Analysis of the epidemiological profile of congenital hip deformities, 2011-2021.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the relevance of hospitalizations for congenital hip deformities in Bahia. METHODS: This is a retrospective epidemiological study in public databases. Descriptors in health sciences: "congenital hip dysplasia", "congenital hip dislocation", and "congenital dislocation hip". This is qualitative-quantitative research with the analysis of secondary data and cross-sectional typologies in the databases of the Ministry of Health - Health Information (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). RESULTS: Bahia was the third Brazilian state with the highest number of hospitalizations, registering 1481 cases. The municipalities in Bahia with the highest prevalence were Itanhém, Salvador, and Barreiras, with 912, 445, and 20 cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated number of congenital hip deformities reflects a public health problem, requiring investments in public policies.

Ethnic and sociodemographic correlates of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan, Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an insight of the incidence of congenital developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan born between 2015 and 2019 and analyze its association with maternal sociodemographic characteristics and neonatal, pregnancy and delivery related aspects. METHODS: Retrospective, population-based study from Birth Registries database in Yucatan, Mexico between 2015 and 2019. Presence of hip dysplasia was described and analyzed considering three aspects (I) Maternal information (II) Pregnancy and birth (III) Neonatal examination. We obtained incidence rates from each year and the complete studied period. Association between hip dysplasia and maternal, neonatal and pregnancy/delivery variables was analyzed using logistic regression, unadjusted odds ratio and an adjusted model. RESULTS: Hip dysplasia occurred in 13 per 10 000 live births. Significant associations were found between hip dysplasia and maternal place of residence in a city <50 000 inhabitants, without a local clinic. Propensity to give birth to a neonate with hip dysplasia increased with maternal age and ethnicity, in female newborns and when total number of pregnancy consultations summed <5. Newborns with hip dysplasia were heavier and less susceptible to be delivered vaginally. Congenital developmental hip dysplasia was comparatively more frequent among offspring of Mayan women and suboptimal access to medical care during pregnancy. Female neonates were affected the most, those first-borns. Neonates with hip dysplasia were heavier and more susceptible to be born by cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Maternal, neonatal, and perinatal factors are associated with DDH in Yucatecan infants born during 2015-2019. Factors that describe living conditions seems to have a more important effect on the presence of this condition.

[Screening and diagnostic recommendations in the developmental dysplasia of the hip]. / Recomendaciones en la pesquisa y diagnóstico de la displasia del desarrollo de las caderas.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a hip joint anomaly that is characterized by a laxity or abnormal positioning of the femoral head with respect to the acetabulum. It is the most common perinatal pathology of the skeleton and includes a spectrum of alterations ranging from flattening or acetabular dysplasia, to a complete dislocation of the femoral head outside the joint that can compromise joint development and stability. The purpose of this presentation is to transmit a systematic study in the evaluation of the newborn's hip, emphasizing a correct physical examination as primordial in the detection of DDH. Also, guide the pediatrician in the proper selection of the complementary diagnostic method to be used according to the age of the patient, in order to optimize detection and reduce the number of dislocated hips in early and late stages as well as the incidence of related pathologies.

La displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) es una anomalía de la articulación coxofemoral caracterizada por una laxitud o posicionamiento anormal de la cabeza femoral con respecto al acetábulo. Es la patología ósea perinatal más frecuente, e incluye alteraciones que van desde el aplanamiento o la displasia acetabular hasta una luxación completa de la cabeza femoral fuera de la articulación, que puede comprometer el desarrollo y la estabilidad articular. Nuestro objetivo es transmitir una sistemática de estudio en la valoración de la cadera del recién nacido, haciendo énfasis en un examen físico correcto como pilar fundamental en la detección de la DDC, y orientar al pediatra en la selección adecuada del método diagnóstico complementario acorde a edad del paciente, con el fin de optimizar la detección y reducir el número de caderas luxadas en etapas tempranas y tardías, y así disminuir la incidencia de patologías asociadas desarrolladas a partir de este trastorno.

Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients with DDH at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2003 to 2012 with 2 years minimum follow-up was conducted. The relationship between socioeconomic factors with late presentation, treatment, and outcomes was examined. Socioeconomic factors included insurance status, language, and ethnicity. RESULTS: In total, 188 patients met criteria. Patients with late presentations were more likely to be Hispanic (P = .02). However, public insurance and a non-English language were not associated with late presentation. Hispanic patients (P = .01) and patients with a non-English language (P = .01) had a lower nonoperative treatment success rate. Hispanic patients had more surgical procedures performed than non-Hispanic patients (P = .04). Patients with range of motion limitations were more likely to have public insurance (P = .05) and be Hispanic (P = .04). On multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for late presentation, patients with public insurance had increased odds of range of motion limitations (OR 2.22, P = .04). Patients with public insurance (OR 0.44, P = .04), a non-English primary language (OR 0.30, P < .01), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.37, P = .01) had decreased odds of successful nonoperative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Public insurance, a non-English language, and Hispanic ethnicity are risk factors for inferior outcomes for DDH. When controlling for late presentation, these were significant risk factors for nonoperative treatment failure.

Relative Risk and Incidence for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and associated risk factors of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in a modern population without universal screening. STUDY DESIGN: Children with DDH were identified from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy's Data Repository by the use of International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes as well as physician billing tariffs for surgical procedures for DDH for all children born between 1995 and 2012. To identify the outpatient-treated patients, ultrasound scans and radiographic imaging for DDH were reviewed for 2004-2012. Overall incidence was calculated on the basis of birth rate for the province per year. Relative risks of sex, first born, breech position, clubfoot deformity, multiple gestations, as well as regional health areas were analyzed with χ2 tests. RESULTS: We identified 1716 cases of DDH of 258 499 newborns. The incidence of DDH was calculated at 6.6/1000 newborns. Late-presenting DDH was detected in 2.2/1000 newborns. Female first-born children, clubfoot deformity, and breech position were associated significantly with an increased risk. Children with DDH born in rural areas of the Northern and Central part of Manitoba presented at a later age than those who are born in the urban areas (P < .0001) CONCLUSION: This study shows the need for improved early detection and awareness at well-baby clinics of risk factors and regional differences for DDH.

What Is the Impact of Center Variability in a Multicenter International Prospective Observational Study on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

BACKGROUND: Little information exists concerning the variability of presentation and differences in treatment methods for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children < 18 months. The inherent advantages of prospective multicenter studies are well documented, but data from different centers may differ in terms of important variables such as patient demographics, diagnoses, and treatment or management decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in baseline data among the nine centers in five countries affiliated with the International Hip Dysplasia Institute to establish the need to consider the center as a key variable in multicenter studies. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) How do patient demographics differ across participating centers at presentation? (2) How do patient diagnoses (severity and laterality) differ across centers? (3) How do initial treatment approaches differ across participating centers? METHODS: A multicenter prospective hip dysplasia study database was analyzed from 2010 to April 2015. Patients younger than 6 months of age at diagnosis were included if at least one hip was completely dislocated, whereas patients between 6 and 18 months of age at diagnosis were included with any form of DDH. Participating centers (academic, urban, tertiary care hospitals) span five countries across three continents. Baseline data (patient demographics, diagnosis, swaddling history, baseline International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification, and initial treatment) were compared among all nine centers. A total of 496 patients were enrolled with site enrolment ranging from 10 to 117. The proportion of eligible patients who were enrolled and followed at the nine participating centers was 98%. Patient enrollment rates were similar across all sites, and data collection/completeness for relevant variables at initial presentation was comparable. RESULTS: In total, 83% of all patients were female (410 of 496), and the median age at presentation was 2.2 months (range, 0-18 months). Breech presentation occurred more often in younger (< 6 months) than in older (6-18 months at diagnosis) patients (30% [96 of 318] versus 9% [15 of 161]; odds ratio [OR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-7.5; p < 0.001). The Australia site was underrepresented in breech presentation in comparison to the other centers (8% [five of 66] versus 23% [111 of 479]; OR, 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1-0.7; p = 0.034). The largest diagnostic category was < 6 months, dislocated reducible (51% [253 of 496 patients]); however, the Australia and Boston sites had more irreducible dislocations compared with the other sites (ORs, 2.1 and 1.9; 95% CIs, 1.2-3.6 and 1.1-3.4; p = 0.02 and 0.015, respectively). Bilaterality was seen less often in older compared with younger patients (8% [seven of 93] versus 26% [85 of 328]; p < 0.001). The most common diagnostic group was Grade 3 (by International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification), which included 58% (51 of 88) of all classified dislocated hips. Splintage was the primary initial treatment of choice at 80% (395 of 496), but was far more likely in younger compared with older patients (94% [309 of 328] versus 18% [17 of 93]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With the lack of strong prognostic indicators for DDH identified to date, the center is an important variable to include as a potential predictor of treatment success or failure.

The Occurrence of Occult Acetabular Dysplasia in Relatives of Individuals With Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the hip pathology of family members of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The authors evaluated 120 people from 19 families known to have at least 1 member with surgically treated DDH. Each individual's functional outcome scores and pelvic radiographs were assessed for hip symptoms or pathology. METHODS: Using a genetic population database and a pediatric hospital patient population, 19 families with high rates of DDH were identified. All family members (n=120) underwent physical examination, radiographic assessment, and completion of outcome instruments [American Academy of Orthopedics (AAOS) Hip and Knee; Harris Hip Score (HHS); and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC)]. RESULTS: The 120 subjects ranged from 1 to 84 years, 34 had orthopaedically treated DDH. Of the remaining 86 supposedly normal subjects, 23 (27%) had occult acetabular dysplasia (OAD) as defined by center edge angle (CEA) <20 and/or a Severin score of III or greater. Sixty percent of the 86 individuals were less than 30 years old, 74% of the OAD group were less than 30. Outcome scores of the treated DDH patients (AAOS, HHS, and WOMAC) were worse on the involved side regardless of age. Over age 30 individuals with OAD had statistically significant decreases in their AAOS Hip and Knee and WOMAC scores on the dysplastic side, but their HHS scores were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-seven percent of first-degree and second-degree relatives of patients with DDH had unsuspected radiographic acetabular dysplasia in our study. Most of the subjects with OAD were younger than 30. After age 30, many of these patients developed symptoms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In families with a significant history of DDH, radiographic screening of siblings of patients with DDH to define OAD may be prudent. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I­diagnostic study.

General ultrasound screening reduces the rate of first operative procedures for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of general ultrasound screening to prevent first operative procedures of the hip. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study in a population in which general ultrasound screening supplementing clinical screening is recommended and offered free of charge for all children. Participation in ultrasound screening before week 7 as recommended in Germany was the exposure of interest. Case ascertainment was based on active surveillance in orthopedic hospitals. The case definition was: first operative procedure for developmental dysplasia of the hip (closed reduction, open reduction, or osteotomy) in children >9 weeks old and <5 years old and born between 1996 and 2001. Control subjects from the same birth cohorts were recruited in telephone surveys. RESULTS: Cases of first operative procedures for developmental dysplasia of the hip (n = 446) were compared with 1173 control subjects for ultrasound screening. Effectiveness of ultrasound screening to prevent first operative procedures for developmental dysplasia of the hip was estimated as 52% (95% CI, 32-67). Effectiveness did not vary substantially for closed and open reductions and osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: General ultrasound screening reduces the rate of operative procedures for developmental dysplasia of the hip; the impact on developmental dysplasia of the hip. Treatment rates and avascular necrosis need further assessment to balance the benefit against potential overtreatment and adverse effects.

[Early diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Crippling disease for life. Consensus of the Mexican College of Orthopedics and Traumatology]. / El diagnóstico oportuno de la displasia de cadera. Enfermedad discapacitante de por vida. Consenso del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología.

The developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), where the spectrum of deformity varies from a slight mismatch in the articular surfaces between the ilium and femur, which will bring a premature wear of the joint, until the situation more serious when the femoral head is out of the acetabulum, causing a host of disorders side as curvature of the spine, significant shortening of the limb deformities in the knee and the contralateral hip, as well as causing pain and loss of joint mobility mentioned. All this makes the spectrum of abnormalities in a person being disabled with a social and economic burden for the family and society. "Preventing" a clinical entity such as developmental dysplasia of the hip does not mean to anticipate the presentation, because children continue to be born with this problem, but to have a program for early detection and early treatment and thus prevent the occurrence. The goal of this study was to provide the medical community that timely tool for prevention. When diagnosed and treated in a timely and favorable prognosis qualified for motor function and quality of life.

Luxación congénita de cadera: displasia evolutiva de la cadera (DEC) / Congenital dislocation of the hip: developmental displasia of the hip

The change of denomination of congenital hip luxation for evolutionary hip displasia is defined and explained, it incluyes luxation, subluxation and hip instability. The frequencies of this pathology in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile is reported. The finds of significant major frequency in female newborn children, breech presentation and left hip are communicated. Thefamily base of this pathology is confirmed. The recommendations of the experts’ Committee of the American Academy of pediatrics and those of the health department of Chile are given. It is emphasized that the diagnosis must be as precocious as possible and that the best method of diagnosis is Ortolani’s or Barlow maneuver, done by a professional of experience. It is indicated the oportunity in which the ultrasound scan and the hip X-ray must be done, also the recommended treatment. The use of the double diaper is scorned and its possible sequels arecommented.

Incidencia de la displasia de cadera congénita en niños nacidos con presentación pelviana / Incidence of the displacement of congenital hip in babies born in pelvis presentation

Se estudian 80 pacientes nacidos en Presentación Pelviana(p.p.) en el Hospital Territorial Docente ¨Julio M. Aristegui ¨ en el período de tiempo comprendido entre el 1ro de enero del 2000 y el 31 de diciembre del 2001, así como un grupo control integrado por igual número de casos nacidos en presentación cefálica. La displasia congénita de cadera (d.c.c) fue 16.3 veces más frecuente en los nacidos en presentación pelviana que en los controles, predominando el sexo femenino (82.7 por ciento), la raza blanca (90.4 por ciento). Se recogieron antecedentes de d.c.c. en las familias de 6 pacientes (11.5 por ciento). y en los primogénitos (65.4 por ciento). La lesión predominante fue la subluxación unilateral izquierda con asimetría de pliegues y Signo de Shenton en la evaluación radiográfica. Se demuestra que la displasia congénita de cadera es más frecuentes en niños nacidos con presentaciones pelvianas...(AU)

Caracterización de la enfermedad luxante de cadera en la comuna de Los Andes / Characterization of the congenital dislocation of the hip commune of Los Andes

La luxación congénita de cadera es la malformación ortopédica más frecuente en el hombre. En Chile estudios muestran que la LCC tiene una incidencia de 7 por 10.000 nacidos vivos, y la displasia alrededor del 4 por ciento en lactantes de 3 meses de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la luxación congénita de cadera en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de los Andes entre los meses de enero a julio del 2002. Para ello se tomaron todos los niños controlados en el policlínico de traumatología infantil por diagnóstico de displasia de cadera en este período (97 fichas). La edad de diagnóstico fluctuó entre 1 y 12 meses. La espera en la atención por especialista varió de 1 a 12 semanas. Los tratamientos más frecuentes fueron correas de Pavlik (41,6 por ciento) y doble pañal (37 por ciento); la edad de diagnóstico fue de 5,2 y 5,1 meses respectivamente, con un tiempo de manejo de 12 y 15 meses respectivamente. De los niños que requirieron cirugía (13,5 por ciento), la edad promedio de diagnóstico fue de 7,1 meses y el seguimiento a la fecha de 20 meses. Los factores de riesgo para displasia de cadera son reproducidos en este estudio. Tanto el retraso en la edad de diagnóstico como en el tiempo de espera en la atención repercuten en el tipo y duración de tratamiento necesario. Resulta por tanto fundamental la toma de conciencia de este cuadro por las madres y el equipo de salud permitiendo diagnóstico y manejo oportuno.

Risks of congenital anomalies in large for gestational age infants.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between large for gestational age (LGA) and demographic and medical risk factors as well as specific types of congenital anomalies. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study on 2,149,617 consecutive births was conducted. LGA was defined as 1.64 SD above the mean weight for gestational age, adjusted by sex and altitude. Risk factor frequency distributions were compared between LGA and normal birth weight neonates. Associations between LGA and 41 infants with isolated congenital anomalies were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 31,897 neonates with congenital anomalies, 1800 were LGA. Five anomalies were associated with LGA: talipes calcaneovalgus, hydrocephaly, combined angiomatoses, hip subluxation, and non-brown-pigmented nevi. Multiparity, vaginal bleeding, diabetes, and delivery by cesarean section were more frequent in LGA than in appropriate for gestational age infants' mothers. Several maternal but no paternal factors were statistically associated with an increased risk for LGA infants. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical observation that nevi are more commonly observed in LGA patients was supported. The higher frequencies of hip subluxation and talipes calcaneovalgus among LGA neonates reinforces their pathogenesis as deformations, whereas those of combined angiomatoses and hydrocephaly could reflect increased fluid or body mass.

Displasia del desarrollo de la cadera. Frecuencia en el Hospital ABC / Developmental dysplasia of the hip. Incidence in the ABC Hospital

La frecuencia de la displacia del desarrollo de la cadera varía de acuerdo a la zona geográfica debido a que predomina en ciertos grupos étnicos. No se conoce la frecuencia de este problema en México, por lo que se estudió a la población del Hospital ABC, realizando un estudio retrospectivo en el cual se revisaron los expedientes de los recién nacidos durante seis meses. En total, se analizaron 862 expedientes. Se encontró una frecuencia de 3.6 en 1,000 nacidos vivos; se estudió el intervalo de confianza y se obtuvo límite inferior de 0.74 y superior de 10.5, por lo tanto, el 95 por ciento de cada 1,000 nacidos vivos en el Hospital ABC tendrán una frecuencia de displasia del desarrollo de la cadera dentro de este intervalo. Nuestra frecuencia es similar a la consignada en la literatura mundial, con cierta variación debido a que la población estudiada es heterogénea. En el hospital se valoran adecuadamente a los recien nacidos; sin embargo, se requiere de un estudio prospectivo para comparar sus resultados con los de este estudio

Pruebas de transmisión del sonido en el diagnóstico de la luxación de cadera en el neonato / Evaluate trials of transmission of sound for the diagnosis of luxating disease of the hip in newborns

Se realizó un estudio clínico, abierto, prospectivo para evaluar las pruebas de transmisión comparada del sonido y de transmisión comparada con extensión/flexión para el diagnóstico de enfermedad luxante de la cadera en el neonato; estas pruebas fueron descritas por Stone y cols., en 1987, en Escocia. Se revisaron las caderas de 150 recién nacidos del Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Celaya, Guanajuato, a los que se les aplicaron dichas pruebas, y se buscó la asimetría de pliegues, las maniobras de Ortolani y Barlow y se les sometió a ultrasonido de caderas. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de alteración de la cadera en el 58.66 por ciento. Para la prueba de transmisión del sonido se obtuvo sensibilidad del 27.27 por ciento y especificidad del 94.35 por ciento. Para la prueba de transmisión comparada del sonido con extensión/flexión. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 86.36 por ciento y especificidad del 97.09 por ciento; esta prueba tiene la mejor sensibilidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y efectividad, que la prueba de transmisión comparada del sonido, asimetría de pliegues, Ortolani y Barlow. Se concluyó que las pruebas de transmisión del sonido son de utilidad en el periodo neonatal para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad luxante de la cadera.

Displasia del desarrollo de la cadera / Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Indroducción. La displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) es un padecimiento con incidencia variable en México, siendo el propósito de este trabajo determinarla e identificar los factores diagnósticos y de riesgo en nuestro medio para la DDC en la etapa de recién nacido. Material y métodos. Se revisaron 8,316 recién nacidos vivos no patológicos del Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, seleccionándose los que tenían factores diangósticos y de riesgo para el sedarrollo normal de la cadera. Resultados. Se confirmaron 55 casos de DDC para una incidencia de 6.6 por 1000 recién nacidos vivos. Siendo los principales factores diagnósticos y de riesgo que deben hacer sospechar DDC: el sexo femenino (78 por ciento), limitación de la abducción (74 por ciento) y la maniobra de Ortolani-Barlow positiva (64 por ciento). El 27 por ciento de los recién nacidos con DDC tenían 3 factores diagnósticos y de riesgo y el 73 por ciento restante más de 4. Conclusión. En base a la incidencia de la DDC y estos factores, el pediatra, que es el primer contacto con recién nacidos, con 3 de éstos debe sospechar el diagnóstico y recurrir al ortopedista pediatra para su evaluación, tratamiento de ser necesrio y su seguimiento. Con 4 factores el diagnóstico se confirma. Esto ayudará a disminuir el número tan elevado en nuestro medio de pacientes que son diagnosticados en edad de la marcha, donde el tratamiento es más complicado y el pronóstico menos favorable

[Validity of diagnostic methods in detection of congenital hip luxation in primary care]. / Validez de los métodos diagnósticos en la detección de la luxación congénita de cadera en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To find the validity of the clinical and radiological methods used within Primary Care in the early diagnosis of Congenital Hip Luxation (CHL). DESIGN: A prospective observation study. SETTING: Zaidín-Sur Basic Health Area (HA), Granada. An urban Health Centre. PATIENTS: All new-born and nursing babies born in our HA between October 1991 and March 1993 (N = 352), followed and studied over an average period of 22.4 months (SD = 5.6) (Range, 12 to 30 months). RESULTS: The prevalence of clinically and/or radiologically-based suspected CHL was 19% (Cl 95%; 12.7-25.3%) and the prevalence of confirmed CHL was 4.2% (Cl 95%; 1.96-6.44%). Ortolani-Barlow sensitivity (O-B) was 46.7%, specificity 85.2%; positive predictive value 12.3%, negative predictive value 97.6%, false positives 14.8% and false negatives 53.3%. When positive O-B and/or other positive clinical signs were taken into consideration, sensitivity rose to 73.3% and false negatives went down to 26.7%. If we had not performed radiologies systematically on all the nursing children, we would have missed CHL diagnosis in 1.14% of our basic HA's population-group. CONCLUSION: We question the clinical diagnosis of CHL due to its low sensitivity and an excessive number of false negatives. We recommended systematic testing by means of a diagnostic image method, which could be X-Rays at 3 to 5 months.

Malformaciones congénitas en 75,788 nacimientos consecutivos en cuatro hospitales de Guadalajara, México / Incidence of congenital abnormalities in 75,788 consecutive birth in four Guadalajara's hospitals(Mexico)

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de malformaciones congénitas en 4 hospitales del área metropolitana de Guadalajara. Se estudiaron 75,788 recién nacidos durante el periodo de noviembre de 1988 a junio de 1993, recolectándose la información a través de la exploración física del recién nacido y por entrevista a la madre sobre la condición del producto al nacer, antecedentes patológicos y exposición a factores físicos y químicos. Por cada malformado se seleccionó un control no malformado del mismo sexo, no necesariamente sano, pero del mismo hospital. La prevalencia hospitalaria general de las malformaciones congénitas fue de 22.3 x 1,000 RN; en nacidos vivos fue de 21.4 x 1,000 y de 69.6 x 1,000 en nacidos muertos. Los diagnósticos más importantes de malformaciones mayores por 10,000 RN fueron; defectos del cierre del tubo neural con tasa de 26.5; la anencefalia con tasa de 12.8. Las anomalias cromosómicas tuvieron una tasa de 14.8; la malformación más frecuente fue el Síndrome de Down con tasa de 12.1 , el labio paladar endido 11.1 y la polidactilia con 11.0. Las malformaciones se encontraron asociadas a: edad mayor de 40 años de la madre (RR=2.4; IC=1.5-3.8)~ antecedentes de un malformado previo (RR=4.6; IC=3.6-5.9), metrorragia en el primer trimestre de embarazo (RR=1.4; IC=1.0-1.9) y diabetes en el embarazo (RR=4.7; IC=1.2-20.4)

Displasia congénita de la cadera

El presente trabajo, enfoca la problemática de la enfermedad de la población que acude al servicio de traumatología del hospital Policlínico de la Ciudad de Riobamba, estableciendo las características de la misma y proponiendo un manejo acorde con las disponibilidades del medio. El universo de la población es de 39 casos estudiándose diversas variables como sexo, paridad, tipo de parto, edad, grado de enfermedad y tipo de terapia administrativa. Luego de dicha evaluación, obtenemos el criterio de que el manejo de la displasia congénita de la cadera es aplicable en este entorno por el indudable alentador resultado del mismo.

Enfermedad trofoblastica gestacional

La presente revisión trata de la enfermedad trafoblástica gestacional haciendo referencia a los tumores de origen placentario que se derivan del tejido epitelial coriónico. Se describe la clasificación según la OMS, resaltando ls sintomatología clásica de esta patología, así como también los métodos de laboratorio más utilizados como son: La ecosonografía, La dosificación de HCG. Gamagrafía, TAC, estudios de histopatología, medición de alfa feto proteínas dosificación de calcio calmodulina y de CAMP-A quinasa, por último se revisan los esquemas terapéuticos más usados hoy en día.