Nuevos virus respiratorios emergentes y convencionales detectados en secreciones nasofaríngeas, Bayamo 2010-2011 / New respiratory, emergent and conventional viruses detected in nasopharyngeal secretions. Bayamo, 2010-2011

Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas constituyen un importante problema de salud pública, en este caso reconocidas como la principal causa de morbilidad pediátrica y frecuente motivo de utilización de los servicios de salud. Objetivo: Identificar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las infecciones producidas por los nuevos virus respiratorios emergentes y convencionales en las muestras de secreciones nasofaríngeas. Método: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, en niños menores de 15 años ingresados en el hospital pediátrico docente Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo de Bayamo, Granma, en el periodo comprendido del 1ro de Diciembre del 2010 al 31 de diciembre del año 2011. El universo estuvo constituido por 144 pacientes con el diagnóstico de Infección Respiratoria Aguda, con toma de exudado nasofaríngeo y la muestra 119 casos con aislamientos virales positivos. Resultados: Predominó el grupo de edad 1 a 4 años con un 47,08 por ciento, y el sexo masculino con 55,46 por ciento. Las neumonías y bronconeumonías resultaron los diagnósticos más frecuentes con 28 y 26 casos respectivamente. Los virus respiratorios emergentes encontrados en las muestras fueron los metapneumovirus y el bocavirus Humano con 12 casos cada uno de ellos. Conclusiones: Los niños menores de 5 años, con diagnósticos de neumonías, bronconeumonías y rinofaringitis aguda catarral fueron los más afectados. El virus de la Influenza A H1N1 y los rinovirus se aislaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de 1 a 4 años y el virus sincitial respiratorio en los menores de un año.(AU)

The Acute Respiratory Infections constitute an important problem of public health, in this case they are recognized like the main cause of pediatric morbility and the frequent reason for its application in health services. Objective: To identify the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the infections produced by the new respiratory, emergent and conventional viruses in the samples of nasopharyngeal secretions. Method: it was realized a descriptive, epidemiologic study in children under 15 years, hospitalized in General Luis Ángel Milanés Tamayo Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Bayamo, Granma, in the period between December 1rst, 2010 to December 31, 2011. The universe was constituted by 144 patients with the diagnostic of Acute Respiratory Infection, with nasopharyngeal exudates and the sample had 119 cases with positive viral isolations. Results: The group of age between 1 to 4 years with 47, 08 per cent and the male sex with 55, 46 per cent prevailed. The pneumonias and Bronchopneumonias were the most frequent diagnostics with 28 and 26 cases. The emergent respiratory viruses found in the samples were the Metapneumovirus and the Human Bocavirus with 12 cases each one. Conclusions: The children under 5 years with diagnostics of pneumonias, Bronchopneumonias and the Acute Catarrhal Rhinopharyngitis were the most affected. The virus of the Influenza A H1N1 and the Rhinovirus isolated with greater frequency in the group of 1 to 4 years and the Respiratory Sincitial virus in children under a year.(EU)

Detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus 3 in dual-purpose farms in Colima, Mexico.

A cross-sectional study was carried out, from November 2007 to March 2008, to estimate the prevalence of and to determine risk factors associated with bovine syncytial respiratory virus (BRSV) and parainfluenza 3 virus (PIV3) in dual-purpose herds in Colima, México. One hundred and seventy-six sera from 33 herds for PIV3 and 232 sera from 44 herds for BRSV were used. Sera were analyzed by indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against BRSV and PIV3 in cattle herds to determine the seroprevalence of respiratory diseases. The apparent and true prevalences for PIV3 were 60.8% and 54.4% and for BRSV 52.2% and 50.8%, respectively. The percentage of herds showing at least one positive animal was 78.7% for PIV3, and 93.2% for BRSV. Age (≤ 12, 13-48, and >48 months old) and respiratory signs (no, yes) showed significant association (P < 0.05) with PIV3 and age with BRSV. This study showed that animals were exposed to both viruses and that age was the main risk factor. The need to establish new vaccination plans to effectively protect cattle against those infections in the state of Colima, Mexico is suggested.

Prevalence of and risk factors for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds in Ecuador.

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in non-vaccinated dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds from Ecuador. A total of 2,367 serum samples from 346 herds were collected from June 2008 to February 2009. A questionnaire, which included variables related to cattle, health, management measures, and the environment, was filled out in each herd. Presence of antibodies against BRSV was analyzed using a commercial indirect ELISA test. A logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with BRSV at herd level. The individual seroprevalence against BRSV in non-vaccinated herds in Ecuador was 80.48% [1,905/2,367; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 78.9-82.1]. The herd prevalence was 91.3% (316/346; 95% CI = 88.3-94.3), and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 25% and 100% (mean, 90.47%). The logistic regression model showed that the existence of bordering cattle farms, the dual-purpose farms, and the altitude of the farm (more than 2,338 m above sea level) were risk factors associated with BRSV infection. This is the first study about BRSV prevalence in Ecuador. It shows the wide spread of the BRSV infection in the country. The risk factors found will help to design effective control strategies.