The effects of academic unprofessional behaviour on disciplinary action by medical boards: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of disciplinary actions by regulatory councils and unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation. METHODS: A search strategy was developed using the terms: 'physicians', 'disciplinary action', 'education', 'medical', 'undergraduate' and their synonyms, subsequently applied to the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACs and grey literature, with searches up to November 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan software. RESULTS: A total of 400 studies were found in the databases, and 15 studies were selected for full-texting reading. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included, bringing together a total of 3341 evaluated physicians. Three studies were included in the meta-analysis, showing a greater chance of disciplinary actions among physicians who exhibited unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation (OR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.87-3.44; I2: 0%; P < 0.0001; 3077 participants; physicians with disciplinary action: 107/323; control physicians: 222/2754). CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant association between unprofessional behaviour during medical undergraduate study and subsequent disciplinary actions by Medical Councils. The tools for periodic assessments of student behaviour during undergraduate studies can be a perspective for future studies aimed at reducing disciplinary actions among physicians.

Condutas não profissionais no uso das mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde: revisão integrativa da literatura / Unprofessional conduct in the use of social media by medical, nursing and dental students: integrative literature review / Conducta no profesional en el uso de las redes sociales por estudiantes del área de la salud: revisión integrativa de la literatura

O objetivo deste artigo é revelar o comportamento nas mídias sociais de estudantes de cursos de graduação na área da saúde do ponto de vista da ética profissional. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com base na pergunta norteadora: "Há condutas não profissionais na produção de conteúdo nas mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde?". Foram encontrados 495 estudos nas bases de dados pesquisadas. Destes, dez atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos incluídos haviam sido feitos com estudantes dos cursos de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia. Todos demonstraram sua má conduta nas mídias sociais em algum momento. Há mais relatos de visualizações de condutas antiprofissionais nos perfis de outros colegas do que autorrelatos quanto a esse aspecto. Conclui-se que é evidente a má conduta, nas mídias sociais, de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia

This article aims to reveal the behavior of medical, nursing and dental students from the point of view of professional ethics on social media. An integrative review was carried out based on the research question: "Are there unprofessional behaviors in the production of content on social media by medical, nursing and dental students?". A total of 495 studies, of which ten have satisfied the inclusion criteria, were found in the searched databases. The included studies had been carried out with students from universities for nursing, medical and dentistry education. Everyone has demonstrated misconduct on social media at a moment or other. There are more assertions that they see unprofessional behaviors in the profiles of other colleagues than self-assertions regarding this aspect. We can conclude that the misconduct of medical, nursing and dental students on social networks is evident

El objetivo de este artículo es revelar el comportamiento, en las redes sociales, de los estudiantes de cursos del área de la salud del punto de vista de la ética profesional. Se realizó una revisión integrativa a partir de la pregunta de investigación: "¿Existen comportamientos no profesionales en la producción de contenidos en redes sociales por parte de estudiantes del área de la salud?". Se encontraron 495 estudios, de los cuales diez han cumplido los criterios de inclusión, en las bases de datos investigadas. Los estudios habían sido realizados con estudiantes de los cursos de enfermería, medicina y odontología. Todos ellos han demostrado mala conducta en las redes sociales en algún momento. Hay más afirmaciones acerca de visualizaciones de comportamientos no profesionales en los perfiles de otros compañeros que autoaserciones sobre este aspecto. Es posible concluir que la mala conducta de estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y odontologíaen las redes sociales es evidente

Documentos psicológicos: um estudo comparativo das resoluções CFP n. º 006/2019 e CFP n. º 007/2003 / Psychological documents: a comparative study of resolutions CFP n. º 06/2019 and CFP n. º 07/2003 / Documentos psicológicos: un estudio comparativo entre las resoluciones CFP n. º 006/2019 y CFP n. º 007/2003

As resoluções emitidas pelo Sistema Conselhos são instrumentos essenciais de orientação e promoção de práticas éticas que denotem qualidade técnica no exercício profissional da Psicologia. Dada a complexidade que envolve a elaboração de documentos psicológicos, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as principais mudanças observadas no texto da recém-publicada Resolução CFP n.º 006/2019 quando comparada à Resolução CFP n.º 007/2003, ambas referidas à elaboração de documentos psicológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-comparativa de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou da análise de conteúdo no tratamento e interpretação dos dados oriundos de fonte exclusivamente documental. Os resultados indicaram poucas diferenças qualitativas entre os marcos resolutivos, embora se vislumbre altamente relevante o ganho adquirido com a proibição de escritos descritivos, a exigência de referencial teórico para fundamentar o raciocínio profissional e a obrigatoriedade da devolutiva documental. Entre os achados que ganham notoriedade consta a preocupação com os princípios que regem a elaboração de documentos, cuja apresentação tautológica responde a um cenário político de retrocessos que tem favorecido o desrespeito aos direitos humanos e às minorias.(AU)

Resolutions issued by Sistema Conselhos are essential tools to guide and promote ethical and quality psychology practices. Given the complexity involved in elaborating such documents, this descriptive, qualitative research outlines the main changes in the text of the recently published CFP Resolution no. 006/2019 when compared with CFP Resolution no. 007/2003, both addressing the elaboration of psychological documents. Documentary data was investigated by content analysis. Results indicated few qualitative differences between the analyzed Resolutions, among them the prohibition of descriptive writing, the requirement for a theoretical framework to support professional reasoning, and the obligation to return documents. Concern with the principles that guide document elaboration stands out, responding to a political scenario of major setbacks regarding respect for human rights and minorities.(AU)

Las resoluciones que expide el Sistema Conselhos consisten en instrumentos fundamentales que guían y promueven prácticas éticas respecto a la calidad técnica en el ejercicio profesional de la Psicología. Dada la complejidad que implica la elaboración de documentos psicológicos, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales cambios observados en la Resolución CFP n.º 006/2019, de reciente publicación, en comparación con la Resolución CFP n.º 007/2003, ambas abordan la elaboración de documentos psicológicos. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva-comparativa con enfoque cualitativo, que utilizó el análisis de contenido en el tratamiento e interpretación de datos de fuente exclusivamente documental. Los resultados indicaron pocas diferencias cualitativas entre los marcos resolutivos (aunque el logro de prohibir los escritos descriptivos es muy relevante), la exigencia de un marco teórico para sostener el razonamiento profesional y la devolución obligatoria de los documentos. Entre los hallazgos que cobran notoriedad está la preocupación por los principios que rigen la elaboración de documentos, cuya presentación tautológica responde a un escenario político de retrocesos que ha favorecido la falta de respeto a los derechos humanos y las minorías.(AU)

Notas para decolonizar os estudos transpessoais no brasil: contribuições do pluriperspectivismo participativo / Notes for decolonizing transpersonal studies in brazil: contributions of participatory pluriperspectivism / Apuntes para la decolonización de los estudios transpersonales en brasil: aportes del pluriperspectivismo participativo

O campo dos estudos transpessoais tem avançado em diversas áreas no Brasil. Comemorou seus 40 anos com uma inserção ativa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e uma ampliação de núcleos formativos e apoiadores de ensino, pesquisa e ações sociais, além de diálogos com o Sistema de Conselhos de Psicologia. Desafios são apresentados a partir do levantamento de uma série de questões importantes e ignoradas dentro da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil. Apresentamos o pluriperspectivismo participativo como possibilidade de decolonizar as matrizes eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, que dão suporte ao pensamento transpessoal brasileiro, buscando honrar nossas raízes históricas e incluir outras epistemologias e ontologias, que dão continuidade à crítica à lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos uma breve agenda de notas temáticas que carecem de um processo decolonizador no campo transpessoal: a) crítica às perspectivas de um pensamento hegemônico, em termos globais por meio da dominação Norte-Sul ou no campo das relações sociais; b) revisão das formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) questionamento da noção de universalismo das ciências e da ética; d) aprofundamento da análise crítica da supremacia restritiva da racionalidade formal técnico-científica em relação às formas de subjetividade, de vivências holísticas e integradoras e de valorização do corpo; e) revisão da noção de sujeito moderno desprovida da cocriação do humano com a comunidade, a história, a natureza e o cosmos.(AU)

The field of transpersonal studies has advanced in several areas in Brazil. It celebrated its 40th anniversary with an active insertion in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and an expansion of training centers and supporters of teaching, research, and social actions, in addition to dialogues with the System of Councils of Psychology. Challenges are presented based on a survey of a series of important and ignored issues within Transpersonal Psychology in Brazil. We present participatory pluriperspectivism as a possibility to decolonize the Eurocentric and North American matrices that support Brazilian transpersonal thought, seeking to honor our historical roots and include other epistemologies and ontologies, which continue the critique of modern Cartesian logic. We indicate a brief agenda of thematic notes that lack a decolonizing process in the transpersonal field: a) criticism of the perspectives of a hegemonic thought, whether in global terms via North-South domination or in the field of social relations; b) review of the forms of "centrocentrism"; c) questioning of the notion of universalism of science and ethics; d) deepening of the critical analysis of the restrictive supremacy of the technical-scientific formal rationality in relation to the forms of subjectivity, of holistic and integrative experiences, and of valuing the body; e) review of the notion of the modern subject devoid of the co-creation of the human with the community, the history, the nature, and the cosmos.(AU)

El campo de los estudios transpersonales ha avanzado en varias áreas de Brasil. Se celebró su 40.º aniversario con una inserción activa en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y una ampliación de los centros de formación y promotores de la docencia, la investigación y la acción social, además de diálogos con el Sistema de Consejos de Psicología. Los desafíos se presentan a partir de una encuesta de una serie de temas importantes e ignorados dentro de la Psicología Transpersonal en Brasil. Presentamos el pluriperspectivismo participativo como una posibilidad para decolonizar las matrices eurocéntrica y americana, que sustentan el pensamiento transpersonal brasileño, buscando honrar nuestras raíces históricas e incluir otras epistemologías y ontologías que continúan la crítica de la lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos una breve agenda de apuntes temáticos que carecen de un proceso decolonizador en el campo transpersonal: a) crítica de las perspectivas de un pensamiento hegemónico, ya sea en términos globales a través del dominio Norte-Sur o en el campo de las relaciones sociales; b) revisión de las formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) cuestionamiento de la noción de universalismo de la ciencia y la ética; d) profundización del análisis crítico de la supremacía restrictiva de la racionalidad formal técnico-científica en relación a las formas de subjetividad, de experiencias holísticas e integradoras y de valoración del cuerpo; e) revisión de la noción de sujeto moderno desprovisto de la cocreación de lo humano con la comunidad, la historia, la naturaleza y el cosmos.(AU)

Plastic surgery professional misconduct: a cross-sectional study on cases between 2008 and 2017, filed before the São Paulo State Medical Board

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In plastic surgery, a lack of ethical and moral behavior by professionals can result in unfortunate circumstances and can justify ethical-disciplinary procedures. OBJECTIVE: To review 421 plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases filed before the São Paulo State Medical Board (CREMESP) between 2008 and 2017. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a medical council. METHODS: The cases were categorized according to sex, age, medical specialty (plastic surgery, other field or none), medical ethics code chapter(s) involved, ethics code articles violated and board ruling/outcome. RESULTS: Most of the defendants were men over 40 years of age who were experienced in their professional practice and who graduated from public and private universities all over Brazil; 47.74% had a specialist title in plastic surgery. Violation of professional responsibility (medical malpractice, recklessness or negligence) was the commonest complaint (28.43%), followed by medical advertising (24.19%) and poor doctor-patient relationship (10.39%), in violation of articles 18, 51, 75 and 1. Among the 233 cases adjudicated over this period, 133 resulted in disciplinary sanction, 80 were ruled in the physician's favor and 20 were dismissed. CONCLUSION: Classification of plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases creates possibilities for adopting preventive measures for good practice in this specialty, which would consequently reduce the number of complaints to the regional medical boards.

Associação entre os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade e a intenção de corrupção / The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Factors and the Intention of Corruption

Resumo A comportamento corrupto deve ser investigado a partir de diferentes níveis de análise. A nível intraindividual, a personalidade é uma variável relevante para sua compreensão. Objetivo. Na presente pesquisa, buscou-se analisar a influência dos traços de personalidade na intenção de comportamento corrupto a partir do modelo dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade. Método. Participaram da pesquisa 286 indivíduos com idades entre 18 e 76 anos. Para coleta, foram utilizadas a Escala Reduzida dos cinco grandes fatores da personalidade, a Medida de Intenção de Corrupção e um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados. Se encontraram correlações positivas entre a intenção de corrupção com as dimensões amabilidade, conscienciosidade e abertura à experiência. Porém, por meio de uma regressão linear múltipla, apenas a conscienciosidade teve efeito significativo. Implicações são discutidas.

Abstract Corruption must be investigated from different levels of analysis. At the intra-individual level, personality is a relevant variable for its understanding. Objective. In the present research, we sought to analyze the influence of personality traits on the intention of corrupt behavior based on the Big Five model of personality. Method. This study included 286 individuals between the ages of 18 and 76. A Reduced Scale of the Big Five personality factors, and a Corruption Intention Measurement scale, along general sociodemographic data were part of the data collection process. Results. Data showed positive correlations between corruption intention and the dimensions of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. However, using multiple linear regression, only conscientiousness had a significant effect. Implications are discussed.

Reclamos contra la conducta ética en el ejercicio de la medicina. Análisis de las causas ingresadas a un Tribunal de Ética del Colegio Médico de Chile / Analysis of the cases admitted to a regional ethics court of the Chilean medical association

BACKGROUND: The Ethics Committees of medical associations define standards of conduct to avoid improper professional behavior. AIM: To identify the areas of professional behavior with most allegations of misconduct. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of all ethical claims received at the Regional Ethics Court of the Chilean Medical Association between 2016 and 2021. RESULTS: Of 323 cases analyzed, 17% of complaints argued a failure in achieving a satisfactory standard of medical care, 15% unprofessional behavior, 14% disruptive interaction among physicians, 12% failure to fulfill therapeutic expectations, 6% poor quality of care, 6% fraud, 6% complains against institutions, 6% sexual misconduct, 6% inappropriate billing, 3% diagnostic errors, 3% inappropriate social behaviors, 1% refusal to provide a sick leave and 1% illegal practice. Only 41.5% of complaints were filed against registered physicians, thus limiting the capabilities of the medical ethical board. CONCLUSIONS: The most common complaints observed were professional misconduct and relationship problems between physicians.

Plastic surgery professional misconduct: a cross-sectional study on cases between 2008 and 2017, filed before the São Paulo State Medical Board.

BACKGROUND: In plastic surgery, a lack of ethical and moral behavior by professionals can result in unfortunate circumstances and can justify ethical-disciplinary procedures. OBJECTIVE: To review 421 plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases filed before the São Paulo State Medical Board (CREMESP) between 2008 and 2017. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a medical council. METHODS: The cases were categorized according to sex, age, medical specialty (plastic surgery, other field or none), medical ethics code chapter(s) involved, ethics code articles violated and board ruling/outcome. RESULTS: Most of the defendants were men over 40 years of age who were experienced in their professional practice and who graduated from public and private universities all over Brazil; 47.74% had a specialist title in plastic surgery. Violation of professional responsibility (medical malpractice, recklessness or negligence) was the commonest complaint (28.43%), followed by medical advertising (24.19%) and poor doctor-patient relationship (10.39%), in violation of articles 18, 51, 75 and 1. Among the 233 cases adjudicated over this period, 133 resulted in disciplinary sanction, 80 were ruled in the physician's favor and 20 were dismissed. CONCLUSION: Classification of plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases creates possibilities for adopting preventive measures for good practice in this specialty, which would consequently reduce the number of complaints to the regional medical boards.

Identification of Fraudulent Scientific Journals / Identificación de Revistas Científicas Fraudulentas

There is a growing need to produce scientific publications in universities, with the resulting increase in manuscripts submitted for review to scientific journals. Open access, a model designed to increase the dissemination of knowledge, has become a business model for certain fraudulent or predatory journals, which see the payment of publication rates by the authors as a money-making venture. These journals take advantage of some researchers' lack of knowledge about the types of journals and how the normal publishing process of a serious journal works, characterized by a peer review of the scientific work, a process that usually takes several months. Predatory journals are a real threat, for both the quality of scientific articles published and for the authors, who pay high prices to have their work published in journals of low or no quality. The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics of the existing scientific journals a nd highlight aspects that authors should consider to identify and avoid fraudulent journals.

Existe una necesidad creciente de producir publicaciones científicas en las universidades, con el consiguiente incremento de manuscritos enviados a evaluación a las revistas científicas. El open access, un modelo originado para aumentar la diffusion del conocimiento, se transformó en un modelo de negocio para ciertas revistas fraudulentas o depredadoras, que vieron en el pago de las tasas de publicación por parte de los autores una oportunidad de ganar dinero. Estas revistas se aprovechan del bajo conocimiento que tienen algunos investigadores sobre los tipos de revistas existentes y sobre cómo funciona el proceso editorial normal de una revista seria, que se caracteriza por una revisión por parte de pares del trabajo científico, proceso que suele durar varios meses. Las revistas depredadoras son una amenaza real, tanto para la calidad de los artículos científicos publicados como para los autores, que pagan elevados presios por la publicación de sus trabajos en revistas con bajo o ningún estándar de calidad. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características de las revistas científicas existentes y resaltar aspectos que los autores debieran considerar para identificar y evitar revistas fraudulentas.

[Analysis of the cases admitted to a regional ethics court of the Chilean medical association]. / Reclamos contra la conducta ética en el ejercicio de la medicina. Análisis de las causas ingresadas a un Tribunal de Ética del Colegio Médico de Chile.

BACKGROUND: The Ethics Committees of medical associations define standards of conduct to avoid improper professional behavior. AIM: To identify the areas of professional behavior with most allegations of misconduct. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of all ethical claims received at the Regional Ethics Court of the Chilean Medical Association between 2016 and 2021. RESULTS: Of 323 cases analyzed, 17% of complaints argued a failure in achieving a satisfactory standard of medical care, 15% unprofessional behavior, 14% disruptive interaction among physicians, 12% failure to fulfill therapeutic expectations, 6% poor quality of care, 6% fraud, 6% complains against institutions, 6% sexual misconduct, 6% inappropriate billing, 3% diagnostic errors, 3% inappropriate social behaviors, 1% refusal to provide a sick leave and 1% illegal practice. Only 41.5% of complaints were filed against registered physicians, thus limiting the capabilities of the medical ethical board. CONCLUSIONS: The most common complaints observed were professional misconduct and relationship problems between physicians.

Classification of plastic surgery malpractice complaints brought before the São Paulo Medical Board that were treated as professional-misconduct cases: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there is an ethical and moral necessity to establish rules that govern professional attitudes and conduct. In the medical field, these rules are multifaceted, given the health consequences inherent to medical procedures. Ethics is an even more delicate subject when it comes to plastic surgery, since one of the aims of this particular medical specialty is esthetic improvement of the body. OBJECTIVE: To survey and classify São Paulo State Medical Board investigations of plastic-surgery complaints that were treated as professional-misconduct cases between 2007 and 2016. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a medical council. METHODS: A total of 360 cases were reviewed. Among these, 8 (2.23%) were dismissed, 1 (0.27%) became an administrative lawsuit and 351 (97.50%) were treated as professional-misconduct cases. RESULTS: A breakdown of the complaints filed over the nine-year period showed that complaints concerning malpractice were the most common (28.43%), followed by those regarding medical advertising (24.19%) and poor doctor-patient relationships (10.39%). CONCLUSION: Overall, the number of complaints lodged decreased over the last two years reviewed, although complaints regarding malpractice and poor doctor-patient relationships increased by 10% over the same period. In order to further reduce the number of medical board investigations, the medical establishment needs to carefully review the medical training of students and doctors at every stage of their careers.

Classification of plastic surgery malpractice complaints brought before the São Paulo Medical Board that were treated as professional-misconduct cases: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there is an ethical and moral necessity to establish rules that govern professional attitudes and conduct. In the medical field, these rules are multifaceted, given the health consequences inherent to medical procedures. Ethics is an even more delicate subject when it comes to plastic surgery, since one of the aims of this particular medical specialty is esthetic improvement of the body. OBJECTIVE: To survey and classify São Paulo State Medical Board investigations of plastic-surgery complaints that were treated as professional-misconduct cases between 2007 and 2016. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a medical council. METHODS: A total of 360 cases were reviewed. Among these, 8 (2.23%) were dismissed, 1 (0.27%) became an administrative lawsuit and 351 (97.50%) were treated as professional-misconduct cases. RESULTS: A breakdown of the complaints filed over the nine-year period showed that complaints concerning malpractice were the most common (28.43%), followed by those regarding medical advertising (24.19%) and poor doctor-patient relationships (10.39%). CONCLUSION: Overall, the number of complaints lodged decreased over the last two years reviewed, although complaints regarding malpractice and poor doctor-patient relationships increased by 10% over the same period. In order to further reduce the number of medical board investigations, the medical establishment needs to carefully review the medical training of students and doctors at every stage of their careers.

Abuso infantil: significados e condutas de dentistas da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Belo Horizonte: um estudo qualitativo / Child Abuse: meanings and conduct of dentists from the Family Health Strategy teams in Belo Horizonte: a qualitative study

Os abusos infantis constituem um sério problema de saúde pública. Os dentistas se encontram em posição estratégica para identificar e notificar abuso infantil. Entretanto, estudos apontam para alta prevalência de comportamento de não-notificação por esses profissionais. Além disso, os dentistas são frequentemente associados a dificuldades para identificar e notificar casos de abuso infantil entre seus pacientes. A literatura carece de estudos que trabalhem esses fatores em profundidade. Diante do exposto, alguns questionamentos são apresentados: Por que os dentistas estão frequentemente associados à alta prevalência de comportamento de não-notificação? Como eles percebem o abuso infantil no contexto e cotidiano de trabalho na atenção primária à saúde? Quais são as concepções de abuso infantil construídas pelos dentistas? Como os fatores associados à identificação e notificação de abuso infantil influenciam na abordagem dos casos pelos dentistas? Esses questionamentos embasaram a construção deste estudo. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo teórico substantivo que permitisse compreender como esses fatores se relacionam com a identificação e notificação de abuso infantil pelos dentistas da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Belo Horizonte em seu cotidiano de trabalho. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, seguindo o referencial metodológico da Grounded Theory, sob a luz teórica do Interacionismo Simbólico. A amostra foi intencional e caracterizada pela amostragem teórica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas em profundidade e o critério para finalização da coleta foi a saturação. Foram entrevistados 10 dentistas vinculados à ESF. O estudo resultou na construção de uma teoria a respeito da Abordagem de Abuso Infantil por Dentistas da ESF, que é constituída por 3 categorias. A primeira categoria, denominada Concepção de Abuso, apresenta o conjunto de significados e conceitos que definem o que é o abuso infantil para os profissionais. A segunda, denominada Concepção de Notificação e Sistema de Proteção à Crianças e Adolescentes, apresenta conceitos e significados atribuídos à notificação de abuso infantil e seus processos. A terceira categoria, chamada Condutas, apresenta os elementos que envolvem as atitudes e as condutas tomadas pelos dentistas frente a casos suspeitos ou confirmados de abuso infantil. A concepção dos dentistas sobre o tema é importante e influencia fortemente na abordagem de abuso infantil. Além disso, a abordagem de abuso infantil é influenciada e envolve desde questões individuais dos profissionais, até questões sociais, culturais e de organização do sistema de saúde. Este estudo apresenta contribuições relevantes para os dentistas e para a ESF. Seus resultados podem ser utilizados para embasar a construção e o desenvolvimento de estudos de intervenção no tema.

Child abuse is a serious public health problem. Dentists are in a strategic position to identify and report child abuse. However, studies point to a high prevalence of nonnotification behavior by these professionals. In addition, dentists are often associated with difficulties in identifying and reporting cases of child abuse among their patients. The literature lacks studies that work on these factors in depth. Given the above, some questions are raised: Why are dentists frequently associated with high prevalence of non-notification behavior? How do they perceive child abuse in the context and daily work of primary health care? What are the conceptions of child abuse built by dentists? How do the factors associated with the identification and reporting of child abuse influence dentists' approach of cases? These questions supported the construction of this study. The aim of this study was to develop a substantive theoretical model that would allow understanding how these factors are related to the identification and reporting of child abuse by dentists of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Belo Horizonte in their daily work. A qualitative study was carried out, following the Grounded Theory methodological framework, in the theoretical light of Symbolic Interactionism. The sample selection was intentional and characterized by theoretical sampling. Data collection was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the criterion for finalizing the collection was saturation. We interviewed 10 dentists linked to the FHS. The study resulted in the construction of a theory about the Child Abuse Approach by FHS Dentists, which consists of 3 categories. The first category called Conception of Abuse, presents the set of meanings and concepts that define what child abuse is for professionals. The second, called Conception on the Notification and Protection System for Children and Adolescents, presents concepts and meanings attributed to the notification of child abuse and its processes. The third category, called Conducts, presents the elements that involve the attitudes and behaviors taken by dentists in the face of suspected or confirmed cases of child abuse. Dentists' views on the topic are important and strongly influence their approach to child abuse. The concepts presented are flawed because there is mainly a lack of technical training on the subject. In addition, the child abuse approach is influenced and involves from individual issues of professionals, to social, cultural and organizational issues in the health system. This study presents important contributions for dentists and the FHS. Its results can be used to support the construction and development of intervention studies on the topic.

El delito de ejercicio ilegal de las profesiones de farmácia y medicina en Costa Rica: reflexiones en torno a la prescripción y el despacho de medicamentos / The crime of illegal exercise of the professions of pharmacy and medicine in Costa Rica: reflections on the prescription and delivery of medicines

Objetivo: Analizar el delito de ejercicio ilegal de las profesiones de farmacia y medicina en Costa Rica. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en libros y artículos del área jurídica, se analizó la legislación promulgada en Costa Rica, Argentina y España, además de las sentencias de tribunales penales, emitidas en Costa Rica desde el año 1980. Resultados: se determinó la legislación que ha regulado el delito de ejercicio ilegal de la profesión, así como los principales aspectos considerados en las sentencias para establecer los elementos que configuran el delito. Conclusión: El profesional en farmacia podría incurrir en el delito de ejercicio ilegal de la medicina en caso de que prescriba medicamentos, así como, el profesional en medicina podría cometer el delito de ejercicio ilegal de la farmacia si despacha medicamentos. El ejercicio de las profesiones médicas o farmacéuticas por personas no autorizadas debe ser analizado en sede penal, sin embargo, se asume el criterio que la sanción debería ser pecuniaria y no privativa de libertad. (AU).

Objective: to analyze the crime of illegal exercise of the professions of pharmacy and medicine in Costa Rica. Methodology: a bibliographic research was carried out in books and articles of the legal area; the legislation promulgated in Costa Rica, Argentina and Spain was analyzed, as well as the sentences of criminal courts, issued in Costa Rica since 1980. Results: creation of a legislation that regulated the crime of illegal exercise of the profession, as well as the main aspects considered in the sentences to establish the elements that make up the offense. Conclusion: the professional in pharmacy could incur in crime of illegal exercise of medicine in case he or she prescribes a medication, as well as, the medical professional could commit the crime of illegal exercise of the pharmacy if it dispenses medication. The exercise of the medical or pharmaceutical professions by unauthorized persons must be analyzed at the criminal court, however, it is assumed that the sanction should be pecuniary and not custodial. (AU).

Objetivo: analisar o crime de exercício ilegal das profissões de farmácia e medicina na Costa Rica. Método: uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em livros e artigos na área jurídica, a legislação promulgada em Costa Rica, Argentina e Espanha, bem como as sentenças de tribunais criminais, emitido em Costa Rica desde 1980. Resultados: determinou-se a legislação que regulamenta o crime de exercício ilegal da profissão, bem como os principais aspectos considerados nas sentenças para estabelecer os elementos que compõem o delito. Conclusão: o farmacêutico profissional pode incorrer no crime de prática ilegal da medicina se prescrever medicamentos, bem como o profissional médico pode cometer o crime de exercício ilegal da farmácia se despachar medicamentos. O exercício de profissões médicas ou farmacêuticas por pessoas não autorizadas deve ser analisado em um tribunal criminal, no entanto, a pena deve ser de pecuniária. (AU).

Effective communication strategies for managing disruptive behaviors and promoting patient safety. / Estratégias de comunicação efetiva no gerenciamento de comportamentos destrutivos e promoção da segurança do paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze strategies for professionals to communicate effectively when managing disruptive behaviors at the hospital and to promote patient safety. METHODS: This is a descriptive and qualitative study conducted with 29 health professionals at a public hospital in Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected in 2014 by means of an in-depth interview, analyzed using the content analysis technique with MAXQDA® software, and discussed according to patient safety references. RESULTS: The interview transcripts resulted in 27 contextual units of analysis that address effective communication strategies for managing disruptive behaviors, such as team meetings with open dialogue; performance evaluation and feedback; and exercising leadership with emphasis on individual support, training, recognition, and mutual respect. CONCLUSIONS: Individual and group strategies that focus on communication skills and establishing mutual respect at work act as barriers for disruptive behavior and, if properly adopted, have a positive impact on patient safety.

Os direitos humanos de pacientes em risco de suicídio no Brasil / The human rights of patients in suicide risk in Brazil

Objective: to analyze the subject of suicide in the theoretical-normative perspective of the human rights of patients. Methodology: theoretical and documentary research on the ethical and human rights aspects of patients at risk/suicide attempt. Results: violations of the human rights of patients at health risk were observed in the health services. Conclusion: it is necessary to adopt measures to promote the alteration of the situation of violation of these rights.

Objetivo: analizar la temática del suicidio en la perspectiva teórico-normativa de los derechos humanos de los pacientes. Metodología: se realizó una investigación teórica y documental sobre los aspectos éticos y de derechos humanos de los pacientes en riesgo / intento de suicidio. Resultados: se observaron violaciones a los derechos humanos de los pacientes en riesgo de salud, en los servicios de salud. Conclusión: es necesaria la adopción de medidas para promover la alteración de la situación de violación de tales derechos.

Objetivo: analisar a temática do suicídio na perspectiva teórico-normativa dos direitos humanos dos pacientes. Metodologia: foi realizada pesquisa teórica e documental sobre os aspectos éticos e de direitos humanos dos pacientes em risco/tentativa de suicídio. Resultados: foram observadas violações aos direitos humanos dos pacientes em risco de saúde, nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: é necessária a adoção de medidas para promover a alteração da situação de violação de tais direitos.

Estratégias de comunicação efetiva no gerenciamento de comportamentos destrutivos e promoção da segurança do paciente / Estrategias de comunicación efectiva en la gestión de comportamientos destructivos y promoción de la seguridad del paciente / Effective communication strategies for managing disruptive behaviors and promoting patient safety

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever e analisar estratégias de comunicação interprofissional efetiva no gerenciamento de comportamentos destrutivos no trabalho hospitalar e promoção da segurança do paciente. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo e qualitativo, desenvolvido com 29 profissionais de saúde de hospital público no Ceará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 2014, mediante entrevista em profundidade, analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o software MAXQDA®, e discutidos segundo referenciais da segurança do paciente. RESULTADOS Emergiram 27 unidades de contexto da análise do conteúdo abordando estratégias de comunicação efetiva para gerenciamento de comportamentos destrutivos, destacando-se: reuniões em equipe com diálogo aberto, avaliação de desempenho e feedback; e exercício da liderança com ênfase no suporte individual, treinamentos, reconhecimento e respeito mútuos. CONCLUSÕES Estratégias individuais e grupais focalizadas em habilidades de comunicação e estabelecimento de respeito mútuo no trabalho atuam como barreiras a comportamentos destrutivos e, se adequadamente instituídas, têm impacto positivo na segurança do paciente.

Resumen OBJETIVO Describir y analizar estrategias de comunicación interprofesional efectiva en la gestión de comportamientos destructivos en el trabajo hospitalario y promoción de la seguridad del paciente. MÉTODOS Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, desarrollado con 29 profesionales de salud de hospital público en Ceará, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en 2014, mediante entrevista en profundidad, analizados por la técnica de análisis de contenido, con el software MAXQDA®, y discutidos según referenciales de la seguridad del paciente. RESULTADOS Emergieron 27 unidades de contexto del análisis del contenido abordando estrategias de comunicación efectiva para gestión de comportamientos destructivos, destacándose: reuniones en equipo con diálogo abierto, evaluación de desempeño y feedback; y ejercicio del liderazgo con énfasis en el soporte individual, entrenamientos, reconocimiento y respeto mutuos. CONCLUSIONES Estrategias individuales y grupales enfocadas en habilidades de comunicación y establecimiento de respeto mutuo en el trabajo actúan como barreras a comportamientos destructivos y, si adecuadamente instituidas, tienen impacto positivo en la seguridad del paciente.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze strategies for professionals to communicate effectively when managing disruptive behaviors at the hospital and to promote patient safety. METHODS This is a descriptive and qualitative study conducted with 29 health professionals at a public hospital in Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected in 2014 by means of an in-depth interview, analyzed using the content analysis technique with MAXQDA® software, and discussed according to patient safety references. RESULTS The interview transcripts resulted in 27 contextual units of analysis that address effective communication strategies for managing disruptive behaviors, such as team meetings with open dialogue; performance evaluation and feedback; and exercising leadership with emphasis on individual support, training, recognition, and mutual respect. CONCLUSIONS Individual and group strategies that focus on communication skills and establishing mutual respect at work act as barriers for disruptive behavior and, if properly adopted, have a positive impact on patient safety.

Lecturas de bioética: Regulación de la mala práctica médica, ¿un asunto legal, social o médico? / Bioethic readings: Regulation of medical malpractice, A legal, social or medical issue?

Desde tiempos legendarios se acepta y se espera conocimiento y experiencia "razonables" en quien ejerce una profesión. Pero, realmente, se centra en la profesión médica y por ello, entre otras cosas, es que el médico no recibe o deba recibir su título como tal y el derecho a ejercer la Medicina y la Cirugía, mientras no haya cumplido con un mínimo número de años de estudio, que garanticen un conocimiento básico, y un mínimo número de años de práctica, que garanticen "la experiencia". A mí me queda muy difícil entender experiencia como menos de 15 años de ejercicio. Pero así era Roma y así se fue aceptando en todas las regiones.