La patologización de la homosexualidad en los manuales diagnósticos y clasificaciones psiquiátricas / The pathologization of homosexuality in diagnostic manuals and psychiatric classifications

Investigaremos la relación entre el diagnóstico en la atención de la Salud Mental y la clasificación de la homosexualidad como enfermedad o trastorno mental con el fin de analizar que en lo que a las sexualidades no hegemónicas respecta, el diagnóstico no supone ser únicamente un conocimiento acabado del fenómeno que pretende investigar, sino que funciona como un procedimiento performativo que produce el mismo fenómeno que busca delimitar. Para ello, consideraremos los "Principios para la protección de los enfermos mentales" adoptados por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas el 17/12/1991, así como los sistemas internacionalmente vigentes de Clasificación en Salud Mental. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo descansa también en las ideas sobre la performatividad desarrolladas por Judith Butler (AU)

We will analyze the relationship between diagnosis in Mental Health Care and the classification of homosexuality as a mental illness. We will reflect that as far as non-hegemonic sexualities are concerned, the diagnosis does not suppose to be a complete knowledge of the phenomenon that it seeks to investigate, but rather works as a performative procedure that produces the same phenomenon that it seeks to know and delimit. We will take into account the "Principles for the protection of the mentally ill" adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 46/119 (12/17/1991) and the existing systems of classification in Mental Health. Our working hypothesis rests on the ideas of performativity developed by Judith Butler (AU)

Investigarem la relació entre el diagnòstic en l'atenció de la Salut Mental i la classificació de l'homosexualitat com a malaltia o trastorn mental amb la finalitat d'analitzar que pel que respecta a les sexualitats no hegemòniques , el diagnòstic no suposa ser únicament un coneixement acabat del fenomen que pretén investigar, sinó que funciona com un procediment performatiu que produeix el mateix fenomen que busca delimitar. Per a això, considerarem els "Principis per a la protecció dels malalts mentals" adoptats per l'Assemblea General de les Nacions Unides el 17/12/1991, així com els sistemes internacionalment vigents de Classificació en Salut Mental. La nostra hipòtesi de treball descansa també en les idees sobre la performativitat desenvolupades per Judith Butler (AU)

Kenyan Religious Leaders' Views on Same-Sex Sexuality and Gender Nonconformity: Religious Freedom versus Constitutional Rights.

Religion plays an important role in framing the public discourse on sexuality, especially in countries where religion fully permeates social life. We explored the perspectives of Kenyan religious leaders on sexual and gender diversity in their country's specific context. A total of 212 Catholic, Islamic, and Protestant leaders from urban centers and rural townships completed a self-administered questionnaire specifically developed for this study. The leaders' perspectives were predominantly negative. Limited acceptance was conditional on sexual minorities not engaging in same-sex practices or seeing such practices as sinful. A substantial minority (37%) endorsed the use of violence for maintaining social values, especially regarding homosexuality and gender nonconformity. The majority of religious leaders agreed on the difference between civil law and religious doctrine. Human rights principles enshrined in Kenya's Constitution were considered to be applicable to sexual and gender minorities. Decriminalization of same-sex sexuality was seen as against one's religion. Perspectives were less negative if leaders were familiar with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons. Interventions that promote intergroup contact could be effective in changing religious leaders' mind-sets and advancing human rights and health for sexual and gender minorities.

Queer Pedagogies Out of Place and Time: Redrawing the Boundaries of Youth, Sexual and Gender Difference, and Education.

For this contribution to the "Cartographies" section of the special issue on "Mapping Queer Bioethics," the author focuses on the concept of spatialized time as made material in the location of historical places, in particular as it relates to a reconsideration of approaches to Australian queer/LGBT youth education. Accordingly, the author employs historical maps as illustrative examples of spatialized time, reflecting on the relationships between historical knowledge and queer youth education.

Mapping Queer Bioethics: Space, Place, and Locality.

This article, which introduces the special issue of the Journal of Homosexuality on "Mapping Queer Bioethics," begins by offering an overview of the analytical scope of the issue. Specifically, the first half of this essay raises critical questions central to the concept of a space-related queer bioethics, such as: How do we appreciate and understand the special needs of queer parties given the constraints of location, space, and geography? The second half of this article describes each feature article in the issue, as well as the subsequent special sections on the ethics of reading literal, health-related maps ("Cartographies") and scrutinizing the history of this journal as concerns LGBT health ("Mapping the Journal of Homosexuality").

Hopeless Cases: Queer Chronicities and Gertrude Stein's "Melanctha".

For this contribution to the special issue on "Mapping Queer Bioethics," the author offers a reflection on the nature of the literary, written word as the ethically fraught site of queer bioethics. By invoking the historical tendencies and tropes of the clinical case history alongside a seminal text by Gertrude Stein, the author at once asks if we should liberate a queer bioethics from biomedical discourse via mainstream narrative; or if we should see this strategy as unavoidably housed in narrative forms of storytelling because it echoes the tropes and stakes of the clinical, pathologized case history as regards queer sensibilities.

The Body as a Site of Gender-Related Distress: Ethical Considerations for Gender Variant Youth in Clinical Settings.

The present article maps out understandings about embodied distress among gender-nonconforming youth. Feminist bioethics and queer-inflected clinical perspectives are used to inform thinking about ethical, nonpathologizing health care in the case of gender-related distress. Specific attention is directed at self-harming among gender variant and trans youth. This is contextualized in relation to the role that self-harm plays for some LGBT youth, where it may be seen as a rite of passage or as reasonable and inevitable way of coping. The particular complexities of self-harm among trans youth seeking clinical intervention are examined. Queer bioethics is proposed as potentially facilitating productive uncertainty with regard to the diverse imagined futures of gender variant and trans youth.

De la necesidad, de la posibilidad, de la autorrealización, de la orientación sexual y de ser padres y madres / No disponible

No disponible

[Being a family today - ethics for assisted reproductive techniques]. / Faire famille aujourd'hui : une éthique de l'Assistance médicale à la procréation.

Currently in France, all the children born as a result of an assisted reproduction procedure, represent 2.5% of all births. Although this proportion is not high, it is not to be neglected, particularly with regard to the sociological issues raised by assisted reproduction technologies (ART) - i.e. removing anonymity of gamete donation, post mortem insemination, ART access to single women and gay couples, surrogacy - to name four of the most prominent debates. What is new with ART is that a new therapeutic target of medicine is being developed, in other words procreation. Now it is no longer necessary for a man and a woman to resort to sex to have a child. This is a profound questioning of the representation of what appeared to be intangible, with some sort of divine aura. How, in this context, developing an ethics for ART? From a fethnographic field survey, we show here how this ethos of ART develops and how, therefore, we consider the multiple ways of being a family today.

Sexually transmitted diseases: reflections on metaphors and ethics.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are probably the most tabooed diseases we know. The taboos and the related stigmata shape patients reality and influence significantly health care policies, medical research, and actual problems in medical ethics. To better understand these complex influences of ancient but still powerful taboos, related metaphors associated with illness and disease are analyzed according to their historical development and actual impact on society. It becomes obvious that research and health care policies cannot be satisfyingly successful in helping people affected by STDs as long as they do not take the mechanisms of taboos and associated metaphors into account.

Atención ginecológica a mujeres lesbianas / Gynecological treatment of gay women

La consulta ginecológica debe constar de una entrevista inicial en donde se actualizará la historia clínica de la consultante, una exploración física, toma de muestras o prescripción de análisis-cuando son requeridos para el diagnóstico- y una conclusión en donde él o la especialista emite las recomendaciones pertinentes para corregir o preservar la salud. Cuando las mujeres son lesbianas, el modelo actual de atención ginecológica puede no siempre resultar acorde a sus necesidades específicas.

Taking up the cudgels against gay rights? Trends and trajectories in African Christian theologies on homosexuality.

Against the background of the HIV epidemic and the intense public controversy on homosexuality in African societies, this article investigates the discourses of academic African Christian theologians on homosexuality. Distinguishing some major strands in African theology, that is, inculturation, liberation, women's and reconstruction theology, the article examines how the central concepts of culture, liberation, justice, and human rights function in these discourses. On the basis of a qualitative analysis of a large number of publications, the article shows that stances of African theologians are varying from silence and rejection to acceptance. Although many African theologians have taken up the cudgels against gay rights, some "dissident voices" break the taboo and develop more inclusive concepts of African identity and African Christianity.

Homofobia y/o ser enfermero: primer Evento Científico de Violencia, segundo trimestre del año 2009, Pinar del Río / Homophobia and/or to be a male nurse: first Scientific Event of Violence on the second quarter of 2009, Pinar del Rio

La homofobia significa un terror irracional e injustificado hacia a los homosexuales y la homosexualidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, a un grupo determinado de hombres del municipio de Pinar del Río con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la homofobia en cuanto a los enfermeros homosexuales, durante el segundo trimestre del año 2009. El universo estuvo constituido por 147 hombres del municipio de Pinar del Río, a los cuales se le aplicó una encuesta, la muestra fue de 100 hombres seleccionados por el método estadístico al azar simple, lo que indica que se encuesto el 68,02 por ciento, obteniéndose los siguientes resultados, el 100 por ciento de los encuestados si conocen que es la homofobia, el 77 por ciento de los encuestados si sienten rechazo por los homosexuales, la totalidad de los encuestados no consideran que todos los enfermeros sean homosexuales, un 29 por ciento consideran que el trabajo de los enfermeros homosexuales es mejor, y el 70 por ciento de los encuestados opinan que la mayoría de los enfermeros que optan por su profesión tienen orientación por personas de su mismo sexo...(AU)

Homophobia means an irrational and unjustified fear to homosexuals and homosexuality. A descriptive study was conducted to a determined group of men in Pinar del Rio municipality. This research was aimed at reflecting on homophobia regarding male homosexual nurses during the second quarter of 2009. The target group included 147 men in Pinar del Rio municipality, this group was polled. The sample was comprised of 100 men chosen at a simple random, which indicated that 68, 02 per cent were surveyed, results showed that: 100 per cent knew what homophobia was, 77 per cent felt aversion to homosexuals, the totality of those polled did not consider all male nurses were homosexuals, 29 per cent considered male homosexual nurses performed their job better, and 70 per cent expressed the opinion that the majority of the male choosing nursing profession experience same-sex attraction...(AU)

Preconceito contra homossexuais e representações sociais da homossexualidade em seminaristas católicos e evangélicos / Prejudice against homosexuals and social representations of homosexuality of catholic and evangelic seminarians

Este trabalho analisa as relações entre o preconceito contra os homossexuais e as representações sociais sobre a homossexualidade. Trata-se de um estudo correlacional com 374 estudantes de teologia (207 evangélicos e 167 católicos) que responderam um questionário sobre crenças e atitudes em relação aos homossexuais. Os resultados indicam duas formas de expressão do preconceito: sutil e flagrante. O preconceito sutil está relacionado com a crença numa natureza biológica e psicossocial e com a descrença numa representação ético-moral da homossexualidade. O preconceito flagrante está relacionado com a descrença na natureza biológica e psicossocial e com uma representação ético-moral. A hipótese de que as representações sociais sobre a natureza dos grupos minoritários estão na base do preconceito e da discriminação é corroborada.

This study analyzes the relationship between prejudice against homosexuals and social representations about homosexuality. Participants were 374 theology students (167 catholic and 207 evangelic) who individually answered a questionnaire about beliefs and attitudes toward homosexuals. Results allowed to identify two forms of prejudice: Subtle and blatant. The subtle prejudice is related to biological and psychosocial representations about homosexuality and to the disbelief in an ethical and moral nature of homosexuality. The blatant prejudice is related with the disbelief in a biological and psychosocial nature as well as with ethical and moral representations about homosexuality. In the discussion it is argued that social representations about the nature of minority groups can form the basis of prejudice and discrimination.