores da escala visual analógica pós-ablação foram menores quando comparados com os escores pré-ablação e essa diferença também foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: O alargamento da passagem nasal após a redução do tamanho das conchas nasais inferiores teve efeito favorável nos testes de função pulmonar.

Does the reduction of inferior turbinate affect lower airway functions?

INTRODUCTION: Although the nose and lungs are separate organs, numerous studies have reported that the entire respiratory system can be considered as a single anatomical and functional unit. The upper and lower airways affect each other either directly or through reflex mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the radiofrequency ablation of persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy on nasal and pulmonary function. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with bilateral persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy without septal deviation were included in this study. All of the patients were evaluated using anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, acoustic rhinometry, a visual analogue scale, and flow-sensitive spirometry on the day before and 4 months after the radiofrequency ablation procedure. RESULTS: The post-ablation measurements revealed that the inferior turbinate ablation caused an increase in the mean cross-sectional area and volume of the nose, as well as in the forced expiratory volume in 1s, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow of the patients. These differences between the pre- and post-ablation results were statistically significant. The post-ablation visual analogue scale scores were lower when compared with the pre-ablation scores, and this difference was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the widening of the nasal passage after the reduction of the inferior turbinate size had a favorable effect on the pulmonary function tests.

Osteopatia hipertrófica idiopática em um gatoˆipt / Hypertrophic osteopathy in a catˆien

Background: Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a syndrome characterized by progressive bilateral periosteal bone neofor-mation that mainly affects the thoracic and pelvic limb bones’ metaphyses and diaphyses. In most cases, it is secondary to a chronic primary lesion located in the thoracic cavity but can be associated with an abdominal injury that has already been occurred. The occurrence of this condition without being associated with a primary lesion is considered infrequent in animals. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with a description of clinical signs and radiographic and anatomopathological findings.Case: A male adult cat was brought to the veterinarian with an initial observation by the owner of four limbs’ volume in-crease, apathy, and reluctance to move. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented dehydration, mucosal hyperemia, hyperthermia, and bilateral edema of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Based on the radiographic examination, a periosteal reaction with palisade-like appearance was found in the metacarpals, radios, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibias, and fibulae. There were no significant changes in additional exams. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized and referred for necropsy and histopathological examination. All organs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Frag-ments were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histological slides with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome, and limb bones that were not fixed in formalin were macerated. Lesions were observed only in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Macroscopically, there was a diffuse, regular, slightly firm volume increase, covered by abundant gelati-nous whitish tissue. The periosteal bone neoformations were characterized by numerous papillary projections distributed throughout the phalanges, radius, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibia and fibulae. Histologically...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in a dog

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely described in the veterinary routine. The aim of this study was to report a case of GIST accompanied by a periosteal reaction, suggestive ofhypertrophic osteopathy, in a dog.Case: An 11-year-old male dog had a history of progressive weight loss, difficulty in locomotion, and dyspnea. During clinical care, increased bone volume was observed. Blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and biochemicalanalysis. The dog also underwent thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography. The test results revealed anemia,leukocytosis, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocholesterolemia. The radiographic images of the limbs showeda generalized periosteal reaction, and thoracic radiography indicated changes compatible with mild chronic lung disease.Ultrasonographic findings indicated a neoformation in the intestinal loop of the right mesogastric region and increasedvolume in the left testicle, both of which were indicative of neoplasia. Therefore, the dog was referred for surgery, whereinthe intestinal mass and both testes were removed; the intestinal mass and left testicle were subjected to histopathologicaldiagnosis. The results of the biopsies confirmed that the testicular neoplasm was a seminoma, whereas the intestinal nodulewas compatible with GIST, and immunohistochemical analysis was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. On the basis ofpositive labeling for the antibodies vimentin, desmin, S100, and c-kit, the diagnosis of GIST was confirmed. Therefore,the animal underwent metronomic chemotherapy with 12 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide every 24 h for 3 months, and thereafter every 48 h for 6 months. Moreover, the dog was periodically monitored via imaging (radiography of the anteriorand posterior limbs, abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography)...

Osteopatia hipertrófica idiopática em um gatoˆipt / Hypertrophic osteopathy in a catˆien

Background: Hypertrophic osteopathy (OH) is a syndrome characterized by progressive bilateral periosteal bone neofor-mation that mainly affects the thoracic and pelvic limb bones metaphyses and diaphyses. In most cases, it is secondary to a chronic primary lesion located in the thoracic cavity but can be associated with an abdominal injury that has already been occurred. The occurrence of this condition without being associated with a primary lesion is considered infrequent in animals. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of idiopathic hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat with a description of clinical signs and radiographic and anatomopathological findings.Case: A male adult cat was brought to the veterinarian with an initial observation by the owner of four limbs volume in-crease, apathy, and reluctance to move. Upon clinical examination, the animal presented dehydration, mucosal hyperemia, hyperthermia, and bilateral edema of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Based on the radiographic examination, a periosteal reaction with palisade-like appearance was found in the metacarpals, radios, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibias, and fibulae. There were no significant changes in additional exams. Due to poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized and referred for necropsy and histopathological examination. All organs were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Frag-ments were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histological slides with hematoxylin–eosin and Massons trichrome, and limb bones that were not fixed in formalin were macerated. Lesions were observed only in the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Macroscopically, there was a diffuse, regular, slightly firm volume increase, covered by abundant gelati-nous whitish tissue. The periosteal bone neoformations were characterized by numerous papillary projections distributed throughout the phalanges, radius, ulna, humerus, scapulae, tibia and fibulae. Histologically...(AU)