Estereótipos masculinos e femininos em professores de educaçäo física / Male and female stereotypes in physical education teachers

Considerando que a literatura especializada aponta influência dos estereótipos na percepçäo e no julgamento que as pessoas fazem dos outros e da sociedade, o propósito deste trabalho foi estudar estereótipos masculinos e femininos em professores de Educaçäo Física. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza ex-post-facto, envolvendo 407 professores de Educaçäo Física de ambos os sexos que exercem suas funçöes em escolas de 1§ e 2§ graus da rede oficial de ensino, na cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário constituído de duas partes: uma, com dados pessoais e informaçöes relativas à docência; outra, contendo uma escala de 5 pontos tipo Likert, com 30 adjetivos, através da qual os sujeitos julgaram a adequaçäo de cada um dos adjetivos aos alunos do sexo masculino e do feminino. O tratamento utilizado foi a análise de variância univariada e multivariada. O processamento, a análise e o relatório estatístico foram feitos no Laboratório de Estatística Aplicada da Universidade Federal de Säo Carlos-SP. Houve uma hipótese norteadora denominada hipótese central, e nove hipóteses complementares relativas às variáveis de informaçöes pessoais e de docência dos sujeitos. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese central evidenciando a presença de esterotipia masculina e feminina. Os resultados também apontaram os adjetivos nos quais os professores divergiram de opiniäo. As hipóteses complementares näo confirmaram as suposiçöes na sua totalidade. O estudo sugere que seja repensada a questäo do papael sexual discriminado através das atividades físicas, e propöe uma introduçäo de conteúdos curriculares que alertem par a questäo da estereotipia na prática da Educaçäo Física

A interpretaçäo e o fantasma na homossexuaçäo / The interpretation and the sexual identity in homossexuality

A temática nuclear da tese é a evidência teorética-clínica da cura do sintoma histérico através do eixo transferência-interpretaçäo da análise. A cura advén dos efeitos da construçäo do fantasma fundamental do sujeito que acede ao discurso da homossexuaçäo ou ao discurso do traço perverso através do resgate do significante da castraçäo. A exposiçäo da análise segue a linha mestra do fantasma que pretende responder à questäo da identificaçäo sexual do sujeito: "o que é ser homem?" e "o que é ser mulher?". A questäo da identidade sexual do sujeito é também ligada à diferenciaçäo entre o gozo feminino e o gozo masculino, a qual é cosntruída na cifra do sintoma da metáfora histérica, que será decifrada através da interpretaçäo. O processo da cura será feito pelo deslocamento da encarnaçäo compulsiva do masoquismo feminino obsceno (o excesso do sentido do sujeito), suporte da prática do fantasma na vida sexual e social. Esta tese evidencia, através do material clínico, a hipótese de que a análise do sintoma era feita pela construçäo do fantasma, onde a interpretaçäo operou sobre a cifra do sintoma e sobre o gozo sexual, destituindo o mito do objeto da paixäo neurótica

Sexual activity and temperament in Polish transsexuals.

Two groups of 23 female-to-male and 14 male-to-female transsexuals were compared to a representative sample of Polish controls along following dimensions: (i) temperamental features including reactivity and mobility of nervous processes, as measured by Strelau's Temperament Inventory; and (ii) patterns of sexual activity, measured with Dulko's Questionnaire for Measurement of Transsexualism. Transsexuals were found to resemble respective controls on temperamental dimensions according to their sense of gender identity and not their somatic sex. Male-to-female transsexuals were more similar to control females than to control males and the reverse was true for female-to-male subjects. With respect to forms of sexual activity, transsexuals, particularly the female-to-male, were found to have a relatively versatile erotic life. Both groups experienced more dreams with erotic content than respective controls. However, they also manifested fewer successes at satisfying their erotic needs.

Psychosocial differences between Dutch male and female transsexuals.

One-hundred sixty-eight male and 55 female transsexuals, in hormonal treatment at the Gender Foundation in Amsterdam, were compared with respect to psychosocial characteristics. Results indicated that females more frequently had displayed cross-gender behavior during childhood than males, that they cross-dressed more often, and that, contrary to males, none had married in her anatomical sex. Females also applied for surgical gender reassignment at an earlier age than did males. More of the females lived in a stable relationship with a partner of their own biological sex. Relations with the parental home were better for females than for males, and the former were more often employed or enrolled in a study. No significant differences existed with respect to psychiatric treatment, substance abuse, or attempted suicides. It is concluded that unambiguous cross-gender behavior is more common in female than in male transsexuals and that the social conditions of the female are more satisfactory. However, a relatively high incidence of psychiatric treatment and attempted suicides indicates severe psychological problems in both the male and female groups.

The aging gender dysphoria (transsexual) patient.

Ten aging gender dysphoria patients (eight men and two women, average age 52 years) were the subjects of this study. All had presented to the Gender Identity Clinic at Case Western Reserve University requesting sex-reassignment surgery. A psychiatric-psychological profile of the patients, their sexual functioning, problems with aging, diagnostic issues, and follow-up are discussed. The aging gender dysphoric patient presents in acute crisis, that is, exhibiting marked depression, increased suicidal ideation and behavior, and urgent perception of time. Diagnostic and treatment recommendations for aging gender dysphoria patients and their depressions are provided. Furthermore, guidelines are suggested for differentiating the aging transvestite with transsexual symptoms and the aging transsexual for whom sex-reassignment surgery may be indicated. Specific treatment strategies for an aging population, including sexual surgery, are also discussed.

Components of sexual identity.

This paper examines the four components of sexual identity: biological sex, gender identity, social sex-role, and sexual orientation. Theories about the development of each component and how they combine and conflict to form the individual's sexual identity are discussed. As defined here, social sex-role includes the individual's femininity and masculinity. Sexual orientation includes the individual's physical and affectional sexual preferences for relationships with members of the same and/or opposite biological sex. This paper may help to clarify meanings of the following terms used in research on sexual identity; sex, gender, femininity, masculinity, heterosexuality, and homosexuality.