Nationwide but still inhomogeneous distribution of certified chest pain units across Germany : Need to strengthen rural regions.

AIM: The purpose of this work was to analyze structure, distribution, and bed capacities of certified German chest pain units (CPUs) to unveil potential gaps despite nationwide certification of 230 units till the end of 2015. METHODS: Analysis of number and structure of CPUs per state, resident count, and population density by standardized telephone interview, online research, and data collection from the registry of the Federal Statistical Office for all certified German CPUs. RESULTS: Nationwide, German health facilities provided a mean of 1 CPU bed within a certified unit per 65,000 inhabitants. Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate provided more than 1 bed per 50,000 inhabitants. Most CPUs (49%) were located in the emergency room. All university hospitals in Germany provided a certified CPU. Most units were found in academic teaching hospitals (146 CPUs). Only 42 CPUs were found in nonacademic providers of primary health care. CONCLUSION: The absolute necessary number of CPUs to reach full nationwide coverage is still unknown. The current analysis shows a high number of CPUs and bed capacities within the cities and industrial areas without relevant gaps, but also demonstrates a certain undersupply in more rural areas as well as in some of the former eastern federal states of Germany.

[Certified breast centers in Germany : How much is plastic surgery involved?]. / Zertifizierte Brustzentren in Deutschland : Beteiligung der Plastischen Chirurgie.

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to assess the degree of cooperation between plastic surgeons and gynecologists in certified breast centers in Germany. The rate of breast reconstruction after mastectomy remains low at 8-13%. In certified breast centers plastic surgeons are often not members of the team. METHODS: A total of 220 hospitals affiliated to the West German Breast Center (WBC) were contacted in 2007 and 80 breast centers and hospitals returned the questionnaire. This study is based on the data of approximately 24,000 patients. RESULTS: At the time of the investigation 60 out of the 80 hospitals (75%) were certified breast centers. Many different criteria have been applied for certified breast centers: the state of Nordrhein-Westfalen, the DKG/DGS (German Cancer Society/German Society of Senology), EUSOMA and others. In 8 hospitals (10%) a plastic surgeon was part of the team in the breast center. Most breast centers (44 out of 80) function with 3-4 attending specialists for breast surgery. DISCUSSION: The cooperation between gynecologists and plastic surgeons within a breast center can be strengthened. A microsurgical breast augmentation is not the ideal solution for every patient with a mastectomy but every patient has the right to obtain complete information about the whole spectrum of breast reconstruction including microsurgical free flap reconstruction.

Annual bed statistics give a misleading picture of hospital surge capacity.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: I describe how annual hospital surge capacity is affected by within-year variation in patient volume and bed supply. METHODS: Surge capacity was measured as the percentage and total number of hospital beds that are not occupied by patients. Administrative data were used to calculate these bed statistics for 78 hospitals in New Jersey--statewide and by emergency planning regions--in 2003. Annual bed statistics were compared to more refined calculations for each day of the year. Calculated numbers of empty beds were compared to federal disaster planning benchmarks. RESULTS: Annual bed statistics showed no major limitations on surge capacity. Statewide occupancy rates were well below 80% (ie, more than 20% of beds were empty), and the number of empty beds that were set up and staffed (ie, maintained) was well above federal disaster planning benchmarks. In contrast, daily bed statistics reveal long periods in 2003 when regional and statewide surge capacity was severely strained. Strained capacity was most likely to occur on Tuesdays through Fridays and least likely to occur on weekends. On 212 days, statewide occupancy of maintained beds met or exceeded 85%. This occupancy rate met or exceeded 90% and 95% on 88 and 4 days, respectively. On 288 days, the statewide number of empty maintained beds fell below the federal planning benchmark. CONCLUSION: Annual bed statistics give a misleading picture of hospital surge capacity. Analysis of surge capacity should account for daily variation in patient volume and within-year variation in bed supply.