Case of concurrent benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the lung and retroperitoneum, with a focus on its etiology.

We report a rare, simultaneous occurrence of benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the lung and retroperitoneum in a 49-year-old woman who had previously undergone myomectomy at 35 years of age and hysterectomy at 45 years of age for multiple recurrences of histologically benign uterine leiomyomas. At 49 years of age, computed tomography-guided biopsy indicated benign metastasizing leiomyomas in the lung. In addition, a retroperitoneal leiomyoma was found that was resected along with both the ovaries via laparotomy. No sign or symptom of recurrence was observed 5 years later. The coexistence of benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the lung and retroperitoneum following surgery for conventional leiomyomas has rarely been reported. Further, the nature and etiology of benign metastasizing leiomyoma are still not well understood. This case is therefore worth reporting, and exploring its etiology is important.

Laparoscopic myomectomy focusing on the myoma pseudocapsule: technical and outcome reports.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to assess surgical complaints and reproductive outcomes of laparoscopic intracapsular myomectomies by a prospective observational study run in University affiliated hospitals. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2010, 235 women underwent subserous and intramural laparoscopic myomectomy of fibroids (4-10 cm in diameter) for indications of pelvic pain, menstrual disorders, a large growing myoma or infertility. The main outcome measures were post-surgical parameters, including complications, the need for subsequent surgery or symptomatic relief, resumption of normal life and reproductive outcome. RESULTS: Pelvic pain occurred in 27%, menorrhagia or metorrhagia in 21%, a large growing myoma in 10% and infertility in 42% of women. Single fibroids occurred in 51.9% of patients while 48.1% had multiple myomas. Of all patients, 58.2% had subserosal and 41.8% had intramural myomas. No laparoscopies were converted to laparotomy. In 3 years, 1.2% of patients had a second laparoscopic myomectomy for recurrent fibroids. The mean total operative laparoscopic time was 84 min (range 25-126 min), with mean blood loss of 118 ± 27.9 ml. By 48 h after surgery, 86.3% were discharged with no major post-operative complications. No late complications, such as bleeding, urinary tract infections or bowel lesions, occurred. Of the women who underwent myomectomy for infertility, 74% finally conceived. At term, 32.9% of patients underwent Caesarean section, 24.8% delivered by vacuum extractor and 42.2% had spontaneous deliveries. No case of uterine rupture occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Intracapsular subserous and intramural myomectomy saving the fibroid pseudocapsule showed few early and no late surgical complications, enhanced healing by preserving myometrial integrity and allowed a good fertility rate and delivery outcome. In young patients suffering fibroids, laparoscopic intracapsular myomectomy is a potential recommended surgical treatment.

Intake of fruit, vegetables, and carotenoids in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata.

BACKGROUND: US black women have higher rates of uterine leiomyomata (UL) and lower intakes of fruit and vegetables than do white women. Whether fruit and vegetable intake is associated with UL in black women has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association of dietary intake of fruit, vegetables, carotenoids, folate, fiber, and vitamins A, C, and E with UL in the Black Women's Health Study. DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, we followed 22,583 premenopausal women for incident UL (1997-2009). Diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires in 1995 and 2001. Cox regression was used to derive incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs for the association between each dietary variable (in quintiles) and UL. RESULTS: There were 6627 incident cases of UL diagnosed by ultrasonography (n = 4346) or surgery (n = 2281). Fruit and vegetable intake was inversely associated with UL (≥4 compared with <1 serving/d; IRR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P-trend = 0.03). The association was stronger for fruit (≥2 servings/d compared with <2 servings/wk; IRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98; P-trend = 0.07) than for vegetables (≥2 servings/d compared with <4 servings/wk: IRR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.05; P-trend = 0.51). Citrus fruit intake was inversely associated with UL (≥3 servings/wk compared with <1 serving/mo: IRR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00; P-trend = 0.01). The inverse association for dietary vitamin A (upper compared with lower quintiles: IRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97; P-trend = 0.01) appeared to be driven by preformed vitamin A (animal sources), not provitamin A (fruit and vegetable sources). UL was not materially associated with dietary intake of vitamins C and E, folate, fiber, or any of the carotenoids, including lycopene. CONCLUSION: These data suggest a reduced risk of UL among women with a greater dietary intake of fruit and preformed vitamin A.

Protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on surgically treated uterine leiomyomas: a multicentre case--control study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on uterine leiomyomas. DMPA has been widely used in Thailand for many years; uterine leiomyomas is the most common female tumour. DESIGN: A multicentre hospital-based case--control study. SETTING: University and regional hospitals. PATIENTS: Cases were all newly diagnosed patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas, who were admitted to eight hospitals in three regions of Thailand from January 1991 to June 1993. Three controls matched with cases by sex, age within five years and date of admission within three months were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Information on socio-demographic factors, personal and family history, current disease, reproductive and contraceptive history was collected from cases and controls by interview. RESULTS: There were 910 cases and 2709 controls. After univariate and unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated positively with uterine leiomyomas are tubal ligation, family history of uterine leiomyomas, higher education, obesity and abortion. In contrast, DMPA, use of oral contraceptives, higher parity and smoking are associated with a lower relative risk suggesting that they have a protective effect against uterine leiomyomas. This causative relation is further strengthened by the strong duration-response relation between DMPA and uterine leiomyomas. This protection may persist for more than 10 years after the last dose. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated a strong, duration dependent protective effect of DMPA against uterine leiomyomas.