RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an uncommon infection affecting humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and howler monkeys. This study describes 10 cases of free-ranging brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) diagnosed with FEH and Alouatta guariba Papillomavirus 1 (AgPV 1). METHODS: We analyzed demographic characteristics, rescue conditions, clinical and pathological findings, and species-specific behavior factors in these cases. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence and potential contributing factors of FEH and AgPV 1 infection. RESULTS: The frequency of FEH was 8.13%. Most affected howlers were adult or geriatric males with comorbidities or stressful conditions. Clinical and pathological observations were consistent with AgPV 1 infection. Species-specific behaviors and environmental stressors were identified as contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS: FEH associated with AgPV 1 affected mainly adult or geriatric males with ongoing comorbidities or stressful conditions. Further research is needed to understand these factors for effective management.
Assuntos
Alouatta , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal , Doenças dos Macacos , Animais , Alouatta/virologia , Masculino , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Feminino , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/epidemiologia , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/virologia , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/veterinária , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare and seldom reported disease in animals and humans induced by a papillomavirus. The present report is the first description of this disease in a Neotropical primate, a howler monkey (Alouatta fusca). The diagnosis was based on gross and microscopic findings. The generic papillomavirus antigen was identified by immunohistochemistry and was found not to be related to any human papillomavirus DNA tested by in situ hybridization. This virus is probably a specific papillomavirus of the howler monkey (HMPV).