Endocarditis infecciosa por Leuconostoc species / Infective endocarditis due to leuconostoc species

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A therapeutic benefit of daptomycin against glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive cocci bloodstream infections under neutropenia.

Antibiotic-resistant infections remain to be a major issue for all over the world. Although appropriate diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation are crucially important particularly in immunocompromised patients, selection of antibiotics without identification of causative bacteria is often challenging. A 44-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) under myelosuppression suffered from teicoplanin-resistant gram-positive cocci bacteremia. Taking severe neutropenia due to chemotherapy and glycopeptide-resistance into account, teicoplanin was empirically substituted with daptomycin, which led to prompt defervescence. This microorganism later turned out to be Leuconostoc lactis (L. Lactis), and daptmycin was continued to use based on antimicrobial susceptibility tests. As a result, empiric use of daptomycin successfully controlled glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive cocci bacteremia under neutropenia. This is the first report of daptomycin treatment for L. lactis bacteremia in a patient with AML under neutropenia. Our findings suggest that daptomycin would be a suitable treatment option for glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive cocci bloodstream infections, especially in myelosuppressive patients.

Leuconostoc spp. Associated with Root Rot in Sugar Beet and Their Interaction with Rhizoctonia solani.

Rhizoctonia root and crown rot is an important disease problem in sugar beet caused by Rhizoctonia solani and also shown to be associated with Leuconostoc spp. Initial Leuconostoc studies were conducted with only a few isolates and the relationship of Leuconostoc with R. solani is poorly understood; therefore, a more thorough investigation was conducted. In total, 203 Leuconostoc isolates were collected from recently harvested sugar beet roots in southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon during 2010 and 2012: 88 and 85% Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 6 and 15% L. pseudomesenteroides, 2 and 0% L. kimchi, and 4 and 0% unrecognized Leuconostoc spp., respectively. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, haplotype 11 (L. mesenteroides isolates) comprised 68 to 70% of the isolates in both years. In pathogenicity field studies with commercial sugar beet 'B-7', all Leuconostoc isolates caused more rot (P < 0.0001; α = 0.05) when combined with R. solani than when inoculated alone in both years. Also, 46 of the 52 combination treatments over the 2 years had significantly more rot (P < 0.0001; α = 0.05) than the fungal check. The data support the conclusion that a synergistic interaction leads to more rot when both Leuconostoc spp. and R. solani are present in sugar beet roots.

Leuconostoc sp. Meningitis in a Patient Treated with Rituximab for Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

We present a 64-year-old man who was treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemoimmunotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma and developed purulent meningitis, probably caused by Leuconostoc sp. The patient had severe hypogammaglobulinemia, which is a possible complication of rituximab therapy. To our knowledge and after reviewing the available medical literature, this is the first described case of purulent meningitis caused by Leuconostoc sp. in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma that appeared after treatment with the R-CHOP protocol. The diagnosis of purulent meningitis was based on clinical, laboratory and cytological cerebrospinal fluid findings, in addition to blood culture results in which we isolated Leuconostoc sp. The patient was treated with meropenem with full recovery.

Sepsis por Leuconostoc spp. en un lactante sano / Sepsis by Leuconostoc spp. in a healthy infant

El género Leuconostoc, del grupo de bacterias ácido-lácticas, son cocos grampositivos resistentes a vancomicina, distribuidos en la naturaleza y empleados en la industria alimentaria. Clásicamente considerado inocuo para la especie humana, se lo ha implicado en diversas patologías en sujetos susceptibles; se lo aisló cada vez con más frecuencia y con un amplio perfil de patogenicidad, por lo que en la actualidad se clasifica como patógeno oportunista emergente. Los niños son especialmente vulnerables, sobre todo prematuros y afectos de patología digestiva grave. La puerta de entrada no ha sido estudiada en profundidad; las más probables son la digestiva, en intestinos alterados, y la cutánea, a través de la pérdida de su integridad.Otras formas descritas son contaminaciones de la nutrición parenteral y enteral, esta última asociada sobre todo al uso de sondas gástricas. Los aislados casos descritos en pacientes inmunocompetentes sin factores de riesgo involucran, sobre todo, a lactantes sanos, como el caso que presentamos.

Sepsis por Leuconostoc spp. en un lactante sano / Sepsis by Leuconostoc spp. in a healthy infant

El género Leuconostoc, del grupo de bacterias ácido-lácticas, son cocos grampositivos resistentes a vancomicina, distribuidos en la naturaleza y empleados en la industria alimentaria. Clásicamente considerado inocuo para la especie humana, se lo ha implicado en diversas patologías en sujetos susceptibles; se lo aisló cada vez con más frecuencia y con un amplio perfil de patogenicidad, por lo que en la actualidad se clasifica como patógeno oportunista emergente. Los niños son especialmente vulnerables, sobre todo prematuros y afectos de patología digestiva grave. La puerta de entrada no ha sido estudiada en profundidad; las más probables son la digestiva, en intestinos alterados, y la cutánea, a través de la pérdida de su integridad.Otras formas descritas son contaminaciones de la nutrición parenteral y enteral, esta última asociada sobre todo al uso de sondas gástricas. Los aislados casos descritos en pacientes inmunocompetentes sin factores de riesgo involucran, sobre todo, a lactantes sanos, como el caso que presentamos.(AU)

Sepsis por Leuconostoc spp. en un lactante sano / Sepsis by Leuconostoc spp. in a healthy infant

El género Leuconostoc, del grupo de bacterias ácido-lácticas, son cocos grampositivos resistentes a vancomicina, distribuidos en la naturaleza y empleados en la industria alimentaria. Clásicamente considerado inocuo para la especie humana, se lo ha implicado en diversas patologías en sujetos susceptibles; se lo aisló cada vez con más frecuencia y con un amplio perfil de patogenicidad, por lo que en la actualidad se clasifica como patógeno oportunista emergente. Los niños son especialmente vulnerables, sobre todo prematuros y afectos de patología digestiva grave. La puerta de entrada no ha sido estudiada en profundidad; las más probables son la digestiva, en intestinos alterados, y la cutánea, a través de la pérdida de su integridad.Otras formas descritas son contaminaciones de la nutrición parenteral y enteral, esta última asociada sobre todo al uso de sondas gástricas. Los aislados casos descritos en pacientes inmunocompetentes sin factores de riesgo involucran, sobre todo, a lactantes sanos, como el caso que presentamos.(AU)

Bacteriemia y sepsis por Leuconostoc mesenteroides / Bacteremia and sepsis due to Leuconostoc mesenteroides

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Value of recN sequences for species identification and as a phylogenetic marker within the family «Leuconostocaceae»

The genera Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, and Weissella (family «Leuconostocaceae») constitute a group of lactic acid bacteria of great interest in food microbiology. From the taxonomic point of view, they are considered phylogenetically coherent according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences and other macromolecules. These three genera were the focus of the present study; specifically, the resolution and discriminatory power of recN (encoding a DNA repair and genetic recombination protein) as a molecular marker at the species level were investigated. For this purpose, partial sequences (about 1200 nt) were obtained from 23 type strains and from several additional strains following direct amplification of recN and subsequent sequencing. Phylogeny was evaluated according to different treeing methods (neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony) and the inclusion of variability filters. The results showed that recN, used either alone or in combination with 16S rRNA data, can serve as a phylogenetic marker as well as a tool for species identification (AU)

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Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: the Leuconostoc genus.

Although Leuconostoc genus is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS), a few clinically human infections cases by this microorganism have been reported in the literature, leading to their classification as opportunistic pathogens. However, these reported cases concern only severe immunodepressed patients, and none direct relations have yet been proven between Leuconostoc isolation and human diseases. Moreover, no cases of infections have been directly linked to the consumption of fermented food. Considering the long history of use of Leuconostoc in dairy industry, and their poor incidence in human infections cases, this bacterial genus may be reasonably considered as " safe " for its use in fermented dairy products.

Safety of industrial lactic acid bacteria.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous in fermented and non-fermented foods and are common components of the human commensal microflora. This long history of human exposure and consumption has led to the reasonable conclusion that they are generally safe. Recent attention has also focused on their possible role as probiotic bacteria, promoting beneficial health effects. There have, however, been a number of reports of human infections caused by LAB and these are reviewed. In most cases, the source of the infection was the commensal LAB flora rather than ingested bacteria and the patient had some underlying disease or predisposing condition. Even as opportunistic pathogens, the LAB, with the notable exception of the enterococci, are much less successful than a number of other members of the commensal microflora. The use of new strains for probiotic use is likely to require more detailed evidence for their safety, particularly if the strains have been genetically modified or have been derived from animals. Procedures that have been proposed for assessing the safety of new strains are described.

[Infectious endocarditis caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides]. / Endocarditis infecciosa por Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

BACKGROUND: Leuconostoc spp. are gram-positive coccobacilli, catalase and oxidase negative, vancomycin resistant, with a not clearly defined role in human infectious. Cases of infection have been reported previously but it has not been described confirmed infective endocarditis due to Leuconostoc mesenteroides. METHODS: We describe a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis in a 72-years-old woman with a long previous history of cardiac disease but without other immunological disorders. She developed a heart failure because of prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Leuconostoc mesenteroides should be considered as a potential cause of infective endocarditis and listed in the group of vancomycin-resistant microorganism.

Meningitis in a neonate caused by Leuconostoc sp.

A case of meningitis in a neonate caused by vancomycin-resistant Leuconostoc mesenteroides is presented. This case was complicated by severe ventriculitis and was ultimately fatal. Infection with Leuconostoc spp. is rare but should be suspected when vancomycin-resistant organisms resembling streptococci are isolated. Previous reports of this infection are reviewed.

Infection due to Leuconostoc species: six cases and review.

Leuconostocs, members of the family Streptococcacae, have only recently been recognized as potential pathogens. We describe six cases of leuconostoc bacteremia and review 11 additional cases of infection reported in the literature. Fifteen patients with bacteremia ranged from neonates to persons aged 78 years. Almost all were hospitalized with significant underlying diseases, had received previous antibiotic therapy, and had undergone procedures that interrupted the normal integumentary defense. Leuconostoc bacteremia was associated with fever, leukocytosis, and gastrointestinal complaints. Eight of 15 patients had polymicrobial bacteremia, seven of these eight with staphylococcal species. Clinical isolates of Leuconostoc were frequently misidentified, usually as viridans streptococci. All clinical isolates identified to date--and most agricultural isolates--demonstrate a high level of resistance to vancomycin. Successful regimens for treatment of Leuconostoc include high-dose penicillin, clindamycin, and where appropriate, removal of infected intravascular catheters. Susceptibility testing of all gram-positive bacteria isolated from normally sterile body sites is recommended.