Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking of a new class of indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines as dual AChE and SERT ligands for Alzheimer's disease.

During the last decade, the one drug-one target strategy has resulted to be inefficient in facing diseases with complex ethiology like Alzheimer's disease and many others. In this context, the multitarget paradigm has emerged as a promising strategy. Based on this consideration, we aim to develop novel molecules as promiscuous ligands acting in two or more targets at the same time. For such purpose, a new series of indolylpropyl-piperazinyl oxoethyl-benzamido piperazines were synthesized and evaluated as multitarget-directed drugs for the serotonin transporter (SERT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The ability to decrease ß-amyloid levels as well as cell toxicity of all compounds were also measured. In vitro results showed that at least four compounds displayed promising activity against SERT and AChE. Compounds 18 and 19 (IC50 = 3.4 and 3.6 µM respectively) exhibited AChE inhibition profile in the same order of magnitude as donepezil (DPZ, IC50 = 2.17 µM), also displaying nanomolar affinity in SERT. Moreover, compounds 17 and 24 displayed high SERT affinities (IC50 = 9.2 and 1.9 nM respectively) similar to the antidepressant citalopram, and significant micromolar AChE activity at the same time. All the bioactive compounds showed a low toxicity profile in the range of concentrations studied. Molecular docking allowed us to rationalize the binding mode of the synthesized compounds in both targets. In addition, we also show that compounds 11 and 25 exhibit significant ß-amyloid lowering activity in a cell-based assay, 11 (50% inhibition, 10 µM) and 25 (35% inhibition, 10 µM). These results suggest that indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines based compounds constitute promising leads for a multitargeted approach for Alzheimer's disease.

Synthesis and biological screening of novel indolalkyl arenes targeting the serotonine transporter.

A series of functionalized indolylalkylarenes 3-16(a and b) were synthesized and their affinities for the serotonin transporter were investigated in vitro. Compounds 3-12(a and b) were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonates 2(a and b) with a series of azaheterocycles. Compounds 14-16(a and b) were prepared in a two-step sequence by reaction of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-methylpropanal with substituted 1,2-phenylenediamines. Compounds 3b, 4b, and 5b showed good binding affinities (K(i) = 33.0, 48.0, and 17 nM, respectively). The other synthesized compounds showed moderate or no affinity in the binding studies.

Síncope neurocardiogênica e exercício / Neurocardiogenic syncope and exercise

A síncope neurocardiogênica acomete, na grande maioria das vezes, pessoas jovens, aparentemente normais, e que, com a recorrência de sintomas, passam a apresentar limitações quanto às atividades de vida diária e profissional. O tratamento convencional, realizado com bases nas medidas gerais(aumento da ingestão de líquidos, evitar situações desencadeantes e outras), e drogas, como beta-bloqueadores, fludrocortisona e inibidores de recaptação de serotonina, nem sempre é eficaz em diminuir a frequência e a intensidade dos episódios sincopais. Cada vez mais, buscam-se, em todo o mundo, medidas de caráter não farmacológico para minimizar a ocorrência de sintomas. Nesse aspecto, e com base na fisiopatologia das síncopes neuromediadas, recursos como o Tilt training e o treinamento físico apresentam-se como alternativa para abordagem, visto à maior aceitabilidade dos mesmos por parte dos pacientes, relutantes muitas vezes em fazer uso de medicação. Esse artigo busca, através de extensa revisão bibliográfica, discorrer sobre os diversos aspectos do exercício, relacionado-os à fisiopatologia e ao tratamento da síncope neurocardiogênica