EVOLUTION OF THE 2020 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF LYMPHOLOGY CONSENSUS DOCUMENT PARALLELS ADVANCES IN LYMPHOLOGY: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.

[Editorial] Evolution of the 2020 international society of lymphology consensus document parallels advances in lymphology: An historical perspective.

In Memoriam Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. med. Michael Földi, January 10, 1920 - October 20, 2018 "Father of Lymphology".

In Memoriam: With deep sadness the world of Lymphology learned of the death of Prof. Prof. h.c. Dr. med. Michael Földi, a ground breaking pioneer of modern Lymphology. Words alone will never fully describe or capture the breadth and depth of Michael's contribution to our lymphatic knowledge and the legacy he has left for us all.

Advances and Innovations in Microsurgery.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. summarize the evolution of perforator, chimeric, and free style flaps; 2. define and give examples of supermicrosurgery as well as understand its application in treatment of lymphedema; and 3. appreciate the development and advancements of composite tissue allotransplantation. SUMMARY: Although microsurgery may seem like a highly specialized niche within plastic surgery, it is more than just a discipline that focuses on small anastomoses. It is a tool and a way of thinking that allows us to embody the true tenets of plastic surgery, as quoted by Tagliocozzi. What began as a challenge of returning amputated tissue to the body and achieving wound closure has evolved into a refinement of technique and change in philosophy that empowers the plastic surgeon to work creatively to "restore, rebuild, and make whole."

Emmanuil Kondoleon: pioneer in surgical treatment for lymphedema.

Our era is characterized by the rapid improvements in treatment in all areas of medicine. But we should not forget those pioneers who, with their medical actions and inspiration, changed the course of their era and left their mark on medical history. One of those is the Greek surgeon Emmanuil Kondoleon (1879-1940). His brilliant scientific personality, numerous teaching activities, and his notable publications made him a distinguished Professor of Surgical Pathology. At the beginning of the 20th century, when very little was known about lymphedema and especially its treatment, Emmanuil Kondoleon arrived on the scene with his own original technique that led the surgical treatment of lymphedema for more than 50 years. Made famous as Kondoleon's procedure, his technique included wide excision of the fascia and concomitant partial excision of the hypertrophic tissue. Such important personalities as Kondoleon set great examples in medical history and inspire future young generations of physicians.

[Aagenaes syndrome--lymphedema and intrahepatic cholestasis]. / Aagenaes' syndrom--lymfødem og intrahepatisk gallestase.

The combination of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis and lymphoedema in feet and legs is a specific syndrome named after the Norwegian paediatrician Øystein Aagenaes, who described the syndrome in 1968. The condition is autosomal recessively inherited and the gene is located to 15q, but not yet identified. The condition is particularly frequent in the southern most part of Norway and the gene frequency is estimated to be about 3%. The development of small lymphoid vessels is probably deficient around the small biliary tracts and in general. Aagenaes' syndrome is found in patients from other parts of Europe and the US, but more than half of the cases are of Norwegian origin.

E. Kondoleon: the man behind the procedure.

UNLABELLED: Historical events and their in-depth analysis have much to teach us about medicine today. Moreover, the lives of those who have made their mark in medical history can be a source of inspiration to future generations of medical scientists. A case in point is the career of E. Kondoleon, originator of the surgical procedure that bears his name. METHODS: Retrieval in the archives of the "Areteion" and "Hippocration" hospitals, where E. Kondoleon had worked and passed away, together with information obtained from the Chair of History of Medicine of the University of Athens, as well as information taken from the Hellenic Surgical Society relative to his life and the motives which led him to the Kondoleon surgical procedure namely: Wide excision of the fascia and concomitant partial excision of the hypertrophic tissue in the treatment of lymphoedema. RESULTS: The Kondoleon operative procedure was not a simple applicable idea of a surgical technique but the result of a long-term systematical study of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the lymphovascular system as well as the continuation of their experimental application. Thus in the beginning of our century, Kondoleon took the lead of carrying out his own technique on the human which for more than 50 years was the object of discussion and application in the treatment of lymphoedema. CONCLUSIONS: Although "the microworld" of the electronic microscope and the conventional microscope of surgery have illuminated many sections of pathophysiology and has led to newer evolutionary tactics (vascular anastomoses, transplantation of lymph-vessels) in the management of lymphoedema, the Kondoleon operative procedure has given the necessary stimuli for these developments. As with other prominent, celebrated men in the history of investigation, Kondoleon had a dramatic end.

The Charles procedure: misquoted and misunderstood since 1950.

The Charles procedure, named for Sir Richard Henry Havelock Charles, is an eponym for a surgical treatment of leg lymphedema. Sir Havelock led a fascinating life, with his travels taking him to India, the Afghan territories, and the Court of King George V of England. At the turn of this century, Sir Havelock published material describing a series of 140 consecutive patients treated successfully for scrotal lymphedema. In a book chapter published a decade later, entitled "Elephantiasis Scroti," Sir Havelock briefly described the treatment of leg lymphedema but did not document a single successful case report. The name of Sir Havelock Charles was absent from the literature until 1950, when Sir Archibald McIndoe attributed the treatment of leg lymphedema with radical excision and skin grafting to Sir Havelock. References to Charles for the treatment of leg lymphedema have proliferated since that time.

The disappearance of bancroftian filariasis from Charleston, South Carolina.

I suggest the hypothesis that bancroftian filariasis, endemic since the early days of slavery in Charleston, South Carolina, disappeared around 1930 by virtue of the long-term effects of a municipal sewerage-water system begun in the 1890s or thereabouts. These public works, originally intended to abate typhoid and related diseases, helped to eliminate filariasis by reducing the availability of polluted domestic waters which are the preferred breeding sites for the urban vector, Culex quinquefasciatus (= fatigans). Cause and effect having been separated by some three decades, the epidemiologic connections between these events in Charleston seem not to have been appreciated hitherto.