Vigencia de la mastectomía para el tratamiento primario del cáncer de mama / Mastectomy operation for primary breast cancer treatment

Introducción: Estudio de las pacientes portadoras de carcinoma de mama que aún son sometidas a mastectomías. Material y métodos: Se evalúan 3108 carcinomas de mama tratados entre abril de 1993 y diciembre de 1999, los que fueron agrupados según recibieron tratamientos radicales (1834) o tratamientos conservadores (1029). En los restantes 237 casos se realizaron otros procedimientos. La edad media fue de 55 años. El seguimiento medio fue de 42 meses (rango 1-365). Resultados: Con respecto al motivo de consulta, se observó un aumento de los carcinomas diagnosticados a raíz de un control habitual (p < 0,05), como así también un incremento significativo de los estadios 0 y I (p < 0,05). Estudiando la progresión en el tiempo de las distintas técnicas empleadas, se observó una paulatina disminución de las mastectomías y un incremento de las cirugías conservadoras. La mastectomía radical clásica de Halsted y la resección del músculo pectoral menor ya han caído en desuso. En los últimos 4 años, el 30 por ciento de pacientes requirieron una mastectomía debido fundamentalmente al tamaño tumoral, la multicentricidad, el componente intraductal extensivo y edad avanzada. De éste subgrupo de pacientes, en el 41 por ciento se realizó reconstrucción mamaria. Conclusiones: A pesar de los buenos resultados obtenidos con la cirugía conservadora, existe hoy en día un 30 por ciento de carcinomas mamarios que requieren una mastectomía para poder obtener un correcto control locorregional

Vigencia de la mastectomía para el tratamiento primario del cáncer de mama / Mastectomy operation for primary breast cancer treatment

Introducción: Estudio de las pacientes portadoras de carcinoma de mama que aún son sometidas a mastectomías. Material y métodos: Se evalúan 3108 carcinomas de mama tratados entre abril de 1993 y diciembre de 1999, los que fueron agrupados según recibieron tratamientos radicales (1834) o tratamientos conservadores (1029). En los restantes 237 casos se realizaron otros procedimientos. La edad media fue de 55 años. El seguimiento medio fue de 42 meses (rango 1-365). Resultados: Con respecto al motivo de consulta, se observó un aumento de los carcinomas diagnosticados a raíz de un control habitual (p < 0,05), como así también un incremento significativo de los estadios 0 y I (p < 0,05). Estudiando la progresión en el tiempo de las distintas técnicas empleadas, se observó una paulatina disminución de las mastectomías y un incremento de las cirugías conservadoras. La mastectomía radical clásica de Halsted y la resección del músculo pectoral menor ya han caído en desuso. En los últimos 4 años, el 30 por ciento de pacientes requirieron una mastectomía debido fundamentalmente al tamaño tumoral, la multicentricidad, el componente intraductal extensivo y edad avanzada. De éste subgrupo de pacientes, en el 41 por ciento se realizó reconstrucción mamaria. Conclusiones: A pesar de los buenos resultados obtenidos con la cirugía conservadora, existe hoy en día un 30 por ciento de carcinomas mamarios que requieren una mastectomía para poder obtener un correcto control locorregional (AU)

Surgical treatment of breast cancer in New South Wales 1991, 1992.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine existing data on women diagnosed with breast cancer in New South Wales in 1991 and 1992 and to describe surgical treatments received on an inpatient basis. METHODS: Analyses were based on the linkage of two databases: the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry and the New South Wales Health Department's Inpatient Statistics Collection. Data were limited to women who were resident and treated in New South Wales. Main analyses were restricted to definitive surgical procedures. RESULTS: Thirty-six per cent of women treated surgically for breast cancer in 1991 had breast-conserving therapy. This had increased to 39% in 1992. There were substantial geographical variations in the use of breast-conserving therapy in New South Wales which could not be explained by patient characteristics. Age, degree of spread at diagnosis, and area health service/ health region were all found to have an independent association with the probability of having a mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Women with a localized degree of spread living in non-metropolitan areas (Health Regions) were almost twice as likely to have a mastectomy as compared with similar women who were resident in metropolitan areas (Area Health Services). The concentration of radiotherapy services may have contributed to the urban/rural variation in breast-conserving therapy in New South Wales, but it is also likely that some of the variations that were observed may be a reflection of the failure of clinicians to use best current practice.

Treatment of breast cancer by radical surgery: a personal experience of 653 patients with minimal follow-up of 10 years.

From June 1952 through December 1976, 695 radical operations were performed on 653 women suffering from invasive cancer of the breast. All operations were performed by a single surgeon (E.C.); the same principles in the selection of the patient techniques of surgery and overall treatment were practiced. Postoperative radiation therapy was used only in the beginning of the study, and 56 (15.9%) of the group with axillary metastases received such therapy. No patient with negative axillary lymph node received radiation therapy. No postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy was administered. Complete follow-up data were obtained in 94.7% of all patients. In accord with the UICC clinical classification, 96 were classified as stage I (14.7%), 445 as stage II (68.1%), and 111 as stage III (17.%); 1 (0.1%) was not classified. From the 653 patients, 651 (two postoperative deaths) were observed for an average of 141.9 months. The longest period of follow-up evaluation for any patient was more than 35 years and the minimum, 10 years. Survival was calculated for the entire study group and for patients classified by nodal status and stage of disease. The 10-year overall survival rate for 651 patients is 60.4%; for those with positive nodes 46.4%, and for those with negative nodes, 76.7%. The overall survival, according to clinical stage, was as follows: the 5-year survival for patients in stage I was 89.5%, and the 10-year survival was 83.1%. In the stage II group, the 5-year survival was 76.1% and the 10-year survival, 58.5%. The patients in stage III had only a 62.1% 5-year survival and a 47.7% 10-year survival.

Breast cancer and regional lymph node dissections.

Regional lymph node metastases were evaluated in 289 patients with operable breast cancer. The metastases of the axillary and internal mammary lymph node were shown to be closely related to the survival of patients, but the status of these nodes was shown to be impossible to estimate before the operation. Thus, axillary and internal mammary node dissections seem to be very important in order to attain an acceptable amount of information for staging of certain breast cancer patients. Due to the radicality of operations including internal mammary node dissection, the use of modified extended mastectomy is proposed as the staging operation. In this manner, the anterior chest deformity created by an extended radical mastectomy can be avoided and the pectoralis major muscle spared in patients without internal mammary lymph node involvement. Also found in this study, was some evidence of the beneficial use of en bloc extended radical mastectomy for the survival of a selected group of patients.