'Believes the devil has changed him'. religion and patient identity in Ashburn Hall, Dunedin, 1882-1910.

This article addresses asylum patients 'expressions of Christian religious identity in New Zealand's only private asylum, Ashburn Hall, Dunedin, New Zealand, between 1882 and 1910. Religion remains an area that has been under-examined by historians of the asylum. A significant minority of patients admitted to Ashburn Hall turned to religion to interpret their surroundings, express their feelings, or assert their identity within the space of the asylum. For those allowed out of the asylum to attend their own denominational services, religion also opened up a community other than the forced community of the asylum. The recurrence of religious language, delusions, and observance in patient case notes suggests the importance of Christianity in patients' lives and their experiences of the asylum.

The general NFP hospital model.

Throughout the past 30 years, there has been a lot of controversy surrounding the proliferation of new forms of health care delivery organizations that challenge and compete with general NFP community hospitals. Traditionally, the health care system in the United States has been dominated by general NFP (NFP) voluntary hospitals. With the number of for-profit general hospitals, physician-owned specialty hospitals, and ambulatory surgical centers increasing, a question arises: "Why is the general NFP community hospital the dominant model?" In order to address this question, this paper reexamines the history of the hospital industry. By understanding how the "general NFP hospital" model emerged and dominated, we attempt to explain the current dominance of general NFP hospitals in the ever changing hospital industry in the United States.

[The state and the for-profit hospital in Quebec, 1961-1975: a disappointing experience of partnership]. / L'etat et l'hôpital a but lucratif au Québec, 1961-1975: une expérience décevante de partenariat.

In 1961, public hospital insurance created a new form of public-private partnership in Quebec by paying for care given in for-profit (proprietary) hospitals. How did it work? How did for-profit hospitals deal with governmental norms and regulations? Why and how was the door closed on the development of for-profit hospitals after a few years of experimentation? On the whole, this partnership proved to be chaotic and inefficient, plagued by endless negotiations. During the seventies, the government appears finally to have concluded that the partnership was not worthwhile. Public-private partnership in the hospital sector, then, existed well before the federal initiatives but has been largely forgotten, despite the reappearance of similar debates.

The treatment of Philadelphia inebriates. From temperance reform to "secret cure".

Preventive education in the United States about the dangers of alcohol had failed to create a temperate society by 1840. But in that year, interest in medical treatment of the "habitual drunkard" rekindled in Philadelphia. It was the year an organization of reformed drunkards revitalized American temperance societies by emphasizing practical concern for the inebriate. The author describes Philadelphia's treatment of alcoholics from 1840 through the beginning of the 20th century, when entrepreneurs were marketing secret cures.