Oclusão da artéria central da retina por embolia gordurosa após injeção facial de gordura autóloga / Central retinal artery occlusion by fat embolism after facial autologous fat injection

RESUMO Com o crescimento da indústria cosmética global, a busca pela estética e pelo rejuvenescimento impulsionou o aumento de procedimentos estéticos. A gordura autóloga é o tipo de preenchimento mais comum e mais grave relacionado à cegueira iatrogênica. A oclusão iatrogênica da artéria oftálmica é uma complicação rara (mas devastadora) das injeções de preenchimento facial. Embora diversos tratamentos tenham sido relatados e propostos, até o momento não há eficácia comprovada. Na identificação da oclusão de artéria central da retina, o tempo é de fundamental importância para o prognóstico visual do paciente. Os resultados, em geral, são insatisfatórios, e há pouca ou nenhuma evidência favorável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou oclusão de artéria central da retina após procedimento cosmético com gordura autóloga em região nasolabial.

ABSTRACT The global cosmetic industry growth and the desire for aesthetics and rejuvenation have increased the aesthetic procedures. Autologous fat is the most common and most serious type of filling related to iatrogenic blindness. Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery is a rare but devastating complication of facial filler injections. Although several treatments have been reported and proposed, to date there is no proven efficacy. In identifying central retinal artery occlusion, timing is crucial to the patient's visual prognosis. The results, in general, are unsatisfactory and there is little or no favorable evidence. This paper aimed to report the case of a patient who presented central retinal artery occlusion after a cosmetic procedure with autologous fat in the nasolabial region.

Visual loss following cosmetic facial filler injection / Perda da visão após injeção de preenchimento facial para fins cosméticos

ABSTRACT Facial filler injection for soft-tissue augmentation, wrinkle reduction, and rejuvenation has recently become increasingly popular. This procedure is well accepted and widely performed because of its safety and excellent outcomes. However, complications may occur even in the most skilled hands. A 36-year-old female presented with immediate loss of vision in her right eye following the periocular injection of cosmetic hyaluronic acid facial filler into the glabellar region. The visual loss was accompanied by weakness of her left arm. Blindness may complicate cosmetic facial filler injection. The treating physician should have a firm knowledge of the facial vascular anatomy, and the patient should be aware of the potential blinding complications associated with facial filler injection.

RESUMO A injeção de preenchimento facial para o aumento de tecido mole, redução de rugas e rejuvenescimento tornou-se recentemente3 cada vez mais popular. Este procedimento é bem aceito e amplamente realizado devido à sua segurança e excelentes resultados. Porém, complicações podem ocorrer mesmo nas mãos mais habilidosas. Uma mulher de 36 anos apresentou perda da visão no seu olho direito imediatamente após uma injeção periocular de preenchimento facial à base de ácido hialurônico cosmético na região glabelar. A perda visual foi acompanhada de fraqueza no braço esquerdo. A cegueira pode ser uma complicação da injeção de preenchimento facial para fins cosméticos. O médico deve ter um sólido conhecimento da anatomia vascular da face e o paciente deve estar ciente das possíveis complicações associadas à injeção de preenchimento facial.

Visual loss following cosmetic facial filler injection.

Facial filler injection for soft-tissue augmentation, wrinkle reduction, and rejuvenation has recently become increasingly popular. This procedure is well accepted and widely performed because of its safety and excellent outcomes. However, complications may occur even in the most skilled hands. A 36-year-old female presented with immediate loss of vision in her right eye following the periocular injection of cosmetic hyaluronic acid facial filler into the glabellar region. The visual loss was accompanied by weakness of her left arm. Blindness may complicate cosmetic facial filler injection. The treating physician should have a firm knowledge of the facial vascular anatomy, and the patient should be aware of the potential blinding complications associated with facial filler injection.

Prevention of Fat Embolism in Fat Injection for Gluteal Augmentation, Anatomic Study in Fresh Cadavers.

INTRODUCTION: Liposuction is a popular surgical procedure. As in any surgery, there are risks and complications, especially when combined with fat injection. Case reports of fat embolism have described a possible explanation as the puncture and tear of gluteal vessels during the procedure, especially when a deep injection is planned. METHODS: A total of 10 dissections were performed in five fresh cadavers. Each buttocks was divided into four quadrants. We focused on the location where the gluteal vessels enter the muscle and the diameter of the vessels. Colorant at two different angles was injected (30° and 45°). We evaluated the relation of the colorant with the main vessels. RESULTS: We found two perforators per quadrant. The thickness of the gluteal muscle was 2.84 ± 1.54 cm. The area under the muscle where the superior gluteal vessels traverse the muscle was located 6.4 ± 1.54 cm from the intergluteal crease and 5.8 ± 1.13 cm from the superior border of the muscle. The inferior gluteal vessels were located 8.3 ± 1.39 cm from the intergluteal crease and 10 ± 2.24 cm from the superior border of the muscle. When we compared the fat injected at a 30° angle, the colorant stayed in the muscle. Using a 45° angle, the colorant was in contact with the superior gluteal artery and the sciatic nerve. No puncture or tear was observed in the vessels or the nerve. CONCLUSIONS: The location where the vessels come in contact with the muscle, which can be considered for fat injection, were located in quadrants 1 and 3. A 30° angle allows for an injection into the muscle without passing into deeper structures, unlike a 45° injection angle.

Reação tipo corpo estranho a preenchimento facial com poliamida / Foreign body reaction to polyamide filling in the face

O uso de substâncias para preenchimento dérmico é crescente, e o número de complicações devido à sua utilização, significativo. Neste trabalho, relatamos um caso de granulomas de corpo estranho após preenchimento facial com gel de poliamida, chamado AqualiftTM, produto não encontrável nas bases de dados da literatura científica. São discutidos aspectos clínicos, terapêuticos e histopatológicos. Faz-se uma advertência relativa ao uso desta substância.

Dermal fillers are increasingly used, and the number of complications due to their use is significant. In this work, we report the case of foreign body granulomas due to the facial injection of a polyamide gel, named AqualiftTM, a product not found in scientific literature databases. Clinical, therapeutic and hystopathological aspects are discussed. A warning is made, concerning the use of this substance.

Spontaneous reporting of adverse events following pandemic influenza A (H1N1) immunization in a reference center in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: This paper describes adverse events (AEs) temporally associated to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine observed in a reference center in São Paulo, Brazil, during a 2010 mass vaccination campaign. METHODS: A retrospective study involving persons who sought medical care for AEs following influenza vaccination. Data were retrieved from medical records, vaccine AE notification forms, and a computerized system for immunobiological registration. RESULTS: Sixty-six vaccinees sought medical care for AEs after immunization. The most frequent AEs were fever, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. No serious AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Few vaccinees spontaneously reported AEs to influenza A (H1N1) vaccine at this center.

Spontaneous reporting of adverse events following pandemic influenza A (H1N1) immunization in a reference center in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Introduction This paper describes adverse events (AEs) temporally associated to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine observed in a reference center in São Paulo, Brazil, during a 2010 mass vaccination campaign. Methods A retrospective study involving persons who sought medical care for AEs following influenza vaccination. Data were retrieved from medical records, vaccine AE notification forms, and a computerized system for immunobiological registration. Results Sixty-six vaccinees sought medical care for AEs after immunization. The most frequent AEs were fever, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. No serious AEs were reported. Conclusions Few vaccinees spontaneously reported AEs to influenza A (H1N1) vaccine at this center. .

Mesotherapy: a bibliographical review.

Intradermotherapy is a medical procedure introduced by Pistor in 1958 that consists in the application of intradermal injections of diluted pharmacological substances that are given directly into the region to be treated. There are reports of the use of intradermotherapy to treat painful diseases, skin diseases and unaesthetic conditions. Medical clinics have been recently offering the treatment of intradermotherapy, using the more popular name for this practice - mesotherapy. There is only scant scientific information about this subject published in periodicals indexed on MedLine. Only a few states rigorously pursue this method. Most indexed publications about this subject deal with the complications of this technique. Unaesthetic dermatoses have been a common complaint in dermatologic clinics, and it has become necessary to have scientific evidence to give to patients. Therefore, well-researched scientific studies about this technique are necessary to offer data to medical professionals that will clearly explain to patients both the benefits and the risks of these procedures. A bibliographical review was conducted and we verified the need for new studies with adequate methods to confirm the benefits of intradermotherapy as used in dermatologic treatment.

Mesoterapia: uma revisão bibliográfica / Mesotherapy: a bibliographical review

A intradermoterapia é um procedimento médico introduzido por Pistor, em 1958, e consiste na aplicação, diretamente na região a ser tratada, de injeções intradérmicas de substâncias farmacológicas muito diluídas. Esse método é capaz de estimular o tecido que recebe os medicamentos tanto pela ação da punctura quanto pela ação dos fármacos, e apregoa-se que sua vantagem é evitar o uso de medicação sistêmica. Há relatos da utilização da intradermoterapia para tratamento de doenças dolorosas, dermatoses e condições consideradas inestéticas. Atualmente, clínicas médicas oferecem esse tratamento, utilizando, porém, o nome mais popular para essa prática, mesoterapia. Há escassa informação científica sobre o tema publicada em periódicos indexados no MedLine e poucos estudos com metodologia mais rigorosa sobre a eficácia e o mecanismo de ação da via intradérmica. A maioria das publicações indexadas sobre esse tema versa sobre as complicações dessa técnica. As dermatoses inestéticas têm se tornado queixas frequentes nos consultórios dermatológicos, sendo necessário um embasamento científico para lidar com tais pacientes, os quais, muitas vezes, estão em busca das novidades mostradas através da mídia. Assim, há necessidade de estudos cientificamente bem conduzidos sobre essa técnica. Estes estudos deverão oferecer aos médicos elementos para esclarecer os pacientes sobre quais benefícios esperar e quais os riscos de tal abordagem. Desse modo, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto e constatou-se a necessidade de novos estudos com metodologia adequada para a confirmação dos benefícios da intradermoterapia como ferramenta útil no tratamento dermatológico.

Intradermotherapy is a medical procedure introduced by Pistor in 1958 that consists in the application of intradermal injections of diluted pharmacological substances that are given directly into the region to be treated. There are reports of the use of intradermotherapy to treat painful diseases, skin diseases and unaesthetic conditions. Medical clinics have been recently offering the treatment of intradermotherapy, using the more popular name for this practice - mesotherapy. There is only scant scientific information about this subject published in periodicals indexed on MedLine. Only a few states rigorously pursue this method. Most indexed publications about this subject deal with the complications of this technique. Unaesthetic dermatoses have been a common complaint in dermatologic clinics, and it has become necessary to have scientific evidence to give to patients. Therefore, well-researched scientific studies about this technique are necessary to offer data to medical professionals that will clearly explain to patients both the benefits and the risks of these procedures. A bibliographical review was conducted and we verified the need for new studies with adequate methods to confirm the benefits of intradermotherapy as used in dermatologic treatment.

Complicações tardias dos preenchimentos permanentes / Late complications of permanent fillers

Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento provoca a perda da gordura subcutânea e docolágeno dérmico resultando em depressões e sulcos na face. A demanda por preenchimentosdérmicos para restituição volumétrica tem aumentado. Os preenchimentos injetáveis devemser seguros, efetivos, de longa duração e com baixo índice de complicações. Método: Estudoretrospectivo realizado por meio de revisão dos registros médicos de serviço de referênciaem cirurgia plástica compreendendo o período de fevereiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2007.Foram analisadas as apresentações clínicas de procedimentos realizados em outros locais eos tratamentos para complicações tardias realizados na instituição. Resultados: Um total de31 pacientes foi avaliado, 28 do sexo feminino e 3 do sexo masculino, com idades variandoda terceira a sexta décadas. As apresentações clínicas mais prevalentes foram: reações imunológicastipo alergia, granulomas por corpo estranho e deformidades por deslocamento.Tratamento conservador foi a primeira escolha terapêutica, com administração sistêmicade corticóides e infiltrações locais de esteróides. Ressecções cirúrgicas foram indicadas emcasos selecionados. Conclusões: O presente estudo indica que injeções de preenchimentospermanentes podem causar complicações e deformidades de graus variáveis devendo seuuso ser cauteloso. O seguimento das complicações tardias mostra que o tratamento é longoe difícil, tanto para o paciente quanto para o cirurgião plástico.

Introduction: The aging process diminishes subcutaneous fat and dermic collagen resultingon depressions and sulcus on the face. The demand for dermal fillers to volumetric restitutionof the face has increased. Filler injections must be safe, effective, long-lasting and with lowcomplication rates. Method: Retrospective study performed through medical record reviewat a referral plastic surgery service from February 1999 to December 2007. The authorsanalyzed clinical presentations of procedures performed elsewhere and treatment of latecomplications at the institution. Results: 31 patients were studied, 28 were females and 3were males, their ages varied from third to the sixth decade. The most prevalent clinicalpresentations were: allergic reactions, foreign body reactions and deformities caused bymigration. Conservative treatment was the first clinical therapy, based on systemic corticoidtherapy and infiltration of local steroids. Surgical resections were indicated in selectedcases. Conclusions: The present study indicates that permanent filler injections can causecomplications and deformities, therefore injections must be performed in a precautiousmanner. The management of late complications shows that treatment is long and arduousboth to patient and plastic surgeon.

[Local complications in the skin related to the administration of insulin]. / Complicações locais na pele, relacionadas à aplicação de insulina.

Insulin administration is one of the important aspects in diabetes education. This study focuses on skin site complications related to insulin application. Fifty-one people with diabetes mellitus were interviewed at a private institution in São Paulo State. Results showed that hematomas were the most frequent complication and that they mainly resulted from the use of incorrect application techniques. It was concluded that health professionals must design effective strategies in order to provide safety to subjects and prevent skin complications.

Complicações após administração subcutânea de heparina de baixa dose: estudo de caso / Complications after applying subcutaneous heparin injections

Este estudo tem o objetivo de relatar o caso de uma paciente hospitalizada com complicações após aplicação de injeções subcutâneas de heparina. Depois de o consentimento informado ser fornecido pela paciente para a realização do estudo, deu-se início à entrevista e procedeu-se a tirada de fotografias acerca da lesão em questão. Entre as complicações apresentadas pela paciente, destaca-se: presença de nódulos, dor à palpação e hematoma ocupando os quadrantes inferiores direito e esquerdo do abdômen. Cuidados a serem observados quando da aplicação de injeções subcutâneas, enfocando mais específica ente aqueles referentes à heparina são discutidos a fim de evitar outros casos.