Association of sleep quality on the night of operative day with postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances in the peri-operative period have been associated with adverse outcomes, including postoperative delirium (POD). However, research on sleep quality during the immediate postoperative period is limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep quality on the night of the operative day assessed using the Sleep Quality Numeric Rating Scale (SQ-NRS), and the incidence of POD in a large cohort of surgical patients. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary hospital in China. PATIENTS: This study enrolled patients aged 65 years or older undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. The participants were categorised into the sleep disturbance and no sleep disturbance groups according to their operative night SQ-NRS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was delirium incidence, whereas the secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury, stroke, pulmonary infection, cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality within 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: In total, 3072 patients were included in the analysis of this study. Among them, 791 (25.72%) experienced sleep disturbances on the night of operative day. Patients in the sleep disturbance group had a significantly higher risk of developing POD (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.82, P  = 0.005). Subgroup analysis revealed that age 65-75 years; male sex; ASA III and IV; haemoglobin more than 12 g l -1 ; intra-operative hypotension; surgical duration more than 120 min; and education 9 years or less were significantly associated with POD. No interaction was observed between the subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the secondary outcomes, such as acute kidney injury, stroke, pulmonary infection, cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality within 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The poor subjective sleep quality on the night of operative day was independently associated with increased POD risk, especially in certain subpopulations. Optimising peri-operative sleep may reduce POD. Further research should investigate potential mechanisms and causal relationships. TRIAL REGISTRY: chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR1900028545.

[Pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis]. / Physiopathologie des vascularites primitives des gros vaisseaux.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TA) are two granulomatous vasculitis affecting large arteries that present specific epidemiological and clinical features. Their pathogenesis is not fully understood but major advances have been obtained during the last years, thus allowing the emergence of new therapeutic strategies. GCA and TA develop on a specific genetic background but share some similarities regarding the immunological pathways involved in their pathogenesis. The trigger of these diseases is not clearly identified but it is thought that an infectious agent could activate and lead to the maturation of dendritic cells that are localized in the adventitia of arteries. Then, the cells of the adaptative immune response are recruited and activated: CD4 T cells that polarize into Th1 and Th17 cells, cytotoxic CD8 T cells and Natural Killer cells. Furthermore, the T regulatory cells (Treg) are decreased both in GCA and TA. Humoral immune response seems also to be involved, especially in TA. Then, the cytokines produced by T lymphocytes (especially IL-17 and IFN-γ) trigger the recruitment and activation of monocytes and their differentiation into macrophages and multinuclear giant cells that produce IL-1ß and IL-6 that are responsible for general symptoms of GCA and TA, and cytotoxic mediators and growth factors that trigger the remodeling of the arterial wall leading to aneurysms and ischemic manifestations of GCA an TA.

Importância do atendimento odontológico em pacientes portadores de marcapasso e cardiodesfibrilador implantãvel / Importance of dental care in patients with pacemaker and implantable defibrilator

A relação entre infecção orais, bacteremia e infecções sistêmicas é um fato já estabelecida. Entretanto, a afirmação de que os micro-organismos orais são responsáveis por infecções secundárias em dipositivos cardíacos, como marcapasso e cardiodesfibriladores implantáveis, ainda é pouco citada na literatura. Sabe-se que não só em procedimentos odontológicos invasivos pode ocorrer esse tipo de manifestação. Ações rotineiras, como mastigação e higienização oral. Também são passíveis de provocar bacteremia e mesmo a instalação de doenças. Alguns fatores, como a quantidade de bactérias que penetram na corrente sanguínea, bem como seu potencial de patogenicidade parecem estar relacionados a fatores locais, como presença de infecção oral (biofilme, cárie, doença periodontal, infecções orais agudas). O objetivo dessa revisão é abotrdar a presença de infecções a bacteremia em portadores de marcapasso e cardiodesfibrilador implantável e sua relação com micro- organismos presentes na cavidade oral. Os métodos utilizadps foram busacas em banco de dados eletrônicos, como LILACS e MEDLINE/PubMed, e inspeção manual dos artigos. Apesar do vasto acervo de relatos sobre a presença de infecções...

Complicaciones clínicas de un electrodo Sprint Fidelis / Clinical complications with the Sprint Fidelis electrode

Se presenta el caso de un paciente que ingresa a nuestro servicio presentando terapias inapropiadas e infección del bolsillo, posterior al implante de un desfibrilador automático implantable con un electrodo Sprint Fidelis 6949 en estado de alerta del fabricante...

A case of a patient who was admitted to our department with inappropriate therapies and infection of the pocket, after implantation of an implantable defibrillator with a Sprint Fidelis 6949 electrode on alert of the manufacturer...

Alteraciones cardiacas en pacientes seropositivos a la infección chagásica en Panamá / Cardiac disease in seropositive chagasic patients in Panama

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Myocarditis: basic and clinical aspects.

Myocarditis represents a heterogeneous final common pathway for myocardial inflammation of diverse etiologies and accounts for up to one-third of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathophysiology of viral myocarditis can be disaggregated into the effects of direct viral mediated injury, triggered acute and chronic autoimmune responses, and subsequent adverse remodeling. Recent research highlights the pathogenic role of persistent viral genome expression, Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1, and antimyosin autoantibodies in the evolution of chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure. Recent refinements in endomyocardial biopsy evaluation, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cytokine assays augment existing diagnostic modalities. Novel specific immunosuppressive targets aimed at interrupting myocyte injury and apoptosis, including interferon-beta seem promising to date in small clinical studies performed on selected patients.

Bacterial pericarditis and tamponade due to nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae complicating a case of adult community-acquired pneumonia.

We report a case of bacterial pericarditis in an immunologically competent adult female caused by nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae) that was complicated by the acute development of life-threatening pericardial tamponade. H influenzae is a gram-negative coccobacillus, a pathogen most frequently associated with childhood exanthema (otitis media, meningitis) and, less frequently, adult pneumonia. Encapsulated, type b, or typable H influenzae is the strain implicated in childhood infections. On the other hand, nonencapsulated or nontypable H influenzae is the specific strain most often associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive airway disease. Bacterial pericarditis caused by either subtype of H influenzae is exceedingly rare. We have located only 15 previously reported cases of H influenzae pericarditis occurring in adults in the world medical literature, the majority of which date back to the pre-antibiotic era. In 12 of these 15 cases (the only cases in which typing could be accomplished), the encapsulated strain of H influenzae was cultured from the pericardial fluid. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, we are reporting here the first case of bacterial pericarditis caused by nonencapsulated H influenzae in an immunologically competent adult.