RESUMO
T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is an indolent, nodal lymphoma that has been clinically characterized in detail in dogs, and T-zone hyperplasia (TZH) is a hyperplastic change in lymph nodes associated with antigen processing. In some cases, histopathological features of TZL and TZH are similar, and are difficult to differentiate by morphology alone. Since there have been few publications characterizing their immunohistochemical profiles, histological, immunohistochemical, and clonality examinations were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine lymph nodes with TZL (14 cases) and canine lymph nodes with TZH associated with nonlymphocytic tumors (10 cases). Immunohistochemically, small- to medium-sized lymphocytes of TZL were immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and HLA-DR, and negative for CD45, FOXP3, and granzyme B (GRB) in all cases. Among these 14 cases, 11 were immunopositive for CD8 and 1 was CD20 positive. Paracortical lymphocytes in TZH were diffusely immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and CD45, with scattered immunopositivity for CD8, HLA-DR, FOXP3, and GRB, and negative for CD20 in all cases. A clonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected in 13/14 TZL and none of the TZH cases. The present study revealed that TZL is a clonal proliferation of monomorphic CD8+CD45-GRB- T cells, while TZH consists of an immunophenotypically heterogenous population of CD45+ T cells that are variably positive for CD8 and FOXP3. These results suggest that canine TZL is a clonal proliferation of naïve or premature cytotoxic T cells. Regarding TZH, variable immunopositivity for cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell antigens may reflect immune responses to a variety of regional neoplastic lesions.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Linfoma Folicular , Animais , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Hiperplasia/patologia , Hiperplasia/veterinária , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterináriaRESUMO
The most common subtype of lymphoma in the dog is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The remaining forms of B-cell lymphoma in dogs are categorized as small-to-intermediate in size and include marginal zone, follicular, mantle cell, and small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. Marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma have readily identifiable unique histologic features while other forms of small B-cell lymphoma in the dog are poorly described by histopathology. Forty-seven cases of nodal small B-cell lymphoma identified by flow cytometry (small cell size based on forward scatter) with concurrent histopathology were reviewed. These cases fell into 3 histologic subtypes: marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and a diffuse form of small B-cell lymphoma with consistent features. As a descriptive term, we refer to the latter subtype as diffuse small B-cell lymphoma (DSBCL) until it can be further characterized by gene expression profiling and other molecular tools. Clinical presentation of DSBCL was compared to cases of histologically confirmed DLBCL and clinical follow-up was obtained for 22 of the 27 cases of DSBCL. This subset of diffuse small B-cell lymphoma had an overall median survival of 140 days. The expression of CD21, class II MHC and CD25 by flow cytometry did not differ between DSBCL and the other histologic subtypes of small cell B-cell lymphoma making histopathology the only current method of classification.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B , Linfoma Folicular , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/veterinária , Linfócitos , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/veterináriaRESUMO
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B-cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and FL (n = 7), also comparing them with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Transcriptome profiling highlighted the presence of similar biological processes affecting both histotypes, including BCR and TLR signalling pathways. However, FLs showed an enrichment of E2F targets, whereas MZLs were characterized by MYC-driven transcriptional activation signatures. FLs showed a distinctive loss on chr1 containing CEACAM23 and 24, conversely MZLs presented multiple recurrent gains on chr13, where MYC is located. The distribution of methylation peaks was similar between the two histotypes. Integrating data from the three omics, FLs resulted clearly separated from MZLs and DLBCL dataset. MZLs showed the enrichment of FoxM1 network and TLR associated TICAM1-dependent IRFs activation pathway. However, no specific signatures differentiated MZLs from DLBCLs. In conclusion, our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of molecular and epigenetic pathogenesis of canine FL and MZL.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/genética , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/veterinária , Animais , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Epigênese Genética , Itália , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/genética , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Metanfetamina/análogos & derivados , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is commonly overexpressed in follicular lymphomas in humans. This is usually the result of a chromosomal translocation that transposes the Bcl-2 gene into the immunoglobulin gene locus. The immunohistochemical assessment of this overexpression can be used as a tool for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. In cats, little information about the expression of Bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma exists. We investigated 18 follicular lymphomas histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of Bcl-2, CD3, CD45R, and feline leukemia virus. Clonality was assessed by PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements. Although the histology resembled that of their human counterparts, diffuse expression of Bcl-2 within the follicles of the feline lymphomas, as seen in human cases, was not present. Only single cells within the follicles, comparable to the reactive controls, were positive for Bcl-2 expression. The mean survival time of 4.6 y confirmed the indolent character of the tumor. None of the clinical parameters assessed were statistically significant predictors of survival. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in survival of animals with or without anti-neoplastic therapy was also not demonstrable.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/genética , Expressão Gênica , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Animais , Gatos , Feminino , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) belong to a subgroup of indolent B-cell lymphomas most commonly reported in the canine spleen. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of splenic MZL and MCL in comparison to their human counterparts. Ten MCLs and 28 MZLs were selected based on morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and expression of CD3, CD5, CD10, CD45, CD20, CD79a, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, MCL-1, MUM-1, and Sox-11 was evaluated. Neoplastic cells in all MCLs and MZLs were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Positive labeling for Pax-5 was detected in 8 of 10 MCLs and 26 of 28 MZLs. Positive labeling for MUM-1 was detected in 3 of 10 MCLs, and 27 of 28 MZLs were positive for MUM-1. No MCLs but 8 of 24 MZLs were positive for MCL-1. Canine splenic MZL and MCL have a similar immunophenotype as their human counterparts. However, human splenic MCL overexpresses cyclin D1 due to a translocation. A similar genetic alteration has not been reported in dogs. In addition, in contrast to human MZL, canine splenic MZL generally expresses CD5. Following identification of B vs T cells with CD20 and CD3, a panel composed of BCL-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and MCL-1 combined with the histomorphological pattern can be used to accurately diagnose MZL and MCL in dogs. Expression of Bcl-2 and lack of MCL-1 expression in MCL may suggest a therapeutic benefit of BCL-2 inhibitors in canine MCL.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Imunofenotipagem/veterinária , Linfoma de Células B/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Neoplasias Esplênicas/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Linfoma de Células B/imunologia , Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/imunologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/patologia , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/imunologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/imunologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/patologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Baço/imunologia , Baço/patologia , Neoplasias Esplênicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Esplênicas/patologiaRESUMO
Primary colorectal follicular lymphomas are rare indolent lymphoid neoplasms in humans that have not been reported in dogs. We describe 3 cases of primary colorectal follicular lymphoma in dogs with histologic and immunohistochemical features similar to their human counterpart. Initial clinical signs in all dogs included tenesmus, hematochezia, and a palpable rectal mass. Two dogs were castrated males and 1 an intact female, between 9 months and 2 years of age, and of varied breeds. All 3 cases of colorectal follicular lymphoma were characterized by proliferation of follicular germinal centers with no polarity or mantle zone and were composed of centrocytes admixed with fewer centroblasts. By immunohistochemistry, lymphoid cells expressed CD20, BCL2, and BCL6 and lacked expression of CD3, CD5, and cyclin D1. Polymerase chain reaction for rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain confirmed a monoclonal population in all cases. In 2 of the 3 cases, a solitary nodular colorectal mass was excised and appeared curative; however, the third case had multiple colorectal masses and the animal developed multicentric lymphoma. This case series immunohistochemically characterizes and distinguishes colorectal follicular lymphoma from atypical lymphoid hyperplasia.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Colo/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Feminino , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Canine splenic lymphoid nodules are currently classified as indolent lymphomas (marginal zone lymphoma [MZL], mantle cell lymphoma [MCL]) or nodular hyperplasia (lymphoid [LNH] or complex [CNH] type). Their differentiation can be difficult on morphology, because of similar histologic appearance and poorly defined diagnostic criteria. Thirty-five surgical samples of splenic lymphoid nodules were reviewed in order to assess the diagnostic contribution of immunophenotyping, proliferative activity and clonality (PARR) in differentiating between hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions. Proliferative activity was evaluated by double immunolabeling for Ki-67 and CD79a, in order to separately assess the proliferative activity of B cells and non-B cells. Definitive diagnoses were MZL ( n = 11), MCL ( n = 4), LNH ( n = 10), and CNH ( n = 10). The overall concordance between histology and PARR was above 90%. Lymphomas had a significantly higher percentage of CD79a-positive areas (mean, 36.30%; P = .0004) and a higher B-cell proliferative activity (median Ki-67 index, 5.49%; P = .0012). The threshold value most accurately predicting a diagnosis of lymphoma was ≥28% of B-cell areas, with a Ki-67 index above 3%. Dogs were monitored for a median follow-up time of 870 days (IQR, 569-1225), and no relapses were documented. Overall median survival time was 1282 days. The combination of histology, immunohistochemistry and PARR can improve the diagnostic accuracy for canine splenic lymphoid nodules, although the long-term behavior of these lesions appears similar.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Neoplasias Esplênicas/veterinária , Animais , Linfócitos B/patologia , Complexo CD3/metabolismo , Antígenos CD79/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Feminino , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , Baço/patologia , Neoplasias Esplênicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esplênicas/patologiaRESUMO
Follicular lymphomas (FLs) typically exhibit a chromosome translocation that induces constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl2 protein and accumulation of additional molecular defects. This rearrangement offers a promising therapeutic target, but its nature as a fundamental driver of FL pathogenesis remains unclear as 15% of cases lack the translocation. We performed an integrated immunohistochemical and genomic investigation of 10 naturally occurring FL cases from domestic dogs, showing that, as with human tumours, they exhibit marked heterogeneity in the frequency and intensity of bcl2 protein expression. Genomic copy number aberrations were infrequent and broadly consistent with those of other canine B-cell lymphoma subtypes. None of the canine FL specimens exhibited a rearrangement consistent with the hallmark translocation of human FL, despite their remarkable histomorphologic similarity. Parallel exploration of canine and human cases may reveal alternative tumour-initiating mechanisms other than BCL2 disruption, yielding a more complete definition of the molecular pathogenesis of FL.
Assuntos
Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Doenças do Cão/genética , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Impressões Digitais de DNA/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/etiologia , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Diagnostic methods used in the initial and post-treatment evaluation of canine lymphoma are heterogeneous and can vary within countries and institutions. Accurate reporting of clinical stage and response assessment is crucial in determining the treatment efficacy and predicting prognosis. This study comprises a systematic review of all available canine multicentric lymphoma studies published over 15 years. Data concerning diagnosis, clinical stage evaluation and response assessment procedures were extracted and compared. Sixty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. Fifty-five (87.3%) studies were non-randomized prospective or retrospective studies. The survey results also expose variations in diagnostic criteria and treatment response assessment in canine multicentric lymphoma. Variations in staging procedures performed and recorded led to an unquantifiable heterogeneity among patients in and between studies, making it difficult to compare treatment efficacies. Awareness of this inconsistency of procedure and reporting may help in the design of future clinical trials.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/veterináriaRESUMO
An 11-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for a right flank wound. On clinical examination, a single non-painful skin tear lesion with irregular edges was detected. During the examination, star-shaped cigarette paper-like skin lesions appeared spontaneously. An abdominal mass was also palpated. Feline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS) was suspected and a multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. The cat's condition declined and it died spontaneously. Post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma. Neoplastic lymphocytes were not observed in the skin. Histological analysis of the skin was consistent with the morphological aspects of FSFS. A possible direct link between the two conditions remains a matter of speculation, but this case report provides the first description of FSFS associated with multicentric follicular lymphoma. Thus, multicentric follicular lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats presenting with FSFS.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/etiologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Linfoma Folicular/complicações , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
A hunted free-ranging female red deer (Cervus elaphus) from a region near the Nahuel Huapi National Park, Northern Patagonia, Argentina, had a focally extensive peribronchial lymphoid proliferative lesion in the lung characterized by formation of multiple follicles, with prominent germinal centers lacking mantle zone cells and antigen-related polarity. On examination of immunohistochemically stained tissues, a predominance of B cells (cluster of differentiation [CD]20 positive) with only a few scattered T cells (CD3 positive) were present. The histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics are consistent with follicular lymphoma, which is frequently seen in human beings and less frequently in domestic animals.
Assuntos
Cervos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos CD20/isolamento & purificação , Argentina , Linfócitos B/patologia , Complexo CD3/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfócitos T/patologiaRESUMO
Sixty-six cases of indolent canine lymphoid proliferation were reviewed. Age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years (median 9.0 years). Dogs of 26 breeds, plus 13 of mixed breeding or unknown lineage, were represented. B-Cell lymphomas (CD79a+) predominated. Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the largest group, involved lymph node (33 cases) and spleen (13 cases), with both tissues involved in five of these cases. Follicular lymphoma (FL) involved lymph nodes (five cases), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occurred as solitary splenic masses (three cases). Nodal CD3+ T-zone lymphomas (TZL) (10 cases), were included since they resembled late-stage MZL at the architectural level. Two cases of marginal zone hyperplasia (MZH) were included to aid in differentiation of early MZL. Clonality status was determined in 54 cases by analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and T-cell antigen receptor gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangement. Clonal rearrangement of IGH was detected in 28 of 35 MZL cases (80%), four of four FL cases (100%) and three of three MCL cases (100%). Concurrent cross lineage rearrangement of TCRG was detected in six MZL and two FL cases. Clonal rearrangement of TCRG was documented in five of eight TZL cases (63%). Limited survival data obtained for 18 dogs indicated that the B-cell lymphomas (MZL, MCL, and FL) and the T-cell lymphoma (TZL) were associated with indolent behavior and long survival. Although to the authors' knowledge, the true incidence of canine indolent lymphomas is unknown, the tumors are not rare and may have been underrecognized. Recognition of their architectural features, routine application of immunophenotyping, and molecular clonality assessment should alleviate this.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/patologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/veterinária , Masculino , Neoplasias Esplênicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esplênicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esplênicas/patologia , Neoplasias Esplênicas/veterináriaRESUMO
Three cases of bovine gamma(delta) T-cell lymphoma without skin involvement are described. Case 1 was a 17-month-old Holstein heifer with generalized lymphadenopathy. Case 2 was a 4-year-old Holstein cow that had multiple tumour masses in the uterine body and horns. Case 3, a 23-month-old Holstein bull was presented with generalized tremor, nystagmus and hyperesthaesia, and there were several tumour masses in the meninges. Cases 1 and 2 had epitheliotropic neoplastic infiltrates in the tonsillar epithelium and endometrial glands, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3+, WC1+, CD79a- lymphoma cells in all cases, and perforin was positive in two cases. Electron-dense granules were present in many neoplastic cells of all cases. These findings supported the cytotoxic gamma(delta) T-cell origin of the present lymphomas. Bovine gamma(delta) T-cell lymphoma may originate in a wide variety of anatomical sites and may be classified into several histological subtypes.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Linfoma de Células T/veterinária , Neoplasias Meníngeas/veterinária , Neoplasias Uterinas/veterinária , Animais , Complexo CD3/análise , Bovinos , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Linfoma de Células T/patologia , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análise , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Perforina , Proteínas Citotóxicas Formadoras de Poros , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologiaAssuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/veterinária , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , HIV , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/patologia , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/veterinária , Macaca fascicularis , Macaca mulatta , Doenças dos Macacos/patologia , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Animais , Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfócitos B/virologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/patologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/veterinária , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Humanos , Lymphocryptovirus , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/etiologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/veterinária , Linfoma Imunoblástico de Células Grandes/patologia , Linfoma Imunoblástico de Células Grandes/veterinária , Doenças dos Macacos/etiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Rhadinovirus , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/complicações , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/patologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida dos Símios/virologia , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
A 7-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of symmetric necrosis of the skin of its hind feet and high liver enzyme activities. Lymphoma was diagnosed on cytologic examination of a fine needle aspirate of the liver. The owner declined treatment for the lymphoma. On postmortem histologic examination, lymphoma was found in the liver, stomach, and multiple lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the neoplasm to have a mixed B- and T-cell follicular arrangement, and a diagnosis of multicentric follicular lymphoma was made. The distal portion of the feet were necrotic, but a neoplastic infiltrate was not seen on histologic examination. After thrombosis and vasculitis were excluded as causes, the ischemic necrosis of the feet of the cat in this report was considered a paraneoplastic syndrome, as can be seen in people with lymphoma or other internal malignancies.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Dermatoses do Pé/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/veterinária , Pele/patologia , Animais , Biópsia por Agulha/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/enzimologia , Gatos , Dermatoses do Pé/patologia , Membro Posterior , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/enzimologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , Necrose , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/patologia , Estômago/patologiaRESUMO
A 19-year-old Appaloosa gelding was reluctant to move. Radiography revealed diffuse, permeative lysis of the cortex and subchondral bone of the phalanges, third metacarpal bones, proximal sesamoid bones, radius, carpal bones, tibia, mandible, and nasal bones of the skull. A comminuted fracture of the distal aspect of the left third metacarpal bone was identified on a lateral to medial radiographic view of the left metacarpophalangeal joint. Histologic examination of the first phalanx, third metacarpal bone, and sternum revealed multifocal infiltrates of nodular lymphosarcoma in cortical and subchondral bone. Osteoclastic cavities were apparent in bone trabeculae contiguous with nodular foci of lymphosarcoma. Osteoclastic osteolysis was not evident at bone surfaces that were not directly adjacent to neoplastic cells. Although lymphosarcoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasia encountered in horses, diffuse neoplastic infiltration of cortical and subchondral bone of the appendicular and axial skeleton represents an unusual presentation of lymphosarcoma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Cavalos/lesões , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Metacarpo/lesões , Osteólise/veterinária , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/complicações , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Fraturas Ósseas/etiologia , Linfoma Folicular/complicações , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , Osteólise/etiologiaRESUMO
A retrospective histologic study was made of 1,198 cases of bovine lymphoma using the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation for human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This classification scheme was found to be readily applicable to bovine lymphoma. Most of the cell types described in the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation occurred in this series of bovine lymphomas, but the distribution of cell types varied markedly compared to that of human beings. Eighty-nine percent (1,067/1,198) of bovine lymphomas were high-grade tumors. The diffuse large cell type and its cleaved variant comprised 65.9% of all bovine lymphomas. Similar to the dog, but in marked contrast to human beings where at least 34% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were follicular, follicular tumors were found to be extremely rare in cattle (0.3% or 4/1,198). The prevalence of cell types varied significantly between the enzootic and sporadic lymphomas. The cleaved variant of the diffuse large cell type constituted 38% (406/1,072) of enzootic lymphomas versus 14% (18/126) of sporadic lymphomas. The mitotic index (100 x oil immersion field, 175 microns in diameter) of enzootic lymphomas (3.72 +/- 0.06, mean +/- standard error) was significantly greater than the mitotic index of sporadic lymphomas (2.82 +/- 0.17). We concluded that the cleaved variant of the diffuse large cell type with high mitotic index is characteristic of enzootic lymphoma. This characteristic high-grade cell type may be a consequence of the viral etiology of the enzootic form of bovine lymphoma.
Assuntos
Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/patologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bovinos , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/classificação , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/epidemiologia , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/patologia , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/veterinária , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/epidemiologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/epidemiologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/veterinária , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , Índice Mitótico , Prevalência , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Pathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on two cases of bovine follicular lymphoma with severe leukaemia and antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus. Histologically, numerous neoplastic follicular structures were observed in the lymph nodes and spleen of both cases and in the tonsils and Peyer's patches of one case. The neoplastic cells infiltrated diffusely into the liver, lungs and heart in both cases and into the tonsils, kidneys, abomasum and bone marrow in one case. Intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin was negative in the neoplastic cells. Follicular dendritic reticulum cells were decreased in number in the neoplastic follicles compared with those in normal lymphoid follicles. Follicular lymphoma is rare in cattle. Histological features of the present cases are distinguishable from the adult form of bovine lymphoma and the calf form of lymphoma.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Linfoma Folicular/patologiaRESUMO
Malignant lymphomas of follicular centre cell (FCC) origin in 14 pigs are described. Seven cases were classified as abdominal type according to the distribution of the neoplastic lesions and the residual cases were of the general type. Most cases were composed of mixed populations of large and medium-sized neoplastic cells and the growing pattern varied from partially follicular to diffuse. The neoplastic cells often showed necrosis, to which macrophages reacted. A part of the neoplastic cells had cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M (CIgM) or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (CIgG). The histological features of swine FCC lymphomas are discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Abdominais/veterinária , Linfoma Folicular/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Neoplasias Abdominais/patologia , Animais , Feminino , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Masculino , SuínosRESUMO
Follicular centre cell lymphomas in two crossbred sows were examined histologically, immunologically and ultrastructurally. In one case, most of the involved tissues showed a diffuse growth pattern and follicular structures were present in some lymph nodes. In some areas, immunoblastoid cells were scattered or focal (immunoblastic transformation) and contained only cytoplasmic IgM (CIgM) or both CIgM and cytoplasmic IgG. In the other case, the neoplastic cells grew diffusely and an incompletely affected lymph node showed separate neoplastic follicles as well as direct transition into a diffuse growth pattern, without the stage of accumulated follicles. Scattered immunoblastoid or plasmacytoid cells with CIgM were present in some sections (plasmacytic differentiation). The origin and histological progression of these neoplasms are discussed and it is suggested that the presence of two immunoglobulins in single neoplastic cells could be the result of heavy chain class switch. As these swine lymphomas resembled human lymphomas they may offer useful models for the study of the latter.